5/29/15

TATLONG PANUKAT:
Development, Validation, and Applications
of Filipino Personality Tests

The Enriquez Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao

Ma. Angeles Guanzon Lapeña
De La Salle University

Time started: ___ Time ended: ___

INSTRUCTIONS
•  For “etnisidad,” please write whether you
are an Ilocano, a Kapampangan, Tagalog,
Ilonggo, Cebuano, Filipino-Chinese, etc.

•  Write also the time you started and the

time you ended taking the PUP.

1
 5/29/15

PUP SCORING TEMPLATE No. 8: PAGKAMAPAGKUMBABA PAGKAKAILA

PPRTH/magl/1997

PUP norming study 1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45. 1 2 3 4 5
81. 1 2 3 4 5
82. 1 2 3 4 5
83.
84.
85.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
HH – 1
H–2
6. 46. 86. 126.
7. 47. 1 2 3 4 5 87. 127. ?–3
•  Please sign the informed consent form if
8. 48. 88. 128.
9. 49. 89. 129.
10. 5 4 3 2 1 50. 90. 130.
T–4
you agree to submitting your data for PUP
11. 51. 91. 131.
12. 52. 92. 132.
13.
14.
53.
54.
93.5 4 3 2 1
94.
133.
134.
TT – 5
norming purposes. 15.

16.
55.

56. 1 2 3 4 5
95.

96.
135.

136.
17.
18.
57.
58.
97.
98.
137.
138. PAGKAKAILA
•  If you sign the form, I will send to you a 19.
20.
59.
60.
99. 1 2 3 4 5
100.
139.
140.

21. 61. 101. 141.

•  Item 45
Google docs link on June 6 for you to fill 22.
23.
24.
62.
63.
64.
102.
103.
104.
142.
143.
144.
•  Item 47
out a short survey similar to the ones you
25. 65. 105. 145.

26. 66. 106. 146.

27. 67. 107. 147.
•  Item 68
answered today.
28. 68. 1 2 3 4 5 108. 148.
29. 69. 1 2 3 4 5 109. 149.
30. 70. 110. 150.

31. 1 2 3 4 5 71. 111. 151.

•  Item 69
•  By June 13, you will receive a summary
32. 5 4 3 2 1 72. 112. 152.
33.
34.
35.
73.
74.
75.
113.
114.
115.
153.
154.
155.
•  Item 91
report of your PUP scores. 36.
37.
38.
76. 1 2 3 4 5
77.
78.
116.
117.
118.
156.
157.
158.
•  Item 92
39.
40.
79.
80.
119.
120.
159.
160. •  Item 99

PUP SCORING TEMPLATE No. 10: PAGKAMAGALANG KAUGALIAN

PPRTH/magl/1997

1. 41. 81. 121.

2. 42. 82. 122.

PAGKAKAILA 3.
4.
5.
43.
44.
45.
83.
84.
85. 1 2 3 4 5
123.
124.
125.

•  Item 45 HH – 1 •  Mode as indicator of 6.

7.
46.
47.
86.
87.
126.
127.5 4 3 2 1

•  Item 47 H–2 Pagkakaila 8.

9.
48.
49.
88.
89.
128.
129.
10. 50. 90. 130.

?–3 •  If 4 or more of the item 11. 51. 91. 131.

•  Item 68 12. 52. 92. 132.

scores are >3, the whole 13.

14.
53.
54.
93.
94.
133.
134.5 4 3 2 1

•  Item 69 T–4 15. 1 2 3 4 5 55. 1 2 3 4 5 95. 135.

test’s scores are 16. 56. 96. 1 2 3 4 5 136.

•  Item 91 TT – 5 invalidated.
17.
18.
19.
57.
58.
59.
97.
98.
99.
137.
138.
139.
20. 1 2 3 4 5 60. 100. 140.1 2 3 4 5
•  Item 92 21. 61. 1 2 3 4 5 101. 141.
22. 62. 102. 142.

•  Item 99 23.
24.
25.
63.
64. 1 2 3 4 5
65.
103.
104.
105.
143.1 2 3 4 5
144.
145.

