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Terrestrial Trunked Radio - Wikipedia
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Terrestrial Trunked Radio

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Contents For other uses, see Tetra (disambiguation).
Featured content Terrestrial Trunked Radio[1] (TETRA; formerly known as Trans-European Trunked Radio), a European standard
Current events [2]
for a trunked radio system, is a professional mobile radio and two-way transceiver specification. TETRA was specifically
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designed for use by government agencies, emergency services, (police forces, fire departments, ambulance ) for public
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Wikipedia store safety networks, rail transport staff for train radios , transport services and the military.[3] Comparison between TETRA and
Project 25 : TETRA is European version of Trunked Radio similar to Project 25 .
Interaction
TETRA is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard, first version published 1995; it is
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mentioned by the European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC). [4]
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Contents
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1 Description
Contact page
2 Advantages
Tools 3 Disadvantages
What links here 4 TETRA usage
Related changes 5 Technical details
Upload file 5.1 Radio aspects
Special pages 5.2 Radio frequencies
Permanent link 5.3 Air interface encryption
Page information 5.3.1 Additional information
Wikidata item 5.4 Cell selection
Cite this page
5.4.1 Cell re-selection (or hand-over) in images
Print/export
5.4.2 Initial cell selection
5.4.3 Cell improvable
Create a book
5.4.4 Cell usable
Download as PDF
Printable version
5.4.5 Cell relinquishable (abandonable)
5.4.6 Radio down-link failure
In other projects 6 Man-machine interface (MMI)
Wikimedia Commons 6.1 Virtual MMI for TETRA radio terminals
6.2 TETRA MMI
Languages 6.3 TETRA Enhanced Data Service (TEDS)
‫العربية‬ 7 See also
Deutsch 8 References
Español 9 External links
Français
한국어
日本語
Description [ edit ]
Português
Русский TETRA uses Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) with four user channels on one radio carrier and 25 kHz spacing
中文 between carriers. Both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transfer can be used. Digital data transmission is also included
12 more in the standard though at a low data rate.
Edit links TETRA Mobile Stations (MS) can communicate direct-mode operation (DMO) or using trunked -mode operation (TMO)
using switching and management infrastructure (SwMI) made of TETRA base stations (TBS). As well as allowing direct
communications in situations where network coverage is not available, DMO also includes the possibility of using a
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

sequence of one or more TETRA terminals as relays. This functionality is called DMO gateway (from DMO to TMO) or
DMO repeater (from DMO to DMO). In emergency situations this feature allows direct communications underground or in
areas of bad coverage.
In addition to voice and dispatch services, the TETRA system supports several types of data communication. Status
messages and short data services (SDS) are provided over the system's main control channel, while packet-switched data
or circuit-switched data communication uses specifically assigned channels.
TETRA provides for authentication of terminals towards infrastructure and vice versa. For protection against
eavesdropping, air interface encryption and end-to-end encryption is available.
The common mode of operation is in a group calling mode in which a single button push will connect the user to the users
in a selected call group and/or a dispatcher . It is also possible for the terminal to act as a one-to-one walkie talkie but
without the normal range limitation since the call still uses the network. TETRA terminals can act as mobile phones (cell
phones), with a full-duplex direct connection to other TETRA Users or the PSTN . Emergency buttons, provided on the
terminals, enable the users to transmit emergency signals, to the dispatcher , overriding any other activity taking place at
the same time.
Advantages [ edit ]
The main advantages of TETRA over other technologies (such as GSM ) are:
The much lower frequency used gives longer range, which in turn permits very high levels of geographic coverage
with a smaller number of transmitters, thus cutting infrastructure costs.
During a voice call, the communications are not interrupted when moving to another network site. This is a unique
feature, which dPMR networks typically provide, that allows a number of fall-back modes such as the ability for a base
station to process local calls. So called 'mission critical' networks can be built with TETRA where all aspects are fail-
safe/multiple-redundant.
In the absence of a network, mobiles/portables can use 'direct mode' whereby they share channels directly (walkie-talkie
mode).
Gateway mode - where a single mobile with connection to the network can act as a relay for other nearby mobiles that
are out of range of the infrastructure.
TETRA also provides a point-to-point function that traditional analogue emergency services radio systems did not
provide. This enables users to have a one-to-one trunked 'radio' link between sets without the need for the direct
involvement of a control room operator/dispatcher.
Unlike cellular technologies, which connect one subscriber to one other subscriber (one-to-one), TETRA is built to do
one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many . These operational modes are directly relevant to the public safety and
professional users.
Security TETRA supports terminal registration, authentication, air-interface encryption and end-to-end
encryption.[citation needed]
Rapid deployment (transportable) network solutions are available for disaster relief and temporary capacity provision.
Network solutions are available in both reliable circuit-switched (telephone like) architectures and flat, IP architectures
with soft (software) switches.
Further information is available from the TETRA Association (formerly TETRA MoU) and the standards can be
downloaded for free from ETSI .
Disadvantages [ edit ]
Its main disadvantages are:
Requires a linear amplifier to meet the stringent RF specifications that allow it to exist alongside other radio services.
Data transfer is slow by modern standards.
Up to 7.2 kbit/s per timeslot, in the case of point-to-point connections, and 3.5 kbit/s per timeslot in case of IP
encapsulation. Both options permit the use of between one and four timeslots. Different implementations include one of the

previous connectivity capabilities, both, or none, and one timeslot or more. These rates are ostensibly faster than the
competing technologies DMR, dPMR, and P25 are capable of). Latest version of standard supports 115.2 kbit/s in 25 kHz or
up to 691.2 kbit/s in an expanded 150 kHz channel. To overcome the limitations many software vendors have begun to
consider hybrid solutions where TETRA is used for critical signalling while large data synchronization and transfer of
images and video is done over 3G / LTE.[5]
TETRA usage [ edit ]
At the end of 2009 there were 114 countries using TETRA systems in Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, Caribbean
and Latin America.[6]
The TETRA-system is in use by the public sector in the following countries. Only TETRA network infrastructure
installations are listed. TETRA being an open standard, each of these networks can use any mix of TETRA mobile terminals
from a wide range of suppliers.
Continent Country Supplier Name Agency Status

