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Part 2: Programming Guide
Part 1: The Big 3 Technique Guide
Learning the big three movements is an instrumental part in the quest
for strength.
The fact is, form is something that can always be improved. It doesn’t
matter if you are a beginner or a seasoned iron game veteran; there is
always room to improve technique.
Without further ado…let’s cut the chitchat and explore the big three!
How to Squat
The squat is king. There really is nothing else in the gym that produces
better strength and muscle gains than the squat.
This is not breaking news. You have probably heard this before, but the
squat really is the most useful exercise in the weight room. There is no
excuse not to incorporate the squat or a squat variation into your
programming. Not only do they build muscle/strength in the quads,
hamstrings, glutes and calves, they also help maintain lower body
mobility.
In my opinion the squat is the most difficult of the three powerlifts to
master. When executing the perfect squat you have to think about
proper bar placement, feet position, hip movement, knee travel and
more.
A well-executed squat starts before you even get under the bar. The set
up is very important. You want to set up and take the bar out of the rack
the same way every time. Consistency is key.
First, grab the bar with the narrowest grip you can manage without
hurting your shoulders or wrists. This will ensure that you remain tight
throughout the lift. As the grip widens, it becomes harder to create
upper back tightness. I do not recommend the “hands on the collars”
grip a lot of bodybuilders use.
A grip slightly wider than shoulder width is going to be best for most
people. You want to grip the bar at a distance that will allow you to keep
your wrists straight and elbows underneath your shoulders. Upper back
and shoulder mobility will be a limiting factor here. In the end, do
what’s comfortable and always work to get into a better position.
Make sure when you pull yourself under the bar, the bar is centered on
your back. I know this seems like an obvious statement but you would
be surprised at how many people squat with the bar uneven. If
available, always use a bar with a center knurling for squats. This will
help you make sure the bar is centered but it will also provide extra
“grip” so the bar doesn’t slide on your back.
As soon as you get into position, get tight. Squeeze the bar and create
tension across your upper back. Always remember to get tight before
loading your spine, even with warm-up weight. A great quote I once
heard was “treat every weight like it’s heavy”.
Once you are under the bar, have yourself centered and “tight”, it’s time
to take the bar out of the rack. This is essentially a six inch squat.
The second step of the squat is often times the least thought about.
This should go without saying but always step backwards out of the
rack. Never walk the bar out going forward. This would require you to
re-rack the bar by stepping backwards, which is a bad idea.
Just like the setup, it’s important to walk the bar out the same way every
time. Repetition builds perfection.
Take short deliberate steps. Do not walk ten feet away from the rack,
anything more than 3 steps is a waste of energy. Take a couple steps and
try to put your feet in the position you want to squat in.
Remember to stay tight the entire time. I can’t emphasize this enough.
Most people will benefit from pointing their toes out to a small degree.
This allows for better knee tracking. The knees should “track” directly in
line with the feet, so the femurs and the feet are in line. Toes pointed out
15-20 degrees will be optimal for most people. A wider stance squatter
may want their toes pointed out slightly more, around 30 degrees.
Once you get your feet set, you want to create tension in your hips. This
can be done with a couple different “cues”. My personal favorite is to
think “screw your feet into the floor”.
Step #3: The Squat
Pick a spot in front of you and don’t take your eyes off that point. The
most important thing here is to stay focused on the spot you choose.
Even if there is movement around you, you should not lose focus while
you are squatting.
As you are descending, focus on pushing your knees out and keeping
your chest up by forcing your elbows down.
Always use a full range of motion, never squat high. Once your hips go
below parallel reverse the movement and stand back up. Stand up as
explosively as you can while maintaining control. Drive your elbows
forward. Keep your air in until you are about ¾ the way up then you
can let it out.
The most common sticking point (the spot where they miss the lift) is
going to be just above parallel. Stay tight, maintain a good position, and
drive your hips forward to finish the lift.
The low bar squat is most often associated with powerlifting whereas
the high bar squat is more known as an Olympic weightlifting squat. The
high bar squat is more common to your average fitness enthusiast.
Generally speaking, the low bar position is going to allow most people to
lift the greatest amount of weight. That is why at a powerlifting meet
you will see the majority of the lifters squatting low bar.
The high bar requires a more upright stance and tends to work well
with people who have short femurs like myself. The low bar squat
allows for more forward lean and is best suited for lifters with longer
femurs. Obviously this is an oversimplification and there is more to it
that.
However, with that being said there are a couple assistance movements
I like. Feel free to do these movements in addition to the traditional
back squat. The squat is a movement that responds well to frequency.