26. 66. 106. 146.

27. 67. 107. 147.
28. 68. 108. 148.
29. 69. 109. 149.
30. 70. 110. 150.

31. 71. 111. 151.

32. 72. 112. 152.
33. 73. 113. 153.
34. 74. 114. 154.
35. 75. 115. 155.

36. 76. 116. 156.

37. 77. 117. 157.
38. 78. 118. 158.
39. 79. 119. 159.
40. 80. 120. 160.

KAUGALIAN
Score Interpretation
•  Item 15 HH – 1 •  Mode as indicator of
•  Item 20 H–2 KAUGALIAN Mean Description
•  If 4 or more of the item
•  Item 55 ?–3
scores are < 3, the whole
above 4.330 high
•  Item 61 T–4 3.670 - 4.330 above average
test’s scores are
•  Item 64 TT – 5 invalidated. 2.330 - 3.665 average
•  Item 85
1.664 - 2.325 below average
•  Item 96
below 1.664 low

2
 5/29/15

WAYS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

IN THE PHILIPPINES PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
Focus on Applicability of Psychological Tests
(Guanzon, 1983, in Marcelino & Pua, 1999)
•  “angat-patong” approach
•  Indiscriminate •  Indigenization from
•  test adaptation application of without
test development
–  “apples to bananas” “foreign” theories
test adaptation
"angat-patong" –  development of local norms and methods
•  indigenization from
–  test translation
within

•  local test development

INDIGENIZATION
CULTURE AS SOURCE
CULTURE AS TARGET

From within
USED EXPLORATION

IMPORTANT
MODIFIED OR
CONCEPTS
TRANSLATED
IDENTIFIED

STUDIED
LINKS BETWEEN
AND AMONG

A B
CONCEPTS
DETERMINED
FOREIGN
THEORY OR THEORY
METHOD FORMULATION
From without

precise accurate
inaccurate imprecise

A B

3
 5/29/15

inaccuracy = imprecision =
ERROR ERROR

A B

systematic random
error error inaccurate = invalid
INVALIDITY UNRELIABILITY precise = reliable

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

imprecise = unreliable
accurate = valid

4
 5/29/15

Key concepts in
understanding Filipino
PANUKAT ng UGALI personality
at PAGKATAO Sikolohiyang Pilipino
(PUP) Pagkatao
Loob
Kapwa

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO

A psychology rooted in its Malayo- kamalayan emotive and cognitive experience

Polynesian and Asian heritage. ulirat awareness of one’s immediate
surroundings
A psychology based on the isip knowledge and understanding
experience, ideas, and orientation of diwa habits, traits, behaviors
the Filipino. kalooban internal feelings and perceptions
The systematic and scientific study, kaluluwa psyche (through which the soul or
appreciation, and application of conscience of a people may be
indigenous knowledge of, for, and by studied)
the Filipinos of their own psychological
make-up, society, and culture.

Levels of Interaction
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
Ibang-Tao Category
(Outsider)
Affect, Behaviour and Cognition Pakikitungo being civil
Pakikisalamuha mixing with
Body, Mind and Spirit Pakikilahok
Pakikibagay
joining/participating
conforming
Pakikisama adjusting

5
 5/29/15

Levels of Interaction Filipino Value Orientation

collectivism vs. individualism

Hindi Ibang-Tao Category importance of group over individual
(One-of-Us) particularism vs. universalism
dominance of relationship over rules
mutually trusting Pakikipagpalagayang-loob neutrality vs. emotionality
getting involved Pakikisangkot range of feelings
being one with Pakikiisa diffusion vs. specificity
range of involvement
ascription vs. achievement
accordance of status

About the PUP About the PUP

•  The ‘Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao’ (PUP)
•  Virgilio G. Enriquez and Almonte, 1975
aims to tap specific values, traits and
behavioral dimensions relevant or meaningful
•  V. Enriquez and Ma.Angeles C. Guanzon, to the study of the Southeast Asian
1985 personality.