Asia China In use: Line 1
mainland EADS / Cassidian Shenyang Metro Transport Rolling out: Line
2[7]
Utility - GuangZhou
Guangzhou Electric Electric Power
DAMM TetraFlex In Use 2010
Power Emergency
Communication
EADS / Cassidian Shenzhen Metro Transport Ordered 5/2010 [8]
16th Asian Games in [8]

EADS / Cassidian Guangzhou Ordered 2010
2010
Hong Kong 2008 Beijing Olympics
Hong Kong Used from July
[9]
and Paralympic Games
EADS / Cassidian International Airport 2008 to October
(Hong Kong Equestrian
(HKIA) 2008
Event)
Hong Kong Fire Fire service and
EADS / Cassidian In use
Services Department ambulance
Hong Kong Police
Motorola / Dimetra Police In use
Force
Mass Transit Railway
Artevea Transport In use
(MTR)[10]
Hong Kong
In use since Feb
Motorola / Dimetra International Airport Transport
2009[11]
(HKIA)
India Military College of In use since 2004 at
Artevea Telecommunication Indian Army Mhow, Indore,
Engineering (MCTE) Madhya Pradesh
The First TETRA in
Delhi Metro Rail
Motorola / Dimetra Transport India, in use since
Corporation Ltd.
2002
Mumbai Mono Rail,
DAMM TetraFlex / Mass Transport - Indias
Mumbai Metropolitan [12]
Consort Digital Pvt first Monorail Project - Awarded 2010
Region Development
Ltd Mumbai
Authority (MMRDA)

TETRA with In use by police,

C-DAC Automatic Dial 100 Kerala police Trivandrum city,
(AD100) since 2008
DAMM TetraFlex /
Police and internal [13]
Consort Digital Pvt Tamil Nadu police Awarded 2011
security and safety
Ltd
Integrated
Communication
Secure System used by
HCL & Motorola Communication Delhi government various departments
Network under government
of Delhi and Delhi
police since 2010.
DAMM TetraFlex /
Gas Authority of India Gas Pipeline - Safety, [14]
Consort Digital Pvt Awarded 2011
Limited (GAIL) Telemetry and Security
Ltd
With PSTN call
BMRCL Bangalore
THALES Portugal S integration designed Transport, in use
Metro Corporation
A & Motorola by Thales Group for since March 2011
Limited
BMRCL
In use by police,
TETRA with Gurgaon city[15]
Sepura & Rohde and
Automatic Dial 100 Gurgaon police Since 2009. In
Schwarz
(AD100) Salem from August
2011.
TETRA with In use by police,
Sepura & Rohde and
Automatic Dial 100 Faridabad police Faridabad city,
Schwarz
(AD100) since 2012
Indonesia Motorola / Dimetra ,
installed & In use since 2009 at
SCADA PT. Chevron
maintained by PT. HOOU Duri, Riau,
Pacific Indonesia
Mobilkom Indonesia.
Telekomindo
Rohde & Schwarz / Anti Corruption
Anti Corruption Agency Operational
Accessnet - T Agency
Rohde & Schwarz / Jakarta State Jakarta Capital City Operational,
Accessnet-T Government Network Jakarta Installed since 2007
Macao Casino-Hotels: Altira
Melco-Crown (formerly Crown
Artevea In use since 2007
Entertainment Macau),[16] and City of
Dreams
Forças de Segurança
All emergency services In use
de Macau
Malaysia EADS Segi Maju (SEGI) Public operator In use [17]
Maldives Police
Maldives Motorola / Dimetra Police In use
Service (MPS)
NITRS Nationwide
Integrated Trunk

Radio System Project

Pakistan Motorola / Dimetra for Police under Police In use Since 2009
Ministry of Interior,
Government of
Pakistan
Philippines Motorola In use October
Dimetra/GA 2013, Phase 2 On
Shell Exploration Oil and Gas
Technology and Shore Gas Plant for
Systems Inc. Implementation
Motorola
Implementation on
Dimetra/GA Telecommunications
Globe Telecom Going Project
Technology and Carrier
Finish Dec 2013
Systems Inc.
Rohill (TetraNode)
Implemented Nov
SynTech Systems Meralco Electric Company
2014
Inc.
Rohill (TetraNode) Transport (Manila Light
Implemented Oct
SynTech Systems LRT-2 Rail Transit System
2015
Inc. Line 2)
Korea Electric Power [18]
South Korea EADS Electricity In use
Corporation (KEPCO)
Taiwan Taiwan Railways
Transport In use
Administration
Taiwan High Speed
Transport In use
Rail
Taipei Metro Transport In use
Kaohsiung Mass
Transport In use
Rapid Transit
Coast Guard
Republic of China
Administration In use
Armed Forces
(Taiwan)
Africa Algeria Rohde & Schwarz Sonatrach Oil & Gas company In use since 2003.
Sepura Sonelgaz Power utility In use.
Rolling out /
Morocco Rohill ADM Highway authority
Almost completed.
Nigeria Dizengoff/Motorola
Nigeria LNG Oil & Gas Since 2006
IL (Dimetra IP)
Cisan International
Limited/Rohill Mobil Ng Oil Since 2014
(TetraNode)
Dizengoff/Motorola
IL (Compact-Tetra Shell Ng Oil Since 2010
IP)
Satcomm Integrated Nigerian Ports
Resources LLC [19] Authority, Nigeria Rolling out
SatCom IRL/EADS (Rolling Out)
Rohill (TetraNode) Bayelsa State Government Since June 2012