That is one reason why there are so many “squat every day” type of
programs. While it’s unnecessary to squat every day, I would deem it
quite beneficial to perform a squat and/or a squat variation more than
once per week.
Front Squat
Paused Squat
Box Squat
How To Bench Press
The barbell bench press is one of, if not the most popular barbell
exercises in existence.
I’m sure you know how to bench press to some extent. The bench is one
of the first fundamental lifts you learn after stepping foot inside a gym.
However, very few athletes outside of elite powerlifters will understand
all the variables involved in a proper bench press.
Any form breakdown in the bench press will quickly show up as
excessive soreness, poor performance, or even an injury. The fact is the
bench can be a very safe lift if done correctly. But like anything else if
done incorrectly the bench can be problematic. Incorrect form on the
bench press has probably caused more shoulder injuries than any other
exercise.
Assistance Exercises to Build the Bench
The movements that have the most carry over to the bench press are
going to be the ones that look the most like the bench press.
As with all lifts, specificity is very important.
Spoto Press
Floor Press
Board Press
How to Deadlift
In powerlifting the deadlift is performed last, after the squat and bench
press. It has been said, “the meet doesn’t start until the bar hits the
floor”. I tend to disagree although I fully understand the argument. The
deadlift is the exercise you should be able to lift the most weight with.
It’s the ultimate test of raw strength.
But the truth is…I hate the deadlift.
I’m just not built for it. My short, t-rex arms that make the bench press
come easy are the same dimensions that make pulling a nightmare. On
the other hand, for those of you who struggle with the bench press, the
deadlift might be your calling.
The deadlift is the most basic of the three powerlifts but also the most
likely to be performed with sloppy form. Even though I hate the word,
the deadlift is a very “functional” movement pattern. Every time you
bend over to pick something up, you are essentially performing a
deadlift.
Like the squat, there are two distinct ways to perform a deadlift –
conventional or sumo.
Determining which stance is right for you can get tricky and
complicated. Things such as height, weight, hip structure and limb
lengths all play a role.
The easiest way to figure this out is to train them both for a few months
and stick with the stance that you are strongest and most comfortable
with. Don’t make it any more difficult than that.
A few things to avoid
Do not bounce reps. Always reset in between reps during a set.
Do not over-extend at the top of the rep. Just come to an anatomically
neutral position.
Do not shrug your shoulder at the top of the rep.
Romanian Deadlift
Paused Deadlift
Deficit Deadlift
Block Pull
Although I’m not sure where or when the concepts of DUP surfaced,
non-linear periodization has been well supported at least scientifically
for quite awhile.
Programming Variables
Training is based off the process of adding stress, recovering from the
stress and then adapting to the stress. This is how progress is made.
This discussion on stress leads into the idea of the General Adaptation
Syndrome (GAS), developed by Dr. Hans Selye.
Training = stress
Stage 2 is all about recovery. This stage begins after the training bout.
Adaptation is the body’s response to stress. Remember, stress is just a
signal that something has to change. The training bout provided a new
stimulus (stress) that disrupted homeostasis. To avoid this happening
again, the body is adapting by growing and getting stronger.
Stage 3 – Exhaustion
This is what happens if the stress becomes to great for the body to adapt
to it. We want to apply as much stress (training response) as we can
without hitting the exhaustion phase. This is what quality training
programming is all about.
Progressive overload
Intensity – Despite what you may think, intensity does not refer to
extent of effort. Intensity is in relation to a percent max. Basically
intensity is how heavy the weight on the bar is.
Overtraining/Overreaching
I want to point out that there is a difference; it’s not just a matter of
semantics.
This program will cause you to overreach if you follow it to the end. The
fact is an athlete must “overreach” to cause the necessary adaptations to
make progress. Every quality-training program should include periods
of overreaching.
Most people left to their own devises will never overreach let alone
overtrain. Overtraining is not something that happens overnight or by
accident. The symptoms creep up slowly and most people just back off
their training as soon as the symptoms show their face.
Part 3: Bonus DUP Program
This is a sample DUP program. This would work great for beginner or
intermediate lifters.
A few things before starting the program:
1- You need to have a good idea of what your maxes for Squat, Bench
and Deadlift are.
2- “lw” = last week. So “lw+10” means last week + 10lbs
3- The program is set up to max out on week 4. After concluding
week/cycle 3 take a few days off and then come in and attempt a
max for squat, bench and deadlift. You can also just max out on
one or two of the lifts if you want.
The RPE Scale
3 Day Sample DUP Program
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