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A

Summer Training
Project Report
On

“FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS”

OF

ORISSA STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK LTD.


BHUBANESWAR.

SUBMITTED TO
RIMS, ROURKELA (B.P.U.T)
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Master of Business Administration.
(2008-2010)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Corporate Guide : Internal Guide :
Mr. Sarada Kanta Das Prof. Narayan Chandra Samal
Faculty of ACSTI, Lecture in Finance
Orissa State Cooperative Bank Ltd. RIMS, Rourkela.
Bhubaneswar.
SUBMITTED BY:
JYOTI PRAKASH BARIK
Regd. No.:0806260005
Session: 2008-2010
RIMS, Rourkela.

.
BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA
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CERTIFICATE OF THE INTERNAL GUIDE:

This is to certify that the project entitled “Financial Statement Analysis of Orissa
State Co-operative Bank Ltd.” is a bonafide record of interim report carried out by Mr.
Jyoti Prakash Barik a student of Rourkela Institute of Management Studies, Rourkela, bearing
University Registration Number 0806260005 (Session 2008-2010), has successfully completed
his Summer Project for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the award of the degree of
Master of Business Administration of Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Orissa, Rourkela.
To the best of my knowledge and belief, this project is the original effort and contribution which
he has worked sincerely under my guidance in this duration. The summer project report has not
been submitted earlier to this University or to any other University/Institutions.

Wishing him good luck for a successful career and all future endeavors.

Date: Name and Signature of the Guide


Prof. Narayan Chandra Samal
Lecture in Finance
RIMS, Rourkela.

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DECLARATION

I JYOTI PRAKASH BARIK, bearing Registration Number: 0806260005, a


student of MBA of Rourkela Institute of Management Studies, under BIJU PATNAIK
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, Rourkela, Orissa, (2008-2010) do hereby declare that
the Summer Training Project Report entitled “Financial Statement Analysis of Orissa
State Co-operative Bank Ltd.” is the outcome of my own work and submitted by me for
the partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of MBA. The record is my own work and
was neither published nor submitted before for the award of any degree or any Professional
diploma to any other University or Institute.

Date- Name: JYOTI PRAKASH BARIK

Place: Regd. No.:0806260005

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely thank my corporate guide Mr. Sarada Kanta Das (Faculty of ACSTI, Orissa
State Cooperative Bank Ltd. Bhubaneswar) for giving me this opportunity to work in their
esteemed organization and helping me for completing the project in a successful manner.
Without their encouragement and help, this project would have been incomplete.
I also want to say my sincere thanks to my team members for their co-operation and co-
ordination during the training.
I extend my thanks and gratitude to my internal faculty guide Prof. Prof. Narayan
Chandra Samal who has provide me continuous and constant support in the way of the
accomplishment of my project .
Last but not the least I am thankful to almighty God, my family and my friends for their
love and moral support.

Place: JYOTI PRAKASH BARIK


Date: Regd.No-0806260005

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CONTENTS
Serial. No. TITLE PAGE NO.

Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 –Introduction of the Study 9
1.2- Purpose of Study 9
1.3 -Place of Study 10
1.4 -Scope of Study 10
1.5 -Objective of the study 11
1.6 –Methodology 11
1.7 -Data collection 12
1.8 –Tools 12
1.9 –Limitation 12

Chapter-2 PROFILE OF BANK


2.1 –Introduction to Banking Industry 14
2.2 –Growth of Indian Financial Sector 18
2.3 –Co-operative Banks in India 19
2.4 -About Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd. 20
2.5 –Financial Highlights of OSCB Ltd. 30
2.6 –Retail Banking of OSCB Ltd. 39
2.7 –Introduction of Corporate Governance 40

Chapter-3 PROJECT OVERVIEW


3.1 –Introduction of Financial Statement 43
3.2 -Meaning and Concept of Financial Analysis 43
3.3 - Objective of Financial Statement Analysis 44
3.4 -Types of Financial Analysis 44
3.5 -Procedure of Financial Statement Analysis 46
3.6 -Methods and Devices of Financial Analysis 47
3.7 -Limitation of financial Analysis 50
3.8 -Overview of Ratio Analysis 51

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Chapter-4 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 -Comparative Balance Sheet 56
4.2 -Comparative Income Statement 60
4.3 -Ratio Analysis 62

Chapter-5 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS


5.1 -Findings 68
5.2 –Suggestions 69

Serial. No. TITLE PAGE NO.