Briscoe
Lagos / Abuja / Port Oil industry / Airports /
Technologies[20] / In use Since 2006
Harcourt security companies
Artevea
Namibian Police
Namibia Artevea Police In use, nationwide
Force[21]
South Africa Motorola Solutions
Police, traffic police SAPS Gauteng Gauteng province
DIMETRA
Motorola Solutions Municipality, fire, and
City of Cape Town Cape Peninsula
DIMETRA ambulance.
Mbombela Local
Rohill (TetraNode) Nelspruit, Mpumalanga Complete
Municipality
Rohill (TetraNode) City Power Johannesburg, Gauteng Complete
City of Tshwane
Rohill (TetraNode) Pretoria, Gauteng Complete
Municipality
Rustenburg Platinum
Rohill (TetraNode) Potgietersrus, Limpopo Complete
Mine
Sudan Artevea Ministry of Interior Police In use, nationwide
Ministry of Interior,
Motorolasolutions Suez Canal Authority,
Egypt MERC In use, Nationwide
Dimetra IP Oil& GAS and
commercial users
Europe In use, in all states
Police, fire, ambulance,
except Tyrol and
Austria Motorola / Dimetra TETRON and local train
Vorarlberg (still
company.
rolling out).
Belgium Police, fire, ambulance,
customs, coast guard,
hospitals, Red Cross,
Nationwide
EADS/Since 1998 A.S.T.R.I.D. department of Justice,
network
utility companies,
airports, ports, lifeguard
service, military.
Antwerp, Belgium /
Motorola 2010/ ENTROPIA Commercial & Private Roaming with
DIMETRA DIGITAL Security users.[22] Entropia Digital in
The Netherlands
Flanders &
Rohde & Schwarz
ENTROPIA Commercial & Private Brussels/Roaming
since 2011/
DIGITAL Security users.[22] with Nationwide
ACCESSNET-T
The Netherlands
Croatia Nationwide
Police, Fire Brigades,
Motorola / Dimetra MUPNet coverage (99,5%) in
Ambulance Service
use
Denmark DONG Energy Power
Utilities - Safety, [23]
DAMM TetraFlex Plants - 11 Power Awarded 2009
Security, Telemetry
Plants across Denmark
All emergency Nationwide
[24]

Motorola / Dimetra SINE authorities, incl. police, coverage (99,5%) in

fire, and ambulance. use
Estonia Rolling out
and customs
Finland Police, fire, ambulance,
Nationwide
Nokia; now EADS VIRVE customs, defence forces,
network
and border guard
Energy company
Helsingin Energia , tram
operator HKL-
Raitioliikenne, and
several bus operators on
In use, covers
HRTA's lines. Also
HelenNet greater Helsinki
used by some security
region
guard companies,
mostly securing
HRTA's transport.
Available for lease for
various short-term uses.
Germany Police, fire, ambulance,
EADS BOSNET customs, and coast Nationwide
guard.
Utility Windfarm -
Global Tech 1
Telemetry, Security and [25]
DAMM TetraFlex Offshore Wind Awarded 2012
Safety Critical
GmbH.
communications
Business Critical and
PPDR communications,
public utility and oil-gas
companies, seaports, Extensive
COSM OTE TETRA airports, public and nationwide
Services private transportation footprint,
Greece Motorola / Dimetra
Formerly branded companies, public and 70% population
OTElink (2009). private sector security coverage in 2014,
personnel, other. Data in use since 2002
applications nationwide
including SCADA,
AVL, M2M.
Ambulance, army,
Central Office for
Administrative and
Electronic Public
Services, Civil Defence,
Hungarian Prison
EDR (acronym for
Service, Hungarian
Hungary Pro-M Ltd. Unified Digital In-use
Customs and Finance
Radiosystem)
Guard, Disaster
Management, fire,
Hungarian Secret

Services, Ministry of
Environment and
Water, and police
All emergency services,
Iceland TETRA Iceland most utility companies, In-use
and private users
An Garda Siochana,
HSE National
Ambulance Service,
Irish Prison Service,
Nationwide roll-out
Irish Naval Service,
network complete.
Customs & Excise,
The fire services are
Civil Defence (Only A
planning to
Few Units), Irish Coast
implement in the
Guard, Mountain
Ireland Motorola / Dimetra TETRA Ireland coming years. As of
Rescue (Only A Few
July 2011, TETRA
Units), Order of Malta
Ireland now
Ambulance Corps, Irish
operates the
Red Cross, St John
national Paging
Ambulance, National
System.
Emergency Office, Port
of Cork, Revenue
Commissioners and
Office of Public Works.
Italy Lombardi Ambulance Ambulance - Security, [26]
DAMM TetraFlex Awarded 2010
Emergency Services Safety, Communication
Polizia di Stato (Italian
state police), Carabinieri
(military police),
Guardia di Finanza
SELEX ELSAG Rete Interpolizie (financial police), Rolling out
Polizia Penitenziaria
(prison police), and
Corpo Forestale Italiano
(Italian forest brigades)
Airport - Security,
Rome International [27]
DAMM TetraFlex Safety, Commercial, Awarded 2009
Airport
Fire, Customs, Police
Ventamonjaks Serviss
Latvia Artevea Oil and gas In use since 2007
Ltd, Ventspils[28]
Luxembourg Government; Police,
Start building 2014,
[29]
Fire Brigade,
Motorola / Dimetra Renita Operational since
Ambulance services and
2015
others
Motorola / Dimetra ConnectCom [30] Commercial network Operational
[30]
Public Transport, city of
Motorola / Dimetra ConnectCom Operational
Luxembourg
Motorola / Dimetra ConnectCom [30] European Union Operational
Civil Protection

Malta Marconi July 2001

Force[31]
In use since
November 2012
Wireless Montenegro Police, Military,
Montenegro Motorola / Dimetra Podgorica area
d.o.o. Firebrigade, Ambulance
only. Rolling out
elsewhere.
Netherlands Police, fire, and Nationwide
Motorola / Dimetra C2000 [32]
ambulance network
Nationwide
Motorola since 2007/ ENTROPIA [22]
network /Roaming
Commercial users.
Dimetra DIGITAL with Entropia
Digital in Belgium
Rotterdam area
Rohde & Schwarz
ENTROPIA Cityguards and network / Roaming
since 2010/
DIGITAL commercial use[22] with Entropia
ACCESSNET-T
Digital in Belgium
Public transport The
Motorola/ Dimetra HTM Regional network
Hague
Nationwide rollout
completed
September 2015
And Metro and

