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where bearing capacity factors Nc , Nq , N can be obtained from figure (1) or table (3.2) for
specified Meyerhof's, or Hansen's, or Vesic's bearing capacity equation.
Ref.: Richards, R., Jr., Elms, D. G., and Budhu, M., Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement of
Foundations, J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 119 (4), 622, 1993.
Richards et al. (1993), proposed that the bearing capacity for a surface continuous footing on
c-∅ soil can be calculated by:
where bearing capacity factors NcE , NqE , N E can be determined from figure (2).
2
Example (1): A shallow continuous foundation of B = 1.5 m, 𝑫𝒇 = 1 m, 𝜸 = 17 kN/m3, c = 30 kN/m2,
∅ =25o, 𝒌𝒉 = 0.25; 𝒌𝒗 = 0. Estimate the ultimate bearing capacity 𝒒𝒖𝑬 .
Solution:
𝑁𝑐𝐸
= 0.44 ; 𝑁𝑐𝐸 =(0.44)(20.7) = 9.108
𝑁𝑐
𝑁𝑞𝐸
= 0.38 ; 𝑁𝑞𝐸 = (0.38)(10.7) = 4.066
𝑁𝑞
𝑁𝛾𝐸
=0.13 ; 𝑁𝛾𝐸 =(0.13)(6.8) = 0.884
𝑁𝛾
1
qult. (30)(9.108) (1)(17)(4.066) (17)(1.5)(0.884) 347.997 348 kN/m2
2
The variations of (tan 𝛼𝐴𝐸 ) with (𝑘ℎ ) and (∅) are given in figure (4).
3
Figure (3): Critical acceleration 𝑘ℎ∗ for incipient foundation settlement (after Richards et al. (1993).
Figure (4): Variation of 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜶𝑨𝑬 with 𝒌𝒉 and ∅ (after Richards et al. (1993).
4
Example (2): For the same foundation problem shown in example (1); if q all. = 348 kN/m2, A = 0.32,
and V = 0.35 m/sec, determine the settlement of the foundation that may undergo?.
Solution:
for static load, the ultimate bearing capacity of a continuous footing is given by:
1
qult. (30)(20.7) (1)(17)(10.7) (17)(1.5)(6.8) 889.6 kN/m2
2
𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡. 889.6
𝐹. 𝑆. = = = 2.56
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙. 348
from figure (3): for F.S. = 2.56 and 𝐷𝑓 /𝐵 =1/1.5 = 0.67; the magnitude of 𝑘ℎ∗ ≈ 0.24
from figure (4): for ∅ = 25o and 𝑘ℎ∗ = 0.24; 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼𝐴𝐸 ≈ 0.80
−4
𝑉2 𝑘∗
𝑆𝑒 = 0.174 𝐴.𝑔 | 𝐴ℎ | tan 𝛼𝐴𝐸 …………...………………………………..(3)