Chapter-6 CONCLUSION 71

BIBLIOGRAPHY 72

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CHAPTER-1

Introduction
1.1 –Introduction of the Study
1.2- Purpose of Study
1.3 -Place of Study
1.4 -Scope of Study
1.5 -Objective of the study
1.6 -Methodology
1.7 -Data collection
1.8 -Tools
1.9 -Limitation

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 –Introduction of the Study:

Finance is defined as the provision of money when it is required. Every


enterprise needs finance to start and carry out its operation. Finance is the lifeblood
of an organization. So, finance should be managed effectively.
Financial statements are prepared primarily for decision making. Financial
Statement Analysis refers to the process of determining financial strength and
weakness of the firm by properly establishing strategic relationship between the
items of the balance sheet and profit and loss account. There are various methods
and techniques used in analyzing financial statements, such as comparative
statements, trend analysis, common size statements, schedule of changes in
working capital, funds flow and cash flow analysis, cost volume profit analysis and
ratio analysis and other operative data. The analysis of financial statement is used
for decision making by various parties.

 First task is to analyze and select the information which is requiring taking
decision.

 Second task is to arrange the information in a way to highlight significant


relationship.

 Final task is the interpretation and drawing of inferences and conclusions.

1.2 -Purpose of Study

The present study is made as a part of the MBA programme for training in
the form of on the job training with the following activities.

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 To know the financial position of the OSCB ltd.

 The bank has the strength to fulfill its obligation or not.


 Find out strength and weakness of OSCB ltd.

 Performance of OSCB ltd. for granting credit, providing loan and making
investment.

 Growth rate of OSCB ltd.

 Know the liquidity position of OSCB ltd.

 Know the long term solvency of OSCB ltd.

 Know the operating efficiency of OSCB ltd.

 Know the overall profitability of OSCB ltd.

1.3- Place of Study

All the activities are carried out in the Orissa State Co-operative Bank
Ltd. Bhubaneswar.

1.4- Scope of Study


 The data and information were gathered during training.

 The scope is limited to the secondary data only.

 The scope is delimited to the year 2001-02 to 2007-08.

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1.5- Objectives of the study:

 The role objective of the project is to help the management of the


organization in decision making, regarding the subject matter.
 Calculation of financial statement and ratio is only the clerical task whereas
the interpretation of its needs immense skill, intelligence and
foresightedness.
 One of the easiest and most popular ways of evaluating performance of the
organization is to compare its present ratios with the past ones called
comparison and through development action plan.
 It gives an indication of the direction of change and reflects whether the
oraganisation’s financial position and performance has improved,
deteriorated or remained constant over period of time.
 Here much emphasis is given to historical comparison and on forecasting the
immediate future trends.

1.6- Methodology:

The research involved extensive and intensive studies of Orissa State Co-
operative Bank ltd. Bhubaneswar. In this project report a sincere effort has
been made to study the financial statements analysis of the bank. During
this study, I study the financial position and performance of the bank. At last, I
have given interpretation and conclusion of the study.

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1.7- Data collection:
The whole of my study is based on secondary data of OSCB Ltd. I have
not taken any primary data for my study because primary data would not have been
helpful to my study. During the tenure of my study I have taken help of the
following secondary data.
 Annual report of OSCB Ltd.
 Annual audit report of OSCB Ltd.
 Balance sheet of OSCB Ltd.
 Development action plan of OSCB Ltd.
 Profit and Loss account of OSCB Ltd.

1.8- Tools:
There are some of the tools, which are relevant for the study of ratio analysis
and performance of OSCB Ltd. are
 Comparative statements;
 Trend Analysis;
 Common-size statements;
 Funds flow Analysis;
 Cash flow Analysis;
 Cost volume profit Analysis;
 Ratio analysis.

1.9- Limitation:

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 It is only based on mathematical interpretation of the figures and ignores the
factors such as management style, motivation of workers, leadership etc.
 It is affected by the price level changes.
 It does not give any clue for future.

CHAPTER-2

Profile of bank

2.1 –Introduction to Banking Industry


2.2 –Growth of Indian Financial Sector
2.3 –Co-operative Banks in India
2.4 -About Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.
2.5 –Financial Highlights of Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.
2.6 –Retail Banking of Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.
2.7 –Introduction of Corporate Governance by OSCB Ltd.

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2.1-Introduction to Banking Industry

Introduction:
Modern banking in India is said to be developed during the British era. In the 1st half of
the 18th century, the British East India Company established three banks -the Bank of Bengal in
1809, the Bank of Bombay in 1840 and the Bank of Madras in 1843. But in the course of time
these three banks were amalgamated to a new bank called Imperial Bank and later it was taken
over by the State Bank of India in 1955. Allahabad Bank was the first fully Indian owned bank.
The Reserve Bank of India was established in 1935 followed by other banks like Punjab National
Bank, Bank of India, Canara Bank and Indian Bank.
In 1969, 14 major banks were nationalized and in 1980, 6 major private sector banks
were taken over by the government. Today, commercial banking system in India is divided into
following categories.