Tram in Oslo
Norwegian Public completed 2002.
Norway Motorola / Dimetra civil defense and search
Safety Radio Sporveien Metro
and rescue
and Sporveien
Tram. On Norway
Sporveien T-Banen
og Sporveien
Trikken
Nationwide roll-
Police, fire, and
Portugal Motorola SIRESP out, in use since
ambulance
2007
Poland Local TETRA
Ministry of Interior, Police, fire, public Networks in use
Motorola Polish army, and transport, airports, and since 2000; national
Warsaw police army.[33] roll-out expected to
start in 2011.
Modern IP based
Szczecin, Warsaw and
Rohill (TetraNode) Roll-out ongoing. TETRA solution for
Kraków police
3 cities
Romania Special
Police, fire, and search
Motorola / Dimetra Telecommunications Nationwide
and rescue
Service (STS)
In use since 2008
Ministry of for police,
Administration and emergency and

Motorola Dimetra Interior (MAI) / search and rescue

Romanian Border agencies from
Police (RBP) Romanian border
counties-wide
In use since 2010
Ministry of for police,
Administration and emergency and
Cassidian TETRA EADS Interior (MAI) / search and rescue
Romanian Border agencies from
Police (RBP) Romanian border
counties-wide
Russia Moscow Metro Transport - Rail -
(second most heavily Telemetry, Safety, [34]
used rapid transport Security, Police,
system in the world) Ambulance, Fire
Unified system of
operational trunking
radio (Единая
Fire, ambulance and
Sepura Система Launched in 2008
partially, police
Оперативной
Транкинговой
Радиосвязи)
Utility Power Plant -
Russias Kaliningrad Safety and Security - [35]
Power Plant. Telemetry and
Commercial agents
Government -
Ambulance and
Emergency services,
St Petersburg and Police, Healthcare [36]
North West Russia. facilities, Utility
services, St. Petersburg
Authorities and the
regional Civil Defence
Police, Fire Brigades, Fully rolled out as
Serbia Motorola / Dimetra Ministry of Interior
Ambulance of 2009
Slovenia Selex/OTE/Marconi Ministry of Interior Police In central Slovenia
Spain Motorola Basque Country Mainly police In use since 2006
Mainly municipalities
Teltronic Basque Country In use since 2009
and public services
EADS Catalonia Mainly police In use since 2006
Sweden Managed by the Civil
Contingencies Agency -
MSB. For use by the
emergency services and In operation,
others in the fields of covering 99.8% of
SAAB, Cassidian,
RAKEL civil protection, public Sweden's
Eltel Networks
safety and security, population and 95%
emergency medical of its territory

services and healthcare,

road services, nuclear
facilities.
Stockholm Public
Transport: Used by
Transport Security
Officers for dispatch
internal
communications,
Transport Police In operation / roll-
Motorola Tetra
("Tunnelbanepolisen") out
and other police forces
for liaison with
transport officials. Roll-
out stage for train
operations on
underground.
Got1 is a modern IP
based Tetra network
used in the west parts of
Rohde & Schwarz Got1 Sweden. Mainly in the In operation
Gothenburg region.
With customers like
SKF and Volvo Trucks.
United Police, fire, NHS
Kingdom ambulance services,
Border Force,
Immigration
Enforcement, some
armed forces, Highways Full emergency
Motorola / Dimetra /
Airwave Agency Traffic service roll out
Sepura
Officers, Civil complete
Contingency Services,
HM Coastguard , British
Red Cross, Highland
Council, and misc.
emergency services.
Used by all Tube
Transport for London staff and relaying
Motorola / Dimetra Connect
(London Underground ) Airwave for BTP
when underground
(Heathrow,
Use by some services Birmingham,
AirRadio AR-en
at some major airports Manchester, Glasgow,
Aberdeen)
Middle Israel Defense Forces In use by IDF,
Israel Motorola [37] Mountain Rose
East (IDF) country-wide
Mining - Safety and
Turkey DAMM TetraFlex Alacer Gold Mine Security Critical Awarded 2012 [38]

Communications
United Arab Dubai , Sharjah ,
Emirates Police, emergency Ajman , Umm Al-
services, and Qaiwain, Ras Al-
EADS/Cassidian Nedaa
professional Khaimah, and
communications Fujairah
operational
Police, emergency
services, and
EADS/Cassidian Polikom Abu Dhabi
professional
communications
Initial use for the
15th Asian Games
all games venues
inclusive of
transportation
routes for "blue
Ministry of Interior, light" services, later
Army, Police, Air Force extended to cover
Qatar EADS/Cassidian
Search and Rescue, the State of Qatar,
EMS (Medical). in use since 2006,
national roll out
complete by 2008.
Known as Qatar
Secure TETRA
Radio System
(QSTRS).
Mazatlán, Sinaloa
Latin Rohde & Schwarz / Police, Emergency
Mexico Police & Emergency Operational
America Sepura Services operational
Services
Railroad,
América Latina
Motorola communication and Operational
Logística
South licensing.
Brazil
America In operation /
Polícia Rodoviária Road patrol, country-
Teltronic / Motorola national roll-out in
Federal wide
progress
Caribbean Windward Aruba , Bonaire ,
Islands and Curaçao , Sint
Police, emergency
Leeward Maarten, Saint
services, oil and
Islands Rohill Zenitel Martin, Saba , Sint
professional
Eustatius, and
communications
Anguilla
operational
Metro: First line
operation started in
2008. 2nd line
operation started
2013. 2nd line
expansion started in