§  Presented to the international scientific
community in 1981 at the International
Conference on Personality Assessment
(Enriquez and Guanzon, 1981)
•  Trait definitions, values, behavioral and
attitudinal dimensions were taken from
proverbs, social sciences studies,
dictionaries, word associations and interviews
with informants

Test Development Test Development

•  First form of PUP consisted of 150 randomized items on
13 traits (mahiyain, pikon, sumpungin, matiyaga,
mapagmasid/mausisa, maramdamin, matulungin, sunod
sunoran, matigas ang ulo,mapag-isa, mapagkumbaba,
malakas/mahina ang loob ang mahirap kausapin)
•  Form A [yellow booklet] 2nd edition (1982)
personality tapping traits, values and behaviours
and form B [green booklet] (items are
determined rationally)

•  pretest data analysis on the first form yielded a second
set of 12 traits (ambisyoso, sigurista, kuripot , magalang,
malikhain, mapagtimpi, palaaway,pintasera,relihiyosa,
responsible, mapagbigay and salawahan)
•  Form A was translated into different language
versions:
Bicolano, Cebuano, Ilocano, Ilonggo, Waray,
Maranao, English and Bahasa Indonesia

6
 5/29/15

Factor 1: Balat-Sibuyas-Kalabaw sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa tao at lipunan. Factor 2: Pakikipagkapwa

Masasabing mahihina ang kanilang loob Subalit maaari rin na sila’y pagkamahiyain, hindi sumpungin,

dahil sa kanilang pagiging pagkamaramdamin, malakas, matatag at buo ang loob,

pagkapikon at mapagkumbaba at
pagkamahirap kausapin. matulungin,
sunud-sunuran, mahirap kausapin,
bagamat hindi gaanong matiyaga.
maramdamin at mausisa,
mapagkumbaba. matigas ang ulo,
pikon at
sumpungin.

Factor 4: Pagsunod
Factor 3: Popular na paniniwala tungkol sa mga Kaugalian ng mga Pilipino kahinaan ng loob mahirap kausapin at
mahina ang loob, matiyaga at pagkamahiyain, pikon
mapagkumbaba at mausisa maramdamin at
matulungin. sunud-sunuran katigasan ng ulo,
pagkamatiyaga at
pagkamausisa.

Factor 5: Kababaan ng Loob

di-mapagmalaki di madaling sumuko, Factor 6: Sumpong Factor 7: Pagkakaila
di-mapagkait. sakali mang sila ay magdesisyong
hindi mahirap kausapin, makipagsapalaran. hindi nabibiro at buo at matigas ang loob
hindi sumpungin at hindi madaling sumuko. may mga kaugaliang pinaniniwalaan at
walang sariling pagpapasiya. pinaninindigan,
hindi mausisa.

7
 5/29/15

Overview of the PUP 24 Trait Scales

•  ambisyon (ambition)
•  katipiran (thriftiness)
•  katiyagaan (perseverance)
•  In its present form, the 160-item PUP is in •  hirap kausapin
(approachability)
Filipino with English translations for all of •  lakas ng loob (guts/daring)
its items. •  pagkamaalalahanin
(thoughtfulness)
–  24 trait scales (consisting of 119 items) which •  pagkamagalang
(respectfulness)
tap selected personality dimensions •  pagkamausisa
(inquisitiveness)
–  2 validity checks (consisting of 14 items) •  pagkapalaaway
(aggressiveness)
–  19 items of “inaaming ugali” •  pagkapikon (low tolerance for
joking/teasing)
–  8 distractor items •  pagkaresponsable
(responsibleness)
•  pagkasalawahan
(ficklemindendess)
•  pagkasigurista (risk-taking)
•  pagkasunud-sunuran
(conformity)
•  sumpong (mood)
•  tigas ng ulo (stubbornness)
•  pagkamahiyain (shyness/
timidity)
•  Pagkamapagbigay(generosity)
•  Pagkamapagkumbaba
(humility)
•  pagkamatulungin(helpfulness)
•  pagkamapunahin(criticalness)
•  pagkamaramdamin
(senstiveness)
•  pagkamapagtimpi (restraint)
•  pagkamalikhain (creativity)