Types of Banking:

1. Central Bank

The Reserve Bank of India is the central Bank that is fully owned by the government. It is
governed by a central board (Headed by a Governor) appointed by the Central Government. It
issues guidelines for the functioning of all banks operating within the country.
2. Public Sector Banks

A. State Bank of India and its associate banks called the State Bank Group
B. 19 Nationalized Banks
C. Regional Rural Banks mainly sponsored by public sector banks

3. Private Sector Banks

A. Old generation private banks


B. New generation private banks
C. Foreign banks operating in India

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D. Scheduled co-operative banks
E. Non-scheduled banks

4. Co-operative Sector
The co-operative sector is very much useful for rural people. The co-operative banking
sector is divided into the following categories:
A. State co-operative Banks
B. Central co-operative banks
C. Primary Agriculture Credit Societies

5. Development Banks/Financial Institutions

A. IFCI
B. IDBI
C. ICICI
D. IIBI
E. SCICI Ltd.
F. NABARD
G. Export-Import Bank of India
H. National Housing Bank
I. Small Industries Development Bank of India
J. North Eastern Development Finance Corporation

Banking Services:
Banking in India is so convenient and hassle free that one (individual, groups or whatever
the case may be) can easily process transactions as and when required. The most common
services offered by banks in India are as follow:

" Bank Accounts: It is the most common service of the banking sector. An individual can
open a bank account which can be either savings, current or term deposits.
" Loans: You can approach all banks for different kinds of loans. It can be a home loan, car
loan, and personal loan, loan against shares and educational loans.
" Money Transfer: Banks can transfer money from one corner of the globe to the other by
issuing demand drafts, money orders or cheques.
" Credit and Debit cards: Most of the banks offer credit cards to their customer which can
be used to purchase goods and services on credit. On the other hand debit card also used to draw
cash easily.
" Lockers: Most banks have safe deposit lockers which can be used by the customers for
storing valuable, important documents or jewellery.
Banking Services for NRIs:
Non Resident Indians or NRIs can open accounts in almost all Indian banks. The three types of
accounts that NRIs can open are:
" Non-Resident (Ordinary) Account - NRO A/c
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" Non-Resident (External) Rupee Account - NRE A/c
" Non-Resident (Foreign Currency) Account - FCNR A/c

Banking and Finance:

Banking industry in India has evolved lately under the impact of the stimulus packages
announced by the Government. According to the Annual Policy 2008-09 of the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI), the central bank, key monetary aggregates have witnessed some growth in 2008-09.
This is reflected in the changing liquidity positions arising from domestic and global financial
conditions and the policy initiatives taken by the government. Also, reserve money variations
during 2008-09 have largely reflected an increase in currency in circulation and reduction in the
cash reserve ratio (CRR) of banks.

According to a study by Dun & Bradstreet (an international research body)-"India's Top Banks
2008"-there has been a significant growth in the banking infrastructure. Taking into account all
banks in India, there are overall 56,640 branches or offices, 893,356 employees and 27,088
ATMs. Public sector banks made up a large chunk of the infrastructure, with 87.7 per cent of all
offices, 82 per cent of staff and 60.3 per cent of all automated teller machines (ATMs).
The Credit Scenario
The year-on-year (y-o-y) aggregate bank deposits stood at 21.2 per cent as on January 2, 2009.
Bank credit touched 24 per cent (y-o-y) on January 2, 2009 as against 21.4 per cent on January 4,
2008. The year-on-year (y-o-y) growth in non-food bank credit at 23.9 per cent as on January 2,
2009 was higher than that of 22.0 per cent as on January 4, 2008. Increase in total flow of
resources from the banking sector to the commercial sector was also higher at 23.4 per cent as
compared with 21.7 per cent a year ago. The incremental credit-deposit ratio rose to 81.4 per cent
as on January 2, 2009, as against 63.1 per cent as on January 4, 2008. Also, during 2008-09 so
far, the total flow of resources to the commercial sector from banks stood at US$ 58.83 billion up
to January 2, 2009. Scheduled commercial banks' credit to the commercial sector expanded by
27.0 per cent (y-o-y) as on November 21, 2008, as compared with 23.1 per cent a year ago.

There has been variation in credit expansion across bank groups. Credit expansion as on January
2, 2009 for public sector banks stood at 28.6 per cent, scheduled commercial banks (SCBs)
including the regional rural banks (RRBs) at 24 per cent, foreign banks at 6.9 per cent and
private sector banks at 11.8 per cent, according to the Annual Policy for 2008-09 of Reserve
Bank of India.

Several measures initiated by the Reserve Bank have resulted in banks reducing their deposit and
lending rates between November 2008 and January 2009. The range for deposit rates for public
sector banks varied from 5.25 to 8.5 per cent, foreign at 5.25 to 7.75 per cent and private sector
banks at 4 to 8.75 per cent. In the post-crisis quarter caused due to collapse of Lehman Brothers,
large corporate like Infosys moved their deposits to State Bank of India (SBI), the country's

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largest bank. Infosys has revealed that it transferred deposits of nearly US$ 200.61 million from
ICICI Bank to SBI last year.