2014 and expect to

launch in 2018.
911: Operation
Metro: Railroad started in 2014 in
communication, Santo Domingo,
telemetry and PLC. with expansions in
2015. In 2016,
911: Technical and
TETRA trunking
Metro of Santo Power Systems support
radio expanded to
Domingo, and communication,
Haina and San
Dominican Operations and
Hytera National Emergency Cristobal, cities in
Republic Dispatching, Service
and Safety System 9- the southwest of
Agencies
1-1 Santo Domingo. In
communication systems
2017, the service
(Police, Public Health,
expansion of 911
Firefighters, Traffic
services using
Control Authority, Road
TETRA expanded
Support).
to the north of the
country, to cover
large cities as
Santiago, Puerto
Plata and small
villages. In 2018,
service will expand
to more cities and
villages in the north
of the country.
Oceania Australia Temco Smeltering

Tasmania - Mining,
DAMM TetraFlex BHP Billiton Awarded 2011
Commercial, Safety,
Security
Rio Tinting Mining Western Australia [39]
group Mining
Origin Energy Australian Pacific
Damm TetraFlex Kordia Solutions
(APLNG)[40] Project
Fortescue Metals [41]
DAMM TetraFlex Open Cut Mining Awarded 2011
group
Gorgon LNG Project, [42]
DAMM TetraFlex Gas and Pipelines Awarded 2011
Chevron, Australia
Operational across
Brisbane City
Council, including
Motorola Zeon Local government
the Brisbane State
Emergency Service
Unit
Military, Defence,
Australian Submarine
DAMM TetraFlex Comms, Safety, Awarded 2012
Co
Security
Used by

Queensland
Motorola Zeon Tertiary education University of
Technology
security staff.
Being used by
several Mining
Operations
throughout Western
Sepura
Australia and
Queensland -
Terminals only - No
Infrastructure.
New Zealand Aluminium Smelter -
DAMM TetraFlex BHP One Steel Ore production - Safety, Awarded 2012
Security, Operations
Used by Wellington
International
Kordia KorKor Airports
Airport, Air New
Zealand
Used by Hutt City,
Kordia KorKor Councils
Auckland Transport
Used by University
Commercial Network
Teltronic Widarcom of Auckland,
launched 2008
Westpac
Technical details [ edit ]
Radio aspects [ edit ]
For its modulation TETRA, uses π⁄4 differential quadrature phase-shift keying. The symbol (baud) rate is 18,000 symbols
per second, and each symbol maps to 2 bits, thus resulting in 36,000 bit/s gross.
As a form of phase shift keying is used to transmit data during each burst, it would seem reasonable to expect the transmit
power to be constant. However it is not. This is because the sidebands , which are essentially a repetition of the data in the
main carrier's modulation, are filtered off with a sharp filter so that unnecessary spectrum is not used up. This results in an
amplitude modulation and is why TETRA requires linear amplifiers. The resulting ratio of peak to mean (RMS) power is
3.65 dB. If non-linear (or not-linear enough) amplifiers are used, the sidebands re-appear and cause interference on adjacent
channels. Commonly used techniques for achieving the necessary linearity include Cartesian loops, and adaptive
predistortion.
The base stations normally transmit continuously and (simultaneously) receive continuously from various mobiles on
different carrier frequencies; hence the TETRA system is a frequency-division duplex (FDD) system. TETRA also uses
FDMA/TDMA (see above) like GSM. The mobiles normally only transmit on 1 slot/4 and receive on 1 slot/4 (instead of 1
slot/8 for GSM).
Speech signals in TETRA are sampled at 8 kHz and then compressed with a vocoder using algebraic code-excited linear
prediction (ACELP). This creates a data stream of 4.567 kbit/s. This data stream is error-protection encoded before
transmission to allow correct decoding even in noisy (erroneous) channels. The data rate after coding is 7.2 kbit/s. The
capacity of a single traffic slot when used 17/18 frames.
A single slot consists of 255 usable symbols, the remaining time is used up with synchronisation sequences and turning
on/off, etc. A single frame consists of 4 slots, and a multiframe (whose duration is 1.02 seconds) consists of 18 frames.
Hyperframes also exist, but are mostly used for providing synchronisation to encryption algorithms.

The downlink (i.e., the output of the base station) is normally a continuous transmission consisting of either specific
communications with mobile(s), synchronisation or other general broadcasts. All slots are usually filled with a burst even if
idle (continuous mode). Although the system uses 18 frames per second only 17 of these are used for traffic channels, with
the 18th frame reserved for signalling, Short Data Service messages (like SMS in GSM) or synchronisation. The frame
structure in TETRA (17.65 frames per second), consists of 18,000 symbols/s; 255 symbols/slot; 4 slots/frame, and is the
cause of the perceived "amplitude modulation" at 17 Hz and is especially apparent in mobiles/portables which only
transmit on one slot/4. They use the remaining three slots to switch frequency to receive a burst from the base station two
slots later and then return to their transmit frequency (TDMA).
Radio frequencies [ edit ]
TETRA frequencies in South

America
Frequency pair (MHz)
Number
Band 1 Band 2
Emergency systems
1 380–383 390–393
2 383–385 393–395
Civil systems
1 410–420 420–430
2 870–876 915–921
3 450–460 460–470
4 385–390 395–399.9
TETRA frequencies in other countries

