MICRO-ENTERPRISE HONEY

A Livelihood Development Strategy for Earthquake

Affected Pakisata

The
lack
of
readi
ly
avail
able
repla
cem
ent
bee
livest
ock
and
quee
ns is
a
stron
g
limit
ation
beca
use
of
the
incre
asin
g
incid
ence
of
dise
ase,
risk
of
loss
es
from
over
wint
ering
, and
parti
cular
ly
from
the
high
absc
ondi
ng
tend
ency
of
nativ
e
Asia
n
hone
ybee
s.
Post
Har
vest
Han
dlin
g
The
deva
stati
ng
pract
ice
of
local
hone
y
adult
erati
on is
very
com
mon.
This
is
the
singl
e
most
limiti
ng
facto
r in
the
dom
estic
hone
y
mark
et in
Paki
stan.
Adult
erati
on
and
falsifi
catio
n is
wide
spre
ad
and
affec
ts
both
com
merc
ially
and
tradit
ional
ly
prod
uced
hone
y.
Hon
ey
quali
ty is
virtu
ally
destr
oyed
in
the
proc
ess.
Muc
h of
the
adult
erati
on is
visibl
y
evid
ent
and
man
y
infor
med
cons
umer
s
have
such
a
high
level
of
susp
icion
that
they
avoi
d
hone
y
purc
hase
s
altog
ether
.
Ther
e is
more
trust
for
impo
rted
hone
y,
forci
ng
cons
umer
s to
pay
high
er
price
s
and
to
rejec
t the
other
wise
prefe
rred
local
prod
uct.
Tradi
tiona
l
beek
eepe
rs
suffe
r
from
 a
lack
of
equi
pme
nt
and
kno
wled
ge in
orde
r to
proc
ess
high
quali
ty
bee
prod
ucts.
Prob
lems
inclu
de:
 •
Ineffi
cient
extra
ction
of
hone
y
from
hone
yco
mb
 •
Dam
agin
 g
hone
y
quali
ty
from
cook
ing
at
 high
temp
eratu
re
•
Exce
ssive
mois
ture
cont
ent
 •
Disc
ardin
 g
valu
able
bees
wax
•
Lack
of
stan
dardi
zed
pack
agin
g
Val
ue
Ch
ain
An
aly
sis
Con
strai
nts
 in
the
hone
 y
prod
uctio
 n
valu
e
chai
n
are:
1.La
ck of
com
merc
ially
avail
able
bee
colo
nies
and
well-
bred
quee
ns.
Ther
e are
no
spec
ialize
d
prod
ucer
s
offeri
ng
bee
colo
nies
for
sale
in
Paki
stan.
Ther
e are
noco
mme
rcial
quee
n
bree
ders.
Both
com
merc
ial
and
micr
o
scal
e
beek
eepe
rs
woul
d
bene
fitfro
m
bees
gene
ticall
y
bred
to fit
the
local
clim
atic
cond
ition
s
and
spec
ific
need
s of
theb
eeke
eper
s.
Sust
aina
ble
beek
eepi
ng
requi
res a
sour
ce of
live
bees
and
quee
ns to
repla
celo
sses
as
well
as to
expa
nd
oper
ation
s
quic
kly
whe
n
cond
ition
s are
favor
able.
2.Li
mite
d
avail
abilit
y of
beek
eepi
ng
supp
lies
and
equi
pme
nt
suita
ble
for
the
micr
 o-
scale
beek
eepe
r. Alt
houg
h
there
 is
man
ufact
ured
beek
eepi
 ng
equi
pme
 nt
avail
able,
 it is
direc
ted
to
the
migr
atory
com
merc
ial
indu
stry.
The
micr
o-
enter
prise
hone
y
sect
or
has
spec
ific
equi
pme
nt
requi
reme
nts
and
if the
indu
stry
grow
s in
the
earth
quak
e
affec
ted
regio
n,
dem
and
for
equi
pme
nt
and
supp
lies
will
incre
ase.