Deposits as on January 2, 2009 for public sector banks stood at 24.2 per cent, scheduled
commercial banks (SCBs) including the regional rural banks (RRBs) at 21.2 per cent, foreign
banks at 12.1 per cent and private sector banks at 13.4 per cent, according to the Annual Policy
for 2008-09 of the Reserve Bank of India.

The prime lending rates of public sector banks stood at 12 to 12.5 per cent, private sector banks
at 14.75 to 16.75 per cent and foreign banks 14.25 to 15.50 per cent as on January 2009.

Bank loans rose 18.1 per cent on year-on-year basis as on March 13, the RBI has said in its
Weekly Statistical Supplement released on March 27, 2009. Outstanding loans rose to US$
541.82 billion in the two weeks to March 13. The non-food credit rose to US$ 530.19 billion in
the two weeks, while food credit stood at US$ 9.61 billion in the same period.

Since October 2008, the central bank has cut the cash reserve ratio, or the proportion of deposits
that banks set aside, and the repo rate, or the rate at which it lends to banks, by 400 basis points
each to inject liquidity into the system and activate a lower interest rate regime. Also, the reverse
repo rate has been lowered by 200 basis points to discourage banks from parking surplus funds
with RBI. Till April 7, 2009, the CRR had further been lowered by 50 basis points, while the
repo and reverse repo rates have been lowered by 150 basis points each. Public sector banks have
pruned their benchmark prime lending rates (BPLRs) by 150-200 basis points. Also, in April
2009, private sector banks such as Axis and Bank of Rajasthan have reduced their BPLRs by 50
basis points. Only few foreign banks such as Citibank have pared home loan rates by 50 basis
points to 13.75 per cent.

The rupee depreciated during 2008-09, reflecting varied developments in international financial
markets and portfolio outflows by foreign institutional investors (FIIs). The rupee exchange rate
was between 48.37 to 49.19 against the US dollar and 63.60-68.09 against the Euro in January
2009.

Government Initiatives
Apart from the bank rate cuts announced in the stimulus packages, cash withdrawals from bank
will not attract tax from April 1, 2009 following abolition of the banking cash transaction tax
(BCTT) in the Union Budget 2008-09. The total collection of BCTT stood at US$ 120.36 million
in 2008-09. Also, inter-ATM usage transaction became free of charges effective April 1, 2009.
Exchange rate used: 1 USD = 49.8417 INR

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2.2-GROWTH OF INDIAN FINANCIAL SECTOR

The Indian economy continued to record strong growth during 2007-08, albeit with some
moderation. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate at 9.0 per cent during 2007-08
moderated from 9.6 per cent during 2006-07, reflecting some slow down in industry and
services. A positive feature during the year was a recovery in the growth of real GDP originating
in the agricultural sector, after the slowdown experienced in the previous year. Despite this
moderation, the overall growth rate of the Indian economy during 2007-08 was noteworthy in the
global context.

During 2007-08, the growth of real GDP originating from the industrial sector decelerated to 8.2
per cent as against 10.6 per cent in 2006-07. In terms of Index of Industrial Production (IIP),
industrial growth was at 8.5 per cent as against 11.5 per cent in 2006-07. Manufacturing sector
growth at 9.0 per cent during 2007-08 (12.5 per cent during 2006-07) was the lowest in the last
four years. The mining and electricity sectors also grew at a slower pace during 2007-08. In
terms of use-based classification, the performance of the capital goods sector was particularly
impressive with 18.0 per cent growth.

However, the basic goods, intermediate goods and consumer goods sectors recorded decelerated
growth of 7.0 per cent, 8.9 per cent and 6.1 per cent, respectively, during 2007-08. The
performance of the industrial sector was also affected by the subdued performance of the
infrastructure sector, registering 5.6 per cent growth during 2007-08. The services sector
recorded double digit growth consistently in the last three years. It grew by 10.7 per cent during
2007-08, on top of 11.2 per cent growth in 2006-07

The Reserve Bank during 2007-08 had to contend with large variations in liquidity not only due
to swings in cash balances of the Central Government, but also on account of large and volatile
capital flows. The Reserve Bank judiciously used the CRR, LAF and MSS to manage such
swings in liquidity conditions, consistent with the objectives of price and financial stability. As a
whole, there was a net absorption of liquidity on 171 days and net injection of liquidity on 75
days during 2007- 08. The average daily net outstanding balances under LAF varied between
injection of Rs.10,804 crore during December 2007 to absorption of Rs.36,665 crore in October

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2007. Net issuances under the Market Stabilisation Scheme (MSS) during 2007-08 amounted to
Rs.1,05,691 crore.