Country Allocation Frequency pairs (MHz)
France Civilian/private 410–430
Emergency services 380–400
Belgium Emergency services/civilian 380–385, 390-395
Germany Emergency services 380–385, 390–395, 406 - 410 for DMO
Ireland [43] Civilian/private 385–389.9, 395–399.9
Emergency services 380–385, 390–395
Italy Emergency services / armed forces 380–390
Civilian/private 462
Norway [44] Emergency services 380–385, 390–395, 406.1–426, 870–876
South Africa Emergency services, Public Works 420-423
UK Airwave 390.0125–394.9875, 380.0125–384.9875
AirRadio 454, 464 or 460
Saudi Arabia 350–370, 380–395, 385–399.99, 410–430, 450–470, 870–921
Air interface encryption [ edit ]
To provide confidentiality the TETRA air interface is encrypted using one of the TETRA Encryption Algorithm (TEA)
ciphers. The encryption provides confidentiality (protect against eavesdropping) as well as protection of signalling.
Currently 4 different ciphers are defined. These TEA ciphers should not be confused with the block cipher Tiny Encryption
Algorithm. The TEA ciphers have different availability due to export and use restrictions. Few details are published

concerning these proprietary ciphers. Riess[45] mentions in early TETRA design documents that encryption should be done
with a stream cipher , due to the property of not propagating transmission errors. Parkinson[46] later confirms this and
explains that TEA is a stream cipher with 80-bit keys. TEA1 and TEA4 provide basic level security, and are meant for
commercial use.[47] The TEA2 cipher is restricted to European public safety organisations. The TEA3 cipher is for
situations where TEA2 is suitable but not available.[48]
Additional information [ edit ]

Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 7: Security[49]
Cell selection [ edit ]
Cell re-selection (or hand-over) in images [ edit ]
This first representation demonstrates where the slow reselect threshold (SRT),
the fast reselect threshold (FRT), and propagation delay exceed parameters are
most likely to be. These are represented in association with the decaying radio
carrier as the distance increases from the TETRA Base Station .
From this illustration, these SRT and FRT triggering points are associated to
the decaying radio signal strength of the respective cell carriers. The thresholds
RSSI SRT FRT Cell Limit
are situated so that the cell reselection procedures occur on time and assure
(Propagation Delay Exceed)
communication continuity for on-going communication calls.
Initial cell selection [ edit ]
The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell initial selection.
The initial cell selection is performed by procedures located in the MLE and in
the MAC. When the cell selection is made, and possible registration is
performed, the mobile station (MS) is said to be attached to the cell. The
mobile is allowed to initially select any suitable cell that has a positive C1
value; i.e., the received signal level is greater than the minimum receive level
for access parameter.
Cell initial selection
The initial cell selection procedure shall ensure that the MS selects a cell in
which it can reliably decode downlink data (i.e., on a main control
channel/MCCH), and which has a high probability of uplink communication. The minimum conditions that shall have to be
met are that C1 > 0. Access to the network shall be conditional on the successful selection of a cell.
At mobile switch on, the mobile makes its initial cell selection of one of the base stations, which indicates the initial
exchanges at activation.
Refer to EN 300 392 2 16.3.1 Activation and control of underlying MLE Service
Note 18.5.12 Minimum RX access level
The minimum receive access level information element shall indicate the minimum received signal level required at the
SwMI in a cell, either the serving cell or a neighbour cell as defined in table 18.24.
Cell improvable [ edit ]
The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell becomes
improvable. The serving cell becomes improvable when the following occurs:
the C1 of the serving cell is below the value defined in the radio network
parameter cell reselection parameters, slow reselect threshold for a period of 5
seconds, and the C1 or C2 of a neighbour cell exceeds the C1 of the serving cell
by the value defined in the radio network parameter cell reselection parameters,
slow reselect hysteresis for a period of 5 seconds.
Cell improvable

Cell usable [ edit ]
The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell becomes usable.
A neighbour cell becomes radio usable when the cell has a downlink radio
connection of sufficient quality.
The following conditions must be met in order to declare a neighbour cell radio
usable: The neighbour cell has a path loss parameter C1 or C2 that is, for a
period of 5 seconds, greater than the fast reselect threshold plus the fast reselect
threshold, and the service level provided by the neighbour cell is higher than Cell Usable
that of the serving cell. No successful cell reselection shall have taken place
within the previous 15 seconds unless MM requests a cell reselection. The MS-
MLE shall check the criterion for serving cell relinquishment as often as one neighbour cell is scanned or monitored.
The following conditions will cause the MS to rate the neighbour cell to have higher service level than the current serving
cell:
The MS subscriber class is supported on the neighbour cell but not on the serving cell.
The neighbour cell is a priority cell and the serving cell is not.
The neighbour cell supports a service (that is, TETRA standard speech, packet data, or encryption) that is not supported
by the serving cell and the MS requires that service to be available.
The cell service level indicates that the neighbour cell is less loaded than the serving cell.
Cell relinquishable (abandonable) [ edit ]
The next diagram illustrates where a given TETRA radio cell becomes
relinquishable (abandonable). The serving cell becomes relinquishable when
the following occurs: the C1 of the serving cell is below the value defined in
the radio network parameter cell reselection parameters, fast reselect threshold,
for a period of 5 seconds, and the C1 or C2 of a neighbour cell exceeds the C1
of the serving cell by the value defined in the radio network parameter cell
reselection parameters, fast reselect hysteresis, for a period of 5 seconds.
Cell relinquishable
No successful cell reselection shall have taken place within the previous 15
seconds unless Mobility Management (MM) requests a cell reselection. The
MS-MLE shall check the criterion for serving cell relinquishment as often as one neighbour cell is scanned or monitored.
Radio down-link failure [ edit ]
When the FRT threshold is breached, the MS is in a situation where it is

essential to relinquish (or abandon) the serving cell and obtain another of at
least usable quality. That is to say, the mobile station is aware that the radio
signal is decaying rapidly, and must cell reselect rapidly, before
communications are terminated because of radio link failure. When the mobile
station radio-signal breaches the minimum receive level, the radio is no longer
in a position to maintain acceptable communications for the user, and the radio
Radio down-link failure
link is broken.
Radio link failure: (C1 < 0). Using the suggested values, this would be satisfied
with the serving cell level below −105 dBm. Cell reselection procedures are then activated in order to find a suitable radio
base station.
Infrastructure TETRA parameters guide[a]

Coverage Parameter Distance (km) Type of communication
City <4 <8 Pedestrian/metro
Sub-urban 10–18 20–36 Bus/train
Countryside 18–31 36–62 Inter-regional train