3.Ina
dequ
ate
post-
harv
est
proc
essin
g. Tr
aditi
onal
hone
 y
proc
essi
 ng
tech
niqu
es
are
not
trans
ferab
le to
com
merc
ially
viabl
e
hone
y
prod
uctio
n,
even
on a
smal
l
scal
e.
Ther
e is
no
subs
titute
for
prop
er
hand
ling
of
hone
y
durin
g the
extra
ction
,
filteri
ng
and
pack
agin
g
proc
esse
s.
Also,
adult
erati
on is
a
coun
terpr
oduc
tive
proc
ess
that
ultim
ately
redu
ces
profit
s
and
open
s
oppo
rtunit
ies
from
more
hone
st
com
petit
ors.
4.Un
deve
lope
 d
mark
et for
locall
y
prod
uced
hone
y
 and
other
bee
prod
ucts.
An
oppo
rtunit
y
exist
s for
micr
o-
scal
e
beek
eepe
rs to
prod
uce
high-
quali
ty
local
hone
y
prod
ucts,
profe
ssio
nally
pack
ed
and
label
ed
with
geog
raphi
c
origi
n
ident
ificati
on to
appe
al to
the
touri
st
trade
and
even
tuall
y the
urba
n
mark
ets.
Con
sum
ers
are
curre
ntly
unde
rserv
ed
by
local
prod
ucer
s,
and
often
buy
impo
rts or
inferi
or
quali
ty
adult
erate
d
hone
y.
5.Tra
ining
not a
cons
traint
. Loc
 al
and
inter
natio
nal
NGO
s as
well
as
gove
rnme
nt
agric
ultur
al
instit
ution
s are
curre
ntly
invol
ved
with
beek
eepi
ng in
the
earth
quak
e
affec
ted
regio
n.
Most
of
thes
e
activi
ties
cent
er
arou
nd
offeri
ng
simp
le
traini
ng in
beek
eepi
ng at
the
intro
duct
ory
level
.
Unfo
rtuna
tely,
learn
ing
abou
t
beek
eepi
ng
will
not
gene
rate
hone
y
with
out
the
requi
red
input
s,
like
livest
ock
and
equi
pme
nt,
and
inco
me
will
not
be
gene
rated
with
out
effec
tive
mark
eting
of
final
prod
ucts.
Fig. 1
Hone
y
Value
Chain
Re
co
mm
end
atio
ns
 to
stre
ngt
hen
the
sup
ply
cha
 in
and
sti
mul
ate
mic
ro-
ent
erp
rise
bee
kee
pin
g
 A
key
facto
 r in
creat
ing a
sust
aina
ble
syst
em
for
high-
valu
e
beek
eepi
ng is
 the
exist
ence
of a
priva
te
sect
or
supp
 ly
chai
n
locat
ed in
the
local
com
muni
ties
to
deliv
 er
input
s to
beek
eepe
rs at
 fair
price
s.
1.Cr
eate
enter
prise
s
speci
alizin
g in
the
seas
onal
prod
uctio
n of
bee
pack
ages
or
nucl
eus
hives
for
sale
 to
hone
y
prod
ucer
s.
This
priva
te
sect
or
activi
 ty
can
be
start
ed
by a
few
micr
o or
smal
l
scal
e
beek
eepe
rs
shifti
ng
their
aim
from
prod
ucin
g
hone
y to
prod
ucin
g
bees
.With
a
grow
ing
beek
eepi
ng
indu
stry,
sellin
g
bees
may
be
as or
more
profit
able
than
sellin
g ho
ney.
2.Cr
eate
enter
prise
s
speci
alizin
g in
quee
 n
bree
ding
 of
Apis
Cera
 na
and
Apis
Melli
fera.
This
is
fairly
tech
nical
and
will
requi
re an
inve
stme
nt of
time
and
traini
ng
from
the
peop
lewh
o
enter
this
occu
patio
n.
Over
time,
impr
oved
bee
gene
tics
will
enha
nce
the
prod
uctivi
tyof
beek
eepe
rs
throu
gh
redu
ced
bee
loss
es
and
incre
ased
hone
y
prod
uctio
n.