In the foreign exchange market, the Indian rupee exhibited two-way movements in the range of
Rs.39.26-43.15 per US dollar during 2007-08. The Indian rupee depreciated to Rs.41.58 per US
dollar on August 17, 2007 from Rs.40.43 per US dollar on July 31, 2007. The exchange rate of
the rupee appreciated thereafter up to January 2008. The rupee moved in a range of Rs.39.26-
39.84 per US dollar during October 2007- January 2008. However, the rupee started depreciating
against the US dollar from the beginning of February 2008 on account of FII outflows, rising
crude oil prices and heavy dollar demand by oil companies. The exchange rate of the rupee was
Rs.39.99 per US dollar at end-March 2008.

2.3-Co-operative Banks in India

The Co operative banks in India started functioning almost 100 years ago. The Cooperative bank
is an important constituent of the Indian Financial System, judging by the role assigned to co
operative, the expectations the co operative is supposed to fulfil, their number, and the number of
offices the cooperative bank operate. Though the co operative movement originated in the West,
but the importance of such banks have assumed in India is rarely paralleled anywhere else in the
world. The cooperative bank in India plays an important role even today in rural financing. The
businesses of cooperative bank in the urban areas also have increased phenomenally in recent
years due to the sharp increase in the number of primary co-operative banks.
Co operative Banks in India are registered under the Co-operative Societies Act. The cooperative
bank is also regulated by the RBI. They are governed by the Banking Regulations Act 1949 and
Banking Laws (Co-operative Societies) Act, 1965.

Cooperative banks in India finance rural areas under:


i. Farming
ii. Cattle
iii. Milk
iv. Hatchery
v. Personal finance

Cooperative banks in India finance urban areas under:


i. Self-employment
ii. Industries
iii. Small scale units
iv. Home finance
v. Consumer finance
vi. Personal finance

Some facts about Cooperative banks in India


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i. Some cooperative banks in India are more forward than many of the state and private
sector banks.
ii. According to NAFCUB the total deposits & landings of Cooperative Banks in India is
much more than Old Private Sector Banks & also the New Private Sector Banks.
iii. This exponential growth of Co operative Banks in India is attributed mainly to their much
better local reach, personal interaction with customers, and their ability to catch the nerve of the
local clientele.

2.4-About Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.

The Orissa State Co-operative Bank, a Scheduled Bank under RBI Act was registered in
the year 1948 as the Apex Bank of the short term Coop. Credit structure of Orissa with an
objective of Development of the agrarian economy of Orissa by catching the credit equipment of
the terms of the state.
The OSCB had made a humble beginning with a Share Capital of Rs. 1.76 lakhs and a
borrowing of Rs.25.50 lakhs to address the problem of farm credit dispensation. The OSCB, in
its own way has contributed in providing farm credit and inputs to bring the desired change over
the years. The Bank has been trying to develop the primary societies viz. PACS (Primary
Agricultural Co-operative Society) which constitutes of schemes as LAMPS (Large Scale
Agriculture Multipurpose Co-operative Society) / FSS (Farmers Service Co-operative Society).
The activities of the OSCB are not confined to dispensation of farm credit alone. As a
schedule bank, it has responded to the sweeping change in banking service in view of
advancement in Information Techchnology.
The Bank has assumed the role of leader of the Coop - Credit Structure to develop the
lower tiers to cope with the emerging challenges of banking activities. The activities of OSCB
are
 General Banking Business
 Re-finance to the DCCB
 Dispensation of farms credit
 Production Credit

Who's Who

MEMBERS OF THE MANAGING COMMITTEE OF ORISSA STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK


LIMITED, BHUBANESWAR

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Sri Jagneswar President
Smt. Kamalini Mohanty Vice President
Sri R.N. Dash, IAS
Managing Director

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Our Inception and Corporatization

General Banking Business:

The Bank has been accepting deposits from the public and offering all banking facilities to
its customers through its fully computerized branches and extension counts at Bhubaneswar,
Cuttack, Paradeep, Sambalpur. The Banking services offered by the banks include acceptance of all
types of deposits, bills, and exchange, issues of letter of credit, advancing loans to farm and non-
farm sector.

Provision of locker facilities. The bank has made a humble beginning in providing ATM
facility in its Main Branch at Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru Marg.Bhubaneswar for providing Any Time
Banking. This facility shall be provided in all the served cities soon. Integration of all the branches
and extension counters are on the anvil to provide Anywhere Banking Services.

Refinance to DCCBs:

The OSCB came into existence to support the lending activities of its affiliated DCCBs.
The Bank provides refinance to them to pursue the following activities.

(i) Dispensation of farm Credit:

Product Credit:

In Orissa, 39.48 lakh farmers have been enrolled as members of the primary Agriculture Coop.
Societies (PACS)/Large Sized Agriculture

And Multi Purpose Co-operative Societies (LAMPS)/Farmers Services Societies (FSS).The Farm
credit requirement of the farmer is met by these societies by availing loans from the DCCBs. The
OSCB extends

Refinance facilities to the DCCBs for financing the PACS. During 1999-2000, Rs. 426.23 Crores
were disbursed to 6.76 lakhs farmers in the state.