In Air > 32 > 64 In flight
a. ^ Data to be verified
Man-machine interface (MMI) [ edit ]
Virtual MMI for TETRA radio terminals [ edit ]
Any given TETRA radio terminal using Java (Java ME /CLDC) based technology, provides the end user with the
communication rights necessary to fulfil his or her work role on any short duration assignment.
For dexterity, flexibility, and evolution ability, the public transportation radio engineering department, have chosen to use
the open sources, Java language specification administered by Sun and the associated work groups in order to produce a
transport application tool kit.
TETRA MMI [ edit ]
Service acquisition admits different authorised agents to establish communication channels between different services by
calling the service identity, and without possessing the complete knowledge of the ISSI, GSSI, or any other TETRA related
communication establishment numbering plan. Service acquisition is administered through a communication rights
centralised service or roll allocation server, interfaced into the TETRA core network.
In summary, the TETRA MMI aims are to:
Allow any given agent while in exercise, to exploit any given radio terminal without materiel constraint.
Provide specific transportation application software to the end-user agents (service acquisition, fraud, and aggression
control).
This transport application tool-kit has been produced successfully and with TETRA communication technology and
assures for the public transport application requirements for the future mentioned hereafter.
The home (main) menu presents the end user with three possibilities:
1. Service acquisition,
2. Status SDS,
3. End-user parameters.
Service acquisition provides a means of virtually personalising the end user to any given radio terminal and onto TETRA
network for the duration the end user conserves the terminal under his possession.
Status SDS provides the end user with a mechanism for generating a 440 Hz repeating tone that signals a fraud occurrence
to members within the same (dynamic or static) Group Short Subscriber Identity (GSSI) or to a specific Individual Short
Subscriber Identity (ISSI ) for the duration of the assignment (an hour, a morning patrol or a given short period allocated to
the assignment). The advantage being that each of the end users may attach themselves to any given terminal, and group for
short durations without requiring any major reconfiguration by means of radio software programming tools. Similarly, the
aggression feature functions, but with a higher tone frequency (880 Hz), and with a quicker repetitious nature, so to
highlight the urgency of the alert.
The parameters tab provides an essential means to the terminal end-user allowing them to pre-configure the target
(preprogrammed ISSI or GSSI ) destination communication number. With this pre-programmed destination number, the
end-user shall liaise with the destination radio terminal or roll allocation server, and may communicate, in the group, or
into a dedicated server to which the service acquisition requests are received, preprocessed, and ultimately dispatched
though the TETRA core network. This simplifies the reconfiguration or recycling configuration process allowing flexibility
on short assignments.
The parameters tab also provides a means of choosing between preselected tones to match the work group requirements for
the purposes of fraud and aggression alerts. A possibility of selecting any given key available from the keypad to serve as an
aggression or fraud quick key is also made possible though the transport application software tool kit. It is recommend to
use the asterisk and the hash keys for the fraud and aggression quick keys respectively. For the fraud and aggression tones,

it is also recommend to use 440 Hz slow repeating tone (blank space 500 milli-seconds) and 880 Hz fast repeating tone
(blank space 250 milliseconds) respectively. The tone options are as follows: 440 Hz, 620 Hz, 880 Hz, and 1060 Hz.
The parameters page provides an aid or help menu and the last tab within parameters describes briefly the tool kit the
version and the history of the transport application tool kit to date.
TETRA Enhanced Data Service (TEDS) [ edit ]
The TETRA Association, working with ETSI, developed the TEDS standard, a wideband data solution, which enhances
TETRA with a much higher capacity and throughput for data. In addition to those provided by TETRA, TEDS uses a range
of adaptive modulation schemes and a number of different carrier sizes from 25 kHz to 150 kHz. Initial implementations of
TEDS will be in the existing TETRA radio spectrum, and will likely employ 50 kHz channel bandwidths as this enables an
equivalent coverage footprint for voice and TEDS services. TEDS performance is optimised for wideband data rates, wide
area coverage and spectrum efficiency.[50]
Advances in DSP technology have led to the introduction of multi-carrier transmission standards employing QAM
modulation. WiMAX, Wi-Fi and TEDS standards are part of this family.
Refer also to:
JSR-118 ;
Mobile Information Device Profile, JSR-37 ;
Wireless Messaging API, JSR120 ;
Connected Limited Device Configuration, JSR-139 ; and
Technology for the Wireless Industry, JTWI-185 .
See also [ edit ]
Digital mobile radio , a TDMA digital radio standard from ETSI

Digital private mobile radio , an FDMA digital radio standard from ETSI
NXDN, a two-way FDMA digital radio protocol from Icom and JVC Kenwood
P25 , a TIA APCO standard
TETRAPOL , (previously MATRA)
*dPMR
NXDN
References [ edit ]
1. ^ ETSI EN 300 392-2 v3.2.1

2. ^ "TETRA Association" . TETRA Association. 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
3. ^ "TETRA - PST" . PST. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
4. ^ "Guide to the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC (April 20, 2009)" . pp. 9–10.
5. ^ Smartphone app/apps over TETRA - Crystal Code AB . Crystalcode.co.uk. Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
6. ^ "TETRA Industry Group - TETRA around the world - Countries" . Tetrahealth.info. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
7. ^ "Shenyang Metro" . Railway Technology. 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
8. ^ a b "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
9. ^ "HOME" . Cassidian.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
10. ^ "TETRA : Artevea Digital Limited : Digital Radio Communication" . Artevea.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
11. ^ "Motorola Media Center - Press Releases - Motorola Completes Upgrade to TETRA Digital Radio System for
Hong Kong International Airport" . Mediacenter.motorola.com. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
12. ^ 1st Monorail Project in India awarded to DAMM . Damm.dk (2010-08-11). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
13. ^ Tamil Nadu Police . Damm.dk (2011-01-31). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
14. ^ DAMM chosen to provide communication for GAIL pipeline in India . Damm.dk (2011-07-12). Retrieved on
2013-07-16.
15. ^ "Gurgaon Police goes Hi-Tech" . Retrieved 2013-01-14.