3.Cr
eate
or
supp
ort
enter
prise
s
speci
alizin
g in
man
ufact
ure
of
equi
pme
nt
and
sale
of
supp
lies
for
micr
o-
scale
beek
eepe
rs. T
his is
a
key
com
pone
nt to
upgr
ade
beek
eepe
rs
from
 the
tradit
ional
syst
em
to
micr
o-
enter
prise
hone
y
prod
uctio
n. E
quip
ment
appr
opria
te to
micr
o
scal
e
beek
eepe
rs
inclu
de
smal
ler
hone
y
extra
ctors
,
wax
foun
datio
n
proc
essi
ng,
and
locall
y
mad
e
boxe
s for
both
spec
ies
of
bees
.
Sup
plies
inclu
de
legal
and
sust
aina
ble
pest
and
dise
ase
contr
ols,
as
well
as
jars
and
pack
agin
g
supp
lies.
This
activi
ty
coul
d be
locat
ed
clos
e
to
the
beek
eepe
rs’
oper
ation
s.
4.For
m
hone
 y
proc
essin
 g
and
mark
eting
asso
ciatio
 ns.
Simp
le
 and
infor
mal
grou
ps
clust
ered
at
the
villag
e
level
can
jointl
y
own
and
shar
e
proc
essi
ng
equi
pme
nt or
sell
unde
ra
unifi
ed
bran
d.
Colle
ctive
proc
essi
ng
can
allow
for
impr
oved
and
stan
dardi
zed
tech
niqu
es to
be
contr
olled
that
pres
erve
hone
y
quali
ty.
Smal
l
local
bran
ds
prod
ucin
g
unad
ulter
ated
hone
y
and
addi
ng
valu
e
can
even
tuall
y
over
com
e
resis
tanc
e
and
distr
ust
from
cons
umer
s
and
gain
impo
rt
subs
tituti
on
mark
et
shar
e.Ma
rketi
ng
adde
d-
valu
e
hone
y
locall
y will
retur
n
more
earni
ngs
to
the
beek
eepe
rs
than
sellin
g in
bulk
at
the
urba
n
mark
ets.
5.Pr
ovid
e
tech
nical
and
mark
eting
exte
nsio
n to
deve
 lop
adde
d-
valu
e
prod
ucts.
Nich
e
mark
ets
base
d on
varie
tal
hone
ys
and
other
bee
prod
ucts
can
be
deve
lope
d:
 •
Medi
cinal
“Baik
er
hone
y”
(Just
icia
adha
toda)
is
prod
uced
from
a
com
mon
ever
gree
nshr
ub
flow
ering
in
Dec
emb
er –
April
in
the
sub-
mou
ntain
ous
area
s.
Hon
ey
from
thisfl
ower
is
used
by
villag
ers
as a
pow
erful
expe
ctora
nt
and
antis
pas
modi
c.
•
Hon
eyco
mb
is a
high-
valu
e
hone
y
prod
uct
with
man
y
differ
ent
pack
agin
g
optio
ns. It
hast
he
signi
fican
t
adva
ntag
e of
guar
ante
eing
quali
ty
beca
use
it is
impo
ssibl
e to
adult
erate
orfal
sify.
This
prod
uct
may
beco
me
instr
ume
ntal
in
regai
ning
cust
omer
confi
denc
e in
local
hone
y if
mark
eted
prop
erly.
•
Bees
wax
is an
unde
r
expl
oited
reso
urce
in
tradit
ional
beek
eepi
ng.
Man
y
bees
wax
base
dadd
ed-
valu
e
prod
ucts
are
poss
ible.
Even
bees
wax
in its
bulk
form
has
a
high
er
price
perki
lo
than
bulk
hone
y.
•
Bee
polle
n,
bee
prop
olis
 and
royal
jelly
 are
curre
ntly
com
plete
ly
unex
ploit
ed in
both
the
com
merc
ial
 and
tradit
ional
syst
ems
and
have
pote
ntial
mark
ets
in
 Paki
stan.
micro-enterprise honey
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Pakistan
international
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rescue
committee
microenterprise
beekeeping
apis
cerana
usaid
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