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Investment
23 Credit:

The Bank has been dispensing investment credit for Minor Irrigation, Farm Mechanization, Dairy,
Poultry, Horticulture, Plantation, Sericulture etc. through the DCCBs and PACS/LAMPS/FSS. The
dispensation of investment credit and closely monitor the financing, utilization etc.

(ii) Non-farm sector Financing:

The OSCB has facilitated the DCCBs diversifying into financing of non-farm sectors. The DCCBs
have been dispensing non-farm credit to small-scale industries in shape of block capital and
working capitals. Loans are also advanced for trading activities, purchase of commercial vehicles,
housing etc. With refinance support from the OSCB. The branches of the banks are also proving
these loans directly.

(iii) Handloom sectors financing:

The OSCB has been financing the handloom cooperative societies


For production and marketing through DCCBs. The Orissa State Handloom Weavers Society is
directly financed by the Bank.

The Indian Banking Scenario:

SCB (State Co-operative Bank)

CCB (Cental Co-operative Bank)

UCB (Urban Co-operative Bank)

PCB (Primary Co-operative Bank)

SCARDB (State Co-operative Agro-


Rural Development Bank)

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Direct Finance by OSCB

The OSCB has directly financed the Sugar Industries in the


state to help the cultivators to get remunerative prices for
their sugarcane crop. It has also financed the Orissa State
Coop Marketing Federation for fertilizers business. Besides
the following large units are also financed by the bank.

a. Neelachal Ispat Nigam –Large Scale Steel Industry


b. Kalinga Hospital- Corporate Hospital
c. Bilati (Orissa) Ltd. – Tropical Food processing Chairman and MD of OSCB in
Unit. a discussion with MD
d. Flour Mills NABARD Mr. Y.C. Nanda
e. Press about Credit Expantion

f. Mass Media

Promotional and Development Role

As The Apex Bank of the Coop Credit Structure, the bank has assumed the role of
leadership to develop the structure to face the emerging challenge in banking business.
The Following activities have been taken by the bank in these regards.

i. Introduction of Kisan Credit Card: - The OSCB has been facilitated dispensation of
entire farm credit through Kisan Credit Card only to enable the farmer members to
get instant credit. The DCCBs with the help of the Bank have transformed 813
primary societies as Mini Banks who have mobilized Rs. 250 crores from the rural
areas.

ii. Information Technology in DCCBs :- The OSCB has taken the responsibility to
computerize the operation of the DCCBs to face the challenge from their commercial
counterparts. The software package is finalized for the purpose.

iii. Face lift of the branches of DCCBs and the Mini Bank: - The Bank has been
providing regular assistance for the face-lift of the DCCB Branches and PACS. The
NABARD has also help 200 PACS with financial assistance for improvement of
infrastructure facilities.

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iv. Organization and linkage of self-help Groups:-The Banks has been patronizing and
close monitoring organization of self help groups at primary level and monitoring the
progress.

v. Human Resources Development: - The OSCB has been maintaining a Training


Institute to impart training to the personnel of DCCBs and PACS/ LAMPS/FSS.
Regular Training programs is conducted by the institute for the purpose.

vi. Conduct of Study:- To find out the reasons for low off- take of farm
Credit, the bank had appointed all four Universities of the states. They have given
their reports basing on which corrective actions have been taken. The bank has also
undertaken a study on functioning of SHGs in West Bengal to emulate their
experience in the state.

vii. Preparation of development Action Plan and Signing Of MOU:-


At the behest of OSCB, the DCCBs have been preparing DAPs and Signing MOU
with the Bank and NABARD. This effort of the banks has created a cost
consciousness among the lowest tiers and their turn over has increased manifold.

viii. Image Building: The Bank has been undertaking advertisement through hoarding
and electronics media to boost up the images of the entire credit structure.

ix. NABARD as partner of the Bank: - The NABARD has been extending required
support to the Bank to accomplish its objectives.
The assistance include liberal and confessional refinance, assistance from Coop
Development Fund, Support to the women Development cell, Technical, monitoring
and Evaluation Cell, Faculty support to the Training Institute Etc.

x. Excellence Recognized:- The National Federation of state Coop Banks (NAFSCOB)


has awarded the Bank for its outstanding performance for consecutive four years.
The NABARD has also awarded the bank for its performance during 1997-98. The
Bank has been achieving all the MOU Parameters.

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xi. Profits since Inception: - The Bank has been earning profit since its inception and
paying divided to its shareholders uninterruptedly.

xii. Corporate Vision:- The Bank aims at a vibrant Coop. Credit Structure by
strengthening PACS and DCCBs , best customer services through computerization
and anytime-anywhere Banking and above all a satisfied clientele.