2 Internal validity checks 19 Identifier Items

Pagkakaila (Denial)
7 items which respondents are
expected not to agree with.
e.g. Palagi akong masaya.” (I am
always happy)
(If there are 4 or more “TT” or “T”
responses, his/her responses on
the test are considered invalid.)
Kaugalian (Cultural Norms)
7 items with which the respondents
are expected to agree, because of
the influence on the Filipino culture
on their personality.
e.g. Handa kong alagaan ang aking
mga magulang sa kanilang
katandaan bilang ganti sa kanilang
pag-aaruga sa akin sa aking
kabitaan. ‘I am prepared to
take care of my parents in their old
age in return for their caring for me
in my childhood.’
(4 or more “HH” or “H” responses
invalidate the whole test’s scores.
items tapping behavioral, attitudinal or personality (15)
characteristics which respondents may directly admit or deny
•  Pagkamadasalain •  Atityud sa sekswalidad na
(prayerfulness) extramarital (attitude towards
•  kasipagan (industriousness) extramarital sex)
•  karangyaan (luxury) •  Atityud sa homosekswalidad
•  katapatan (sincerity/loyalty) (attitude towards
•  may kusang loob (initiative) homosexuality)
•  madalas maaksidente •  pagsusugal (gambling)
(accident-prone) •  pag-inom ng alak (drinking)
•  maninigarilyo (smokers) •  pananakit sa sarili
•  Atityud sa sekswalidad bago (aggression towards self)
mag asawa (attitude towards •  malikhain (creativity)
premarital sex) •  mamimilosopo
(contemplativeness)

19 Identifier Items
•  gambling behavior: “I am prone to gambling,”
•  drinking behavior: “I am prone to drinking
alcohol,”
•  praying behavior: “I do not forget to pray, even
when I have no particular wish or problem,”
•  accident-proneness: “I don’t know why, but I
often get hurt or meet accidents.”
Reliability and Validity
A test-retest reliability study was done by Alfonso et
al. (1989). Test-retest reliability coefficient was .94,
which was significant at p<.01 reliability coefficient
per subscale.25 to .70.
Bernardo, Lazo and Llamas (1987) reported test-
retest reliabilities of.42, .69 and .60 for malikhain,
pagkamaramdamin and pagkamatiyaga subscales.
Specific scales of Enriquez’ PUP (Panukat ng Ugali
at Pagkatao) and Carlota’s PPP (Panukat ng
Pagkataong Pilipino) were found to be comparable.

8

Test Description
•  Paper - Pencil or Computer-based Test
•  There is no time limit for administering.
Typically the entire set is answered in 30
minutes.
•  Can be administered individually or to groups
•  Trait subscales consists of an average of six
(6) items each.
Sample Item
•  Scored in the positive direction
Administration and Scoring
•  the PUP is scored either manually, using 15 scoring
acetates, or using its computerized scoring system
•  Items are scored in the positive direction and some
items in the negative direction i.e. a low score on an
item means that the respondent has more of the trait
being measured by the item.
•  The total score for each personality dimension is
obtained by summating the scores for that particular
dimension.
•  The percentiles and standardized scores
corresponding to the raw score totals are obtained
from norms tables (male and female).
5/29/15
Test Administration and Scoring
•  PUP is self-administering
•  For each dimension, items are positively stated
and others are negatively stated.
•  For every item, the examinee is asked to
indicate with the use of a 5-point scale his/her
degree of agreement about the applicability of
the item to him/her
•  Scale labels: Hinding hindi, Hindi, Walang
Masabi, Totoo and Totoong Totoo
•  no item should be skipped by the examinee,
each item has only one answer
Sample Item
•  Scored in the negative direction
Administration and Scoring
•  Online test - clustered into 5 personality domains
corresponding Big 5 personality factors of
extraversion/surgency, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, emotional stability, and
intellect or openness to experience.
•  The PUP Manual (2000) provides means and
standard deviation scores across 24 trait scales
and 2 validity subscales of the PUP for 3669
Filipinos. Norm tables are also provided
separating male and female.
9
 5/29/15

