INTRODUCTION TO corDECT WLL SYSTEM

1. SCOPE

This engineering instruction describes about the general introduction to corDect WLL system.

2. GENERAL

The Telecom system today consists of (1) Backbone Network and (2) Access Network.

The backbone network includes Trunk, Inter connecting exchanges and long distance Trunks,
Inter connection exchanges in different cities. Over the last two decades, the trunk network has been
largely digitized and carries Time Division Multiplexed PCM Voice. The medium used is mostly optical
fibre and sometimes radio. The backbone network also consist of Main exchanges & trunk exchanges
which are increasingly becoming Digital. They consist of specially designed computers and switching
matrix with EI or SDH interface.

The Access Network today consists of remote line unit/remote switching unit and local loop. The
RLUs/RSUs are connected to Main exchanges and are located nearer to subscriber. The local Loop is
mostly twisted pair copper wire designed to carry four KHz signals. Today it is the most expensive part
of Telecom Network contributing to all most 50% of the cost. Therefore, efforts today are directed
towards innovations in the Local Loop. However it is the Wireless especially in countries where
teledensity is very low, by quickly expanding the telephone network.

These are the requirements that CorDect Wireless in Local Loop which provides cost effective
voice and DATA communication serving Subscriber. Density as low as one subscriber every 2 sq.km to
as high as several thousand subscriber per sq.km.

CorDECT Wireless in Local Loop System is based on Digital Enhanced Cordless

Telecommunications (DECT) standard of European Telecommunications standards Institute (ETSI).

The CorDECT Wireless in Local Loop has been designed to be a modular system. The basic unit
provides service to 10o00 subscriber. Multiple CorDECT systems can be connected together using a
transit switch. The system has been designed in such a way that the initial investment for fixed part is
very low and most of the cost is incurred on the Subscriber Unit, which needs to be obtained only when
the operator signs up a subscriber. Further since CorDECT Wireless in Local Loop does not require
frequency planning the installation need not be coordinated. Thus the low cost marks the system one of
the most versatile in Local Loop System available today.

3.0. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

 The CorDECT system is designed to provide a cost effective wireless high quality voice and
DATA connection in dense Urban as well as sparse rural areas. The system enables wireless subscriber
to be connected to the PSTN in a cost effective manner.

3.1 DECT INTERFACE UNIT (DIU)

The DIU is a dect exchanges for Wireless subscriber and provides an interface to a public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Functions such as call processing, CBS powering and
PCM/ADPCM transcoding. DECT Network Layer and link Layer functioned are handled by the DIU.
System operation and Maintenance (O&M) and remote fault monitoring can be performed from the DIU
or alternatively from a remote location using the Network Management System. The DIU is the heart of
the system and supports upto 1000 subscribers through 20 bases stations and is a fully redundant switch.

The interface to the PSTN is via EI digital links. Interface for connecting upto 6 EI lines are
provided. With 4 EI lines, the system can typically cater to about 1000 subscribers with 0.1 Erlang per
subscriber and a Grade of Service of 1%.

For 1000 wireless subscriber the DIU can be configured as –

a) An exchange with R2-MF signaling on EI lines or

b) A Remote Switching Unit (RSU) to an exchange using V5.2 protocols on EI lines or,
c) An in dialing PBX connected to an exchange using two-wire junction lines or connected to
PSTN using R2-MF signaling on EI lines.

An optional subscriber MUX (SMUC) unit in the DIU converts the EI interface to 30 junctions
lines, which can be connected to two-wire subscriber lines of an exchange. The SMUX carries out
polarity reversal detection and 16 KHz metering pulse detection. It allows pulse dialing and DTMF
dialing. The two-wire state is coded a transmitted on slot 16 of the EI line.

The DIU consists of between three to six standard 19” sub-racks in one or two cabinets
depending on the CorDECT system configuration. All critical cards have a hot standby so that system
availability is ensured in case of failure. The system is powered by 48V power supply.

3.2 COMPACT BASE STATION (CBS)

It provides wireless access in an area and supports twelve simultaneous full duplex channels.

The CBS is a small unobtrusive pole mounted or wall mounted unit. Each CBS serves one cell
providing upto 12 simultaneous speech channel gain of the handset/ wall set. Typically it ranges from
150m-5kms. (10kms in rural areas).

The CBS has two antenna for diversity. A direction antenna with significant gain can be used
when coverage required is either confined to certain directions, or the coverage area is divided into
sector covered by different CBSs. Otherwise an omni-directional antenna could be used. Such omni-
directional antenna with 2 db, 4db, and 6db gain is available.
 The CBS interfaced to the DIU using 3 standard subscriber pair from the existing loop plant.
Typically this would be from the reliable buried portion of the loop plant terminating at the distribution
points. The three pairs carry four ADPCM speech channel each in addition to signaling data 2 B+D
format of N-ISDN communications. The pairs also supply power to the CBS from the DIU. The
maximum distance between CBS and DIU is 4kms. With 0.4 mm dia copper twisted pairs.

Alternatively the CBSs are interfaced the DIU through the base station distributor (BSD) unit as
shown in fug… In the case of BSD is connection to a DIU with an EI link using radio or fibre and CBS
are connected to the BSD using three pairs of twisted pair copper able each of which carries both the
power as well as signal to the CBS. The maximum distance between CBSW and BSD is 1km when
0.6mm twisted pair copper cable is used.

The CBS implements the DECT PHYSICAL MAC layer functions completely and part of DLC
layer functions. The DECT modem is also implemented in software. The CBS can be remotely monitor
for its health and for the health of copper pair used in connect is to the DIU from NMS. Remote up
gradation of software on CBS is also possible from DIU.

3.3 BASE STATION DISTRIBUTOR (BSD)

The base station distributor is an optional unit used when a cluster of the CBSS are to be located
some distance away from the DIU. The BSD is connected to the DIU on EI lines & each EI line carrier
signals for four CBSs. The BSD demultiplexes the signal on the EI line and fides it to the four CBS. The
four CBS are connected to the BSD each using 3 pairs of 0.6mm twisted pair copper wires. The
maximum distance supported is 1km. The copper wires carry both power and signals from BSD to CBS.

The health of the BSD as w4ellas the CBSs can be upgraded from the DIU.

3.4 WALLSET (SW)

The wall set is a small wall-mounted unit with an external antenna and powered from
A/C Mains. An internal battery provides backup in case of power failure. The external antenna
provides gain and extended the range of a CBS in areas where CBS densidity is low the wall set
provides a standard RJ-11 telephone socket so that any telephone FAX Machine modem or even
a payphone can be connected to it. The data rate supported on modem is typically 9600 kbph as
the voice is code (32 kbps ADPCM)_ before transmission on air.

The wall set software includes modem software DECT MAC layer, link layer Network
layer and IWU layer software. ADPCM transcoding and DTMF tone detection are also
implemented in software, in future a V.35 /RS232 interface will be provided at the wall set so
that a PC can be connected to it without a modem.

*** END ***

Please see the diagrams in the next page
 Copper
E1 
Telecom D CBS WS
Network I
U

HS
CBS


MWS 


corDECT wireless local loop

E1 
Telecom D WS
Network I BSD
U E1 radio/fibre

HS

Use of Base Station distributor in corDECT wireless local loop