PAINT TECHNOLOGY 2 –WEDNESDAY

1. By what name would you call the basic unit of polymer?

 Atoms

2. What is polymerization?
 Joining together of a string or structure of repeated units.

3. Name three types of polymers?

 Linear ,branced and cross linked polymer

4. What would be the characteristic of a short oil paint?

 Less than 45%oil to resin
 Fast drying
 More brittle with shorter overcoat time
 Used in industries

5. What would be the characteristic of a long oil paint?

 More than 60% oil to resin
 Slow drying
 Domestic purpose

6. What is meant by the term OPAQUE PIGMENT?

 Are those which are inert ,provide opacity and colour

7. What is a typical size of a pigment particle?

 Varies from 1/10th micron to average size of 1 micron

8. Briefly describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated when

referring to oils or polymers?
 Refer book

9. Name two drying oils, which are unsaturated?

 Linseed and tung oil, Soya oil, tall oil and safflower oil

10.What is the main difference between a dye and a pigment?

 Refer book
11.What are the sources of pigment?
 Animals ,vegetables , minerals and synthetically produced

12.If titanium Dioxide was used in plant, what would be the colour?
 White

13.Name three rust inhibitive pigments considered to be toxic?

 Red lead ,coal tar , calcium plumbate ,zinc chromate

14.Name four commonly occurring minerals used as extender pigments?

 China clay , slate floor ,talc, chalk

15.Name three laminar pigments?

 MIO,Graphite,Mica, Aluminium flakes, and glass flakes

16.If pigment was added way below the CPVC, how would it affect the film?
 More glass, poor opacity, tendency to blister, low cohesive strength.

17.The abbreviation CPVC means that?

 Critical Pigment Volume Concentration

18.Why are thixotropes added to a paint formulation?

 Higher film thickness , keep solid particles in dispersin within the
paint

19.If carbon was used as a pigment what would be the paint colour?
 Black

20.Name four properties that a binder contributes to a paint colour?

 Adhesion , cohesion , film strength and durability

21.Describe how a basic inhibitor works?

 Refer book

22.Which of the common extenders could not be used in whites and pastels?
 White, china clay, chalk, talc
23.How would the film be affected if pigment was added above the CPVC?
 High cohesive strength, low gloss, good resistance to water
permeasion.

24.Which of the rust inhibitive pigments is the most common?

 Zinc phosphate

25.Why are extenders used in paint formulation?

 Adhesion , cohesion ,film strength ,durability and low cost

26.If chromium was used as a pigment, what colour would the paint be?
 Green or yellow or orange

27.Why are plasticizers added to paint?

 To increase flexibility and reduce brittleness

28.Two metals are commonly used as galvanic pigmentation, name them?

 Zinc and aluminium

29.Why are driers added to oil based paint?

 To allow even through drying of oxidizing films

30.What is meant by the term Thixotropic?

 Thickener

31.What is meant by the term aggregate when referring to paint?

 Pigment particles cluster together to form agglomerates or
aggregates

32.If an antioxidant was added to paint, what would it do?

 Retards the formation of a skin on surface of the paint

33.Give the names of two plasticizers?

 Castor oil , coconut oil and palm oil

34.What is meant by the term solution?

 Refer book
35.Give two examples of a solution?
 Salt and water, sugar and water, binder and solvent.

36.What is meant by the term dispersion?

 A dispersion can either be a solid or liquid dispersed

37.There are two types of dispersion, what are they?

 Suspension and emulsion

38.If paint cures by chemical reaction is it reversible or convertible?

 Convertible

39.What type of polymerization occurs in chemically curing paint?

 Cross linked

40.Name a paint, which dries solely by solvent evaporation?

 Chlorinated rubber, vinyl, acrylics , cellulosic materials

41.What is meant by non convertible?

 Refer book

42.What is meant by non reversible?

 Refer book

43.Name four drying mechanisms?

 Solvent evaporation, chemical curing, oxidation and coalescence

44.In a coating, which dries by solvent evaporation, what type of

polymerization occurs?
 Linear polymer

45.What is another term for fineness of grind?

 Refer book

46.Which generic types of paint dry by solvent evaporation, what type of

polymerization occurs?
 Alkyds, phenolins, natural oils and resins.
47.What type of polymer forms during oxidation?
 Branched polymers

48.What term applies to paint drying at ambient temperatures?

 Air drying

49.What is meant by the term co-alescence?

 Physically joining together

50.What is meant by the term Pot life?

 Refer book

51.Name three curing agents used in epoxies?

 Amides ,amines and isocyanides

52.Is paint a solution or dispersion qualify?

 Dispersion

53.What is an exothermic reaction?

 Giving off heat

54.What is meant by the term induction period?

 Refer book

55.What is the difference between Thermoplastic and thermosetting?

 Refer book

56.With a chemically curing paint, what type of polymerization occurs?

 Cross linked polymer

57.Two other terms relate to induction period, what are they?

 Exothermic or endothermic reaction

58.Does a phenolic resin have an induction period?

 No ,only chemical curing needs induction period

59.The following binders are reversible?

 Vinyl
 Cellulose
 Chlorinated rubber
60.Is epoxy powder paint thermoplastic or thermosetting?
 Thermosetting

61.If a coating is permeable, what does it mean?

 It allows passage of water

62.What is meant by cross linked give two binders as an example?

 Chemical curing
 Multi or 3 dimensional polymerization
 Epoxy and urethane

63.What is the opposite of exothermic?

 Endothermic

64.What is the term used for paints needing temperatures in excess 65deg to
cure?
 Stoving

65.What would be a typical induction period for chlorinated rubber paint?

 None

66.Name a material used as a dryer in paint formulation?

 Octoates or naphthanates of cobalt, manganese zirconium

67.Why would bentonite or wax be used in paint formulation?

 Refer book

68.Name two materials used as plasticizers?

 Alkydresin ,castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil

69.What generic type of paints would use anti –oxidants?

 Natural oil and resins

70.How does a single pack, epoxy ester paint dry?

 Solvents evaporation followed by oxidation

71.How is Dew point defined?

 Temp at which watervapour in the air condense
72.How is relative humidity defined?
 Refer book

73.When using a whirling hygrometer which bulb should be read first and
why?
 Wet bulb it will change immediately

74.At what speed should the thermometer bulbs should be read first and
why?
 4m /sec or as fast as possible

75.What should be used when wetting the wick on whirling hygrometer?

 De-ionized water i.e. distilled or clean rain water

76.By what other name can we refer to a whirling hygrometer?

 Aspirated hygrometer or psychrometer

77.When the air temperature rises does the airs capacity to hold water
increase or decrease?
 Increase

78.What is the stead criterion for acceptance, prior to calculations, on a

whirling hygrometer?
 Refer book

79.Name two pieces of equipment used for taking steel temperature?

 Limpet gauge or digital thermometer
 Thermocouple or touch pyrometer

80.Is it possible for a wet bulb temperature to be higher than the dry bulb?
 No