Big 5: Extraversion o Surgency Big 5: Emotional Stability

•  Assesses the degree to which an individual is sociable,
gregarious, assertive and leader-like versus quiet, reserved,
mannerly, and withdrawn. Some of the more common
personality traits associated with this dimension are dominance,
extraversion, capacity for status, or social presence, concern for
social appropriateness, the need for power, need/desire for
advancement, sociability, energy or activity level, articulateness
or speech fluency, readiness to make decisions, social
participation, surgency, or social assertiveness.
•  This dimension of personality concerns the extent to which
individuals are calm, steady, cool, and self-confident versus
anxious, insecure, worried, and emotional. Some of the
personality traits associated with emotional stability include
neuroticism, emotional stability, negative affectivity, self-
acceptance, achievement via independence, self-confidence,
mood, behavior flexibility, personal adjustment, ability to withstand
pressure, emotional balance, emotional control, ability to control
one’s behavior according to social cues, and affect.

Big 5: Conscientiousness Big 5: Agreeableness

•  measures the degree to which individuals are sympathetic,
•  differentiates individuals who are hardworking, persevering,
organized, and responsible from those who are impulsive,
irresponsible, undependable, and lazy. Personality traits
categorized under this dimension include prudence and
ambition, will to achieve, need for achievement, behavior
flexibility, responsibility, initiative, personal integrity, ethical
conduct, organizing and planning, dependability, integrity, inner
work standards, constraint, and work.
cooperative, good-natured, and warm versus grumpy,
unpleasant, disagreeable, and cold. Personality traits
associated with this dimension include likeability,
friendliness, social nearness, support, friendly compliance,
empathy, feminine attributes, nurturance, sensitivity to
social cues, diplomacy, cooperativeness, need for
affiliation, and love.

Big 5: Intellect/Openness to Experience Big 5: Surgency

•  Assesses the degree to which an
•  the extent to which an individual is imaginative, individual is sociable, gregarious,
cultured, broad-minded, and curious versus concrete assertive and leader-like versus Ambisyon
minded, practical, and has narrow interests. quiet, reserved, mannerly, and
Personality traits associated with this dimension withdrawn. Some of the more
common personality traits Lakas ng Loob
include culture, creativity, range of interests, need for
associated with this dimension are
change, and openness to experience. dominance, extraversion, capacity
for status, or social presence,
concern for social appropriateness, Pagkamahiyain
the need for power, need/desire for
advancement, sociability, energy or
activity level, articulateness or Pagkasunud-sunuran
speech fluency, readiness to make
decisions, social participation,
surgency, or social assertiveness.

10
 5/29/15

Big 5: Emotional Stability Big 5: Conscientiousness

•  This dimension of personality concerns
the extent to which individuals are calm,
steady, cool, and self-confident versus
anxious, insecure, worried, and
emotional. Some of the personality
traits associated with emotional stability
include neuroticism, emotional stability,
negative affectivity, self-acceptance,
achievement via independence, self-
confidence, mood, behavior flexibility,
personal adjustment, ability to withstand
pressure, emotional balance, emotional
control, ability to control one’s behavior
according to social cues, and affect.
•  differentiates individuals who are
Pagkamapagtimpi hardworking, persevering,
organized, and responsible from Katipiran
Pagkamaramdamin
those who are impulsive, Katiyagaan
irresponsible, undependable, and
lazy. Personality traits categorized Pagkaresponsable
Pagkapikon under this dimension include Pagkasigurista
prudence and ambition, will to
achieve, need for achievement, Pagkasalawahan
Sumpong
behavior flexibility, responsibility, Tigas ng Ulo
initiative, personal integrity, ethical
conduct, organizing and planning,
dependability, integrity, inner work
standards, constraint, and work.