OSCB Ltd. Network

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 Angul United CCB
 Aska CCB
 Balasore Bhadrak CCB
 Banki CCB
 Berahampur CCB
 Bhawanipatana CCB
 Bolangir DCCB
 Boudh CCB
  Cuttack CCB

 Keonjhar CCB
 Khurda CCB
 Koraput CCB
 Mayurbhanj CCB
 Nayagarh CCB
 Sambalpur DCCB
 Sundaragarh CCB
 United Puri Nimapara CCB

Short Term Credit Co-operative Banking Sector

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STATUS PAPER ON SHORT TERM COOPERATIVE CREDIT STRUCTURE IN ORISSA

The short term cooperative credit in Orissa comprising 2714 PACS (including 218 LAMPS
and 6 FSS) at the grass roots level, 17 District Central Cooperative Banks at the middle rung and
Orissa State Cooperative Bank at the apex level have been rendering yeomen’s service to the
farming community. From out of around 50 lakh agricultural families, 44.98 lakh families have
become members of the PACS taking the coverage to 90%.

Progress in coverage of members during past 5 years :


(No. in lakhs)

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Year No. of No. of % of coverage No. of
Agril. members of membership indebted
families) enrolled to total no. of members
Agril. families
1997- 39.48 34.60 87.06 13.66
98
1998- 39.48 36.58 92.65 14.78
99
1999- 39.48 37.72 95.50 14.97
00
2000- 50.14 38.89 77.78 16.10
01*
2001- 50.14 39.33 78.66 16.09
02*
2002- 50.14 39.33 79.44 15.57
03
2003- 50.14 40.56 80.89 17.21
04
2004- 50.14 44.75 89.25 22.91
05
2005- 50.14 44.98 89.70
06
2006- 50.14 44.98 89.70
07
(* As per the 2001 census)

Mobilisation of resources and strategy to minimize resource cost:


Although the short term cooperative credit structure in Orissa is dispensing 66% of the crop
loan disbursed in the State, the market share in total deposit resources mobilised in the State is only
5%. When the credit deposit ratio of the banks of the entire State was 81.42% as on 31.12.2006,
the same is 154% in case of OSCB and DCCBs together. The picture clearly tells that whereas the
entire deposits mobilised by the OSCB and DCCBs are deployed inside the State, other banks
deploy only a part of their resources. Although the Chief Secretary has advised all govt.
departments and PSUs to deploy their surplus resources with OSCB, the response has not been
very positive. The comparative picture is given below:

Market share of Cooperative Banks/Commercial Banks in Deposit


(Rs. In crores)
Mobilisation.
Year CommercialInstitute
Rourkela Coop. Bank Total Share
of Management of Coop.
Studies, Share
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30
1998-99 10640.75 766.21 11406.96 6.71% 93.28%
1999-00 12653.12 951.33 13604.45 6.99% 93.01%
2000-01 14818.66 1180.95 15999.61 7.38% 92.62%
2001-02 18689.18 1406.85 20112.91 7.08% 92.92%
2002-03 21006.85 1591.85 22598.70 7.04% 92.95%
2003-04 23359.86 1761.25 25121.11 7.01% 92.99%
2004-05 27372.64 1863.49 29226.13 6.38% 93.62%
2005-06 31966.97 1955.75 33922.72 5.76% 94.22%
2006-07 36434.39 1985.96 38420.35 5.16% 94.84%
(31.12.06)

CD Ratio (As on 31.12.2006):


CD Ratio
Entire State 81.42
Commercial Banks 75.94
OSCB/ CCBs 154.29

2.5-Financial Highlights Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.

The Orissa State Co-operative Bank has made strides in many key areas and achieved all targets
setup in the Development Action Plan (DAP). The funds comprising of paid of capital and
resource, deposit and borrowing are the main resource of the bank. A Major chunk of this

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resources are deployed under the loans and advances to the affiliated central Cooperative Banks,
Member society and individuals for different purpose under farm and non-farm sectors.

The Statutory investment requirement under RBI Act and BR Act are met by investment in
Central/State Governance Securities and others approved trustee securities, seasonal investible
surpluses are deployed in call and short term deposits with commercial banks, to maximize as
yield on assets.

Besides remaining vigilant over judicious deployment of funds, the banks is also making
concerted efforts to bring down the level of non earning assets of the banks and increase the
financial margin.

Seasonal investible surplus are deployed in call and short


terms deposits with commercial banks and DFHI etc. to
maximise the yields on assets. Beside remaining vigilant
over judicious deployment of funds, the bank is also
making concerted efforts to bring down the level of non-
earning assets of the bank and increase the financial
margin. Also see the Profit & Dividend of OSCB
The Bank since its inception operated above the break even level and attained sustainable
viability long since. As a result the bank continued to build up its Reserves and Funds as per the
provision of the bye-laws. The total Reserves at the end of 1997-1998 stood at Rs.5752.52 Lakh
as against Rs.4711.00 Lakh in 1996-97 .Quantumwise, the reserves incresed by Rs.1041.52 Lakh
during the year, recording growth rate of 22.11 % .

