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ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is to assess the contribution of directly transported to the suburban districts and
waste dumping in water pollution. Water samples dumped into the low-lying
lying land.
were collected from the nearby Htein Pin ope open
dumping site in Yangon, lake, tube wells, river and II. STUDY AREA
leach ate were analyzed and observed contamination. Htein Pin is one of the existing open dumping site in
It has been found that most of the parameters of water Yangon City. In 2001, YCDC used the land disposal
are not in the acceptable limit in accordance with the site in HlaingTharyar Township named Northern
WHO drinking guide lines. It is conclude
concluded that the Final Disposal Site, “Htein Pin.”
contamination is due to the solid waste that are
dumped in the area.
I. INTRODUCTION
Solid waste disposal creates a problem primarily in
highly populated areas. The more concentrated the
population, the greater the problem becomes [6].
Inadequate Solid Waste Management Services
adversely affect the environment, causing water, land
and air pollution, and will ultimately resultants in ill Figure 1 – Existing dumping sites in Yangon
effects on human health. Source: YCDC, 2017
Most of the developing countries use open dumping to This dmping site is located on the other side
sid of the
dispose of wastes. Indiscriminate dumping of wastes Hlaing River at a distance of about 26 km from
contaminates surface and ground water supplies. downtown area. It is a flat area with high water table
Unscientifically managed dumping
mping yards are prone to and even subjected to flooding during the rainy
ground water contamination because of leachate season. The whole area is 300 acres and usage area
production. Leachate is the liquid that seeps from about 150 acres, allowable capacity is three million
m
solid wastes or other medium and have extracts with tons, use the 15 years.
dissolved or suspended materials from it.
Htein Pin Final Disposa Site is disposed by north
The Solid Waste Management in Yangon cconsists district in eight townships, west district in ten
mainly of the collection and disposal system, and is townships, five markets and HlaingTharYar Industrial
the responsibility of the YCDC. Collected waste are zone. Therefore common disposal wastes are kitchen
wastes, industrial wastes and market wastes. The
E. Disposal
Today, the disposal of waste by land filling or land
spreading is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes,
whether they are residential wastes collected and
transported directly to a landfill site.
IV. Methodology
In sanitary conditions of uncontrolled dumps are
sources of health and environmental hazards through
pathogenic organisms, insects, vermin, rodents, air
and water pollution. The Fig. 3 describes the
methodology of this study.
Field Survey
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 440
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
TABLE I. WATER QUALITY AROUND HTEIN- TABLE I. CONTINUED
PIN FINAL DISPOSAL SITE Parameters LW RW TWa TWb WHO
a b
Parameters LW RW TW TW WHO
Ammonia
0.22 10.1 - - -
pH 7.3 8.1 8.0 7.2 6.5-8.5 (mg/l)
Total Arsenic
- - 0.005 0.005 0.01
Hardness (mg/l)
48 470 530 510 500
(mg/l as
CaCO3)
Total Nitrate (mg/l) - - 0.8 2.0 50
alkalinity
72 280 212 236 -
(mg/l as
CaCO3) Total
Phenol- Coliform 30 - - - -
phthalein (CFU/100ml)
Nil Nil - - -
alkalinity
(mg/l)
Iron (mg/l) - - 0.68 0.2 0.3
Carbonate
Nil Nil Nil Nil -
(mg/l)
Manganese
- - 0.2 2.1 0.05
(mg/l)
Chloride
41 880 940 800 250
(mg/l)
Phosphate
- - Nil Nil -
(mg/l)
Sulphate
Nil 42 42 22 200
(mg/l) Note: LW – Lake water
RW – River water
Suspended TWa – Tube well near solid waste
solids (mg/l)
32 110 - - - TWb – Tube well away solid waste
WHO Std. – WHO Drinking Water Guidelines
DO – Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand
144 1792 1865 1498 1000
solids (mg/l) COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand
In these results, the pH of different ground water
Fluoride samples near the dumping site was ranged from 7.2 to
1.8 0.7 0.4 1.2 1.5 8.1, which were within the standard limit. The total
(mg/l)
hardness in tube well varied from 510 to 530 mg/l as
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 441
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
CaCO3 which were above the standard limit. In the Note: TS – Total Solids
same way, chloride, dissolved solids, iron and SS – Total Suspended Solids
turbidity were above the standard limit. BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand
COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
Therefore, in these results, tube wells are not
satisfactory as it is contaminated, especially, hardness, VI. Conclusion
dissolved solid, conductivity and iron. Htein Pin open dumping site was found in tube wells
are above the standard limit of physical and chemical
A. Leach ate Analysis Results parameters. As a result, there is a need of integrated
To compare leach ate results, a gallon of leach ate municipal solid waste management of dumping site to
sample is taken from Htein Pin Final Disposal Site. prevent water contamination and the regular
Then, it is sent to ISO Tech laboratory to test leach ate monitoring of the water sources nearby landfill
results. Leach ate chemical analysis results are dumping site is also required.
expressed as the above table. According to leach ate
results in 2010, TS, SS, BOD and COD results are REFERENCES
higher than 2007. This means that pollution is higher
in this final disposal site than in earlier. In 2018, these 1. Miezah K, Obiri-Danso K, Kadar Z, Fei-Baffoe B,
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involves a bulldozer spreading and compacting the towards effective waste management in Ghana.”
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the surrounding and the surface of the landfill. The
following table is the composition of leachate analysis 3. Dr. B. C. Purimla, “Environmental Engineering –
results. 2, Wastewater Engineering.”
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ANALYSIS RESULTS Engineering.”
Leach ate Results ASEAN
Sr. Parameters 5. TinPhyoHlaing, 2011 “Determination of solid
2007 2010 2018 Standard
waste composition in Mayan gone Township.”
1 TS (mg/l) 5810 5540 1888 720
2 SS (mg/l) 1560 1290 68 100 6. Mackenzie L. Davis, David A. Cornwell,
3 BOD(mg/l) 593 611 36 110 “Introduction to Environmental Engineering.”
4 COD (mg/l) 120 135 96 250
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018 Page: 442