Big 5: Agreeableness Big 5: Intellect/Openness to Experience

•  measures the degree to which
individuals are sympathetic, •  the extent to which an
cooperative, good-natured, Pagkamagalang individual is imaginative, Pagkamaalalahanin
and warm versus grumpy, Pagkamapagbigay cultured, broad-minded,
unpleasant, disagreeable, and Pagkamapagkumbaba and curious versus Pagkamalikhain
cold. Personality traits concrete minded,
associated with this dimension
Pagkamatulungin Pagkamausisa
practical, and has narrow
include likeability, friendliness, Hirap Kausapin interests. Personality
social nearness, support, Pagkamapunahin traits associated with this
friendly compliance, empathy, Pagkapalaaway dimension include
feminine attributes, nurturance, culture, creativity, range
sensitivity to social cues, of interests, need for
diplomacy, cooperativeness, change, and openness to
need for affiliation, and love. experience.

Sample Computerized Output Sample Computerized Output

11
 5/29/15

INDIGENIZATION Test Translation

CULTURE AS SOURCE
CULTURE AS TARGET

From within
•  Step 1- Request a •  Step 3 - Identify the
USED EXPLORATION panel of bilinguals to differences between
translate the items to the original and the
IMPORTANT
the target language. back translation.
MODIFIED OR
CONCEPTS •  Step 2 - Request •  Step 4 - Request a
TRANSLATED IDENTIFIED
another panel of language expert to
STUDIED bilinguals to back revise the original
LINKS BETWEEN
AND AMONG translate the translation based on
CONCEPTS
DETERMINED translation to the the results of the back
FOREIGN original language. translation.
THEORY OR
THEORY
METHOD FORMULATION
From without

Test Translation Test Translation

•  Step 5 - Gather 30 or •  Step 6 - Gather the
more bilinguals to take same 30 or more •  Step 7 – Analyze the test scores obtained
the test at Time 1 bilinguals to take the at Time 1 and at Time 2, by doing a paired
–  15 to take the test in its test at Time 2 samples/dependent samples t-test.
original language –  15 who took the test in its
–  15 to take the translated original language to take
•  For the original test to be considered as
test items (results of the test in its translated equivalent to its translated version, there
Step 4) version should be no significant difference
–  15 who took the between the 2 sets of scores.
translated test items
(results of Step 4) to take
the test in its original
language version

Recent References
Guanzon-Lapena, M.A., Church, A.T.,Carlota, A.J., &
Katigbak, M.S. (1998). Indigenous personality

References measures: Philippine examples. Journal of Cross-

Cultural Psychology,29(1). 249-270.

on the PUP Katigbak, M.S., Church, A.T., Guanzon-Lapena, M.A.,

Carlota, A.J. and del Pilar,G.H.(2002). Are
Indigenous personality dimensions culture specific?
Philippine inventories and the five-factor model.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1).
89-101
PPRTH. (2010). Psychometric Information on the
Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) from 2010 PUP
Test Manual and Khristine Lazaro’s 2006 thesis (Not
for reproduction).

12
 5/29/15

The PUP Test Package

The Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao is being solely distributed by
the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino

The PUP test package includes the following:

25 Reusable test booklets
50 Answer Sheets
50 Profile Sheets
1 Test Manual
1 Set of transparencies for manual scoring
1 USB flash drive containing computerized
scoring program

Inquiries re: cost can be sent to PSSP (0922-875-1440)

PUP for Students’ Research Qualifications for PUP Purchase

1)  letter of request for permission to use the PUP, signed •  PSSP orientation / training on the use of
by all members of your research group (with your
contact details) the PUP
2)  transcript of records of the adviser who will supervise •  Signed contract with PSSP on the proper
students’ use of the test use of the PUP, by PRC-licensed
3)  Conforme that PSSP will be given all raw data derived
from the use of the PUP
psychometrician and supervising
4)  PUP USB drive rental fee (Php 5000) psychologist
5)  Refundable deposit amount to cover possible damage
to the PUP materials, to be returned after data has been
turned over to PSSP (Php 1000)
6)  copy of the final research paper

13
 5/29/15

Thank you very much!

ma.angeles.lapena@dlsu.edu.ph
maeyetg@yahoo.com
Mobile Number: 0927-7556472

14