17. ^ Launch of digital trunked radio service in Malaysia

18. ^ TETRA Association Archived November 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
19. ^ http://www.satcomng.com/index.php#.UYo6j8omzdI
20. ^ briscoetechnologies.com
22. ^ a b c d entropia.eu
23. ^ DAMM supplies safe TETRA communication for DONG Energy Power Plants . Damm.dk (2009-09-02).
Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
24. ^ http://www.sikkerhedsnet.dk/about+sine
25. ^ Global Tech 1 Offshore Wind farm relies on DAMM Infrastructure . Damm.dk (2012-08-27). Retrieved on 2013-
07-16.
26. ^ TetraFlex for Public Safety in Lodi, Italy . Damm.dk (2010-02-02). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
27. ^ Rome International Airport chooses DAMM as supplier for Mission Critical Communication . Damm.dk (2009-
09-14). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
28. ^ {{cite web|url=http://www.artevea.com/casestudies-detail.php?type=case&id=11 |title=TETRA : Artevea Digital
Limited : Digital Radio Communication |publisher=Artevea.com |date= |accessdate=2012-03-28}}
29. ^ renita.lu
30. ^ a b c connectcom.lu
31. ^ http://www.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?
archive_id=0&page_id=95989222&page_url=//www.marconi.net/html/news/maltachoosesmarconitetra.htm&page_
last_updated=2001-08-05T01:38:07&firstName=Peter&lastName=Cordina
32. ^ c2000.nl
33. ^ "TETRA Forum Poland" . Tetraforum.pl. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
34. ^ Moscow Metro . Damm.dk (2011-01-04). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
35. ^ Kaliningrad biggest Power Plant chooses DAMM’s TetraFlex system for safety reasons . Damm.dk (2009-10-
01). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
36. ^ DAMM deployed for regional network in North West Russia . Damm.dk (2011-08-22). Retrieved on 2013-07-
16.
37. ^ "Wide Area Military Voice & Data Infrastructure Solutions based on COTS technology" (PDF). Retrieved
2012-03-28.
38. ^ DAMM's TetraFlex® chosen for Alacer Gold Mining operation . Damm.dk (2012-11-05). Retrieved on 2013-07-
16.
39. ^ Rio Tinto Mining Group continues to deploy DAMM’s TetraFlex . Damm.dk (2009-08-03). Retrieved on 2013-
07-16.
40. ^ http://www.kordia.com.au/LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=130443
41. ^ Fortescue Metals Group Ltd deploy DAMM . Damm.dk (2011-03-18). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.
42. ^ World’s largest LNG project to roll-out DAMM’s TetraFlex® . Damm.dk (2010-04-26). Retrieved on 2013-07-
16.
43. ^ National Table of Frequency Allocations , Ireland.
44. ^ National Table of Frequency Allocations , Norway.
45. ^ Riess, H.P. (1994). "Cryptographic security for the new trans-European trunked radio (TETRA) standard" .
Security and Cryptography Applications to Radio Systems, IEE Colloquium on. pp. 3/1–3/5. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
(subscription required)
46. ^ DW Parkinson (2001-07-01). "TETRA Security" . BT Technology Journal, Volume 19. pp. 81–88.
doi:10.1023/A:1011942300054 . Retrieved 2010-03-25.
47. ^ Doug Gray, An Overview of TETRA , etsi.org .
48. ^ Gert Roelofsen (1999). "Cryptographic algorithms in telecommunications systems" . Information Security
Technical Report, Volume 4, Issue 1: 29–37. doi:10.1016/S1363-4127(99)80004-1 . Retrieved 2010-03-25.
49. ^ http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300300_300399/30039207/02.01.01_60/en_30039207v020101p.pdf
50. ^ http://www.cmlmicro.com/Press/briefs/index.asp?/Press/briefs/teds_1.htm
External links [ edit ]
Report on the health effects of TETRA by NRPB

TETRA in use by radio amateurs

TETRA and Critical Communications Association (TCCA)
v·t·e Digital two-way radio standards [show]
v·t·e Trunked radio systems [show]
Tetra in Geary's 430.00MHZ 1525MHZ
Categories : Trunked radio systems Mobile telecommunications standards Emergency communication

Rail transport mobile telecommunications standards
This page was last edited on 26 March 2018, at 11:56.
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Terrestrial Trunked Radio - Wikipedia

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Terrestrial Trunked Radio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

Its main disadvantages are:

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TETRA usage [ edit ]

Continent Country Supplier Name Agency Status

16th Asian Games in [8]

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TETRA with In use by police,

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Radio System Project

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

Motorola / Dimetra SINE authorities, incl. police, coverage (99,5%) in

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

Malta Marconi July 2001

And Metro and

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Motorola Dimetra Interior (MAI) / search and rescue

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

services and healthcare,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

2014 and expect to

Oceania Australia Temco Smeltering

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Technical details [ edit ]

Radio aspects [ edit ]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

Radio frequencies [ edit ]

TETRA frequencies in South

TETRA frequencies in other countries

Air interface encryption [ edit ]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

Additional information [ edit ]

Cell selection [ edit ]

Cell re-selection (or hand-over) in images [ edit ]

Initial cell selection [ edit ]

Cell improvable [ edit ]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

Cell usable [ edit ]

Cell relinquishable (abandonable) [ edit ]

Radio down-link failure [ edit ]

When the FRT threshold is breached, the MS is in a situation where it is

Infrastructure TETRA parameters guide[a]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

In Air > 32 > 64 In flight

Man-machine interface (MMI) [ edit ]

Virtual MMI for TETRA radio terminals [ edit ]

TETRA MMI [ edit ]

In summary, the TETRA MMI aims are to:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

TETRA Enhanced Data Service (TEDS) [ edit ]

Refer also to:

See also [ edit ]

Digital mobile radio , a TDMA digital radio standard from ETSI

1. ^ ETSI EN 300 392-2 v3.2.1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_Trunked_Radio[4/14/2018 3:38:03 PM]

17. ^ Launch of digital trunked radio service in Malaysia

External links [ edit ]