Sources And Uses of Funds


Important financial indicators of OSCB and DCCBs during past 4 years.
OSCB (Rs. in Lakhs)
Sl. Particulars 2003-04
Rourkela Institute 2004-05
of 2005-06 Studies,
Management 2006-07 2007-08 Percentage
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1 Share Capital 4958.32 5168.62 6437.98 6976.86 7137.58 8.37%
2 Reserve Fund 13917.91 16749.31 18492.47 20173.87 21530.15 9.09%
3 Own Fund 18876.23 21917.93 24930.45 27150.73 -- 8.91%
4 Deposits 102601.38 107850.94 121315.98 129586.23 156626.80 6.82%
5 Borrowings 75573.56 69151.18 95434.17 125141.36 166593.24 31.13%
6 Working 212573.39 214139.32 257252.88 295086.90 --
Fund 14.71%
7 Loans 109908.08 127898.44 168220.52 193761.25 --
outstanding 15.18%
8 Investments 83288.41 68195.11 71145.27 88822.10 56455.67 24.84%
9 Per employee 952.96 1106.80 1385.34 1562.06 --
business 12.76%
10 Net profit 1347.51 1744.43 1969.39 916.00 -- 8.37%
11 Dividend 6% 7% 7%

CCBs (Rs. in Crores


Particulars 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
1. Own fund 181.57 212.18 231.13 266.23
2. Deposits 1569.25 1749.58 1830.35 1940.35
3. Loans & Advances 1820.99 2102.26 2346.14 2746.35
4. Working Capital 2897.44 3224.43 3577.53 4141.60
5. Cost of Management(COM) 49.63 51.72 53.83 55.56
6. % of COM to WC 1.71 1.60 1.50 1.34
7. CCBs earning operating profit 13 15 17 16
8. Profit/Loss -7.25/ +9.75 -1.95+17.25 +46.33 -2.40 +13.23
105.95 94.77 53.90 46.61
9. Accumulated Losses

Reserves:
The Bank since its inception operated above the break even level and attained
sustainable viability long since. As a result, the bank continued to build up its Reservers and
Funds as per the provision of the bye-laws. The total Reserves at the end of 1998-99 stood at
Rs.7092.22 Lakh as against Rs. 5752.52 Lakh in 1997-98. Quantumwise, the reserves increased
by Rs. 1339.70 Lakh during the year, recording growthrate of 23.29 % .

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Composition of Reserves and Funds of the Bank from 1996-97 along with year-wise growth rate
are indicated below.

Rs in Lakh
Types of Reservers
1996-97 1997-98 1998-99
Statutory Reserve Fund 404.07 439.18 484.68
Agril,Credit
1803.83 1966.45 2050.64
Stabilisation
Other Reservers 2503.10 3346.89 4556.90
Total : 4711.00 5752.52 7092.22

Growth Rate of Reserves ( In Lakh)


Year Amount wise Increase
Amount Percentage of Growth
over Last Year
1996 - 97 4711.00 193.25 4.28%
1997 - 98 5752.52 1041.52 22.11%
1998 - 99 7092.22 1339.70 23.29%

Deposits
(Rs. in Crores
Deposit Mobilisation.
Year PACS CCB OSCB

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Total Deposit % of Growth Total % of Total % of Growth
during the Deposit Growth Deposit during the
yr. during the yr.
yr.
1999- 238.97 42 951.33 24 560.06 34
2000
2000- 321.58 30 1188.96 25 731.27 31
2001
2001- 425.47 10 1406.85 18 874.82 20
2002
2002- 432.75 2 1569.25 13 886.12 1
2003
2003- 446.82 3 1761.25 12 1026.01 16
2004
2004- 494.85 11 1853.48 5 1078.32 5
2005
2005- 516.33 4 1955.75 6 1213.16 12
2006
2006- 557.07 8 2126.80 9 1295.86 7
2007

Borrowings

Disbursement of schematic loans:

The short term cooperative credit structure is not lagging behind in financing investment credit
for acquisition of capital assets by the farmer members to increase agriculture production and
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productivity by adopting modern technology. The DCCBs and PACS with the assistance of
OSCB have been financing activities like plantation and horticulture, sericulture, pisciculture,
farm mechanisation, small road transport operators, small business, small scale industries, etc.
both under farm and non farm sector. The financing for the purpose during last 8 years is given
as follows:

Schematic finance during last five years (Rs. in Crores


Year Finance under Farm Sector Finance under Non-farm Total
Sector
Target Achievement Target Achievement Target Achievement
No. Amt. No. Amt. No. Amt.
1999-00 4700.00 6430 2031.88 5300.00 3153 2092.69 10000.00 9583 4124.57
2000-01 6300.00 13291 3765.41 3700.00 3581 1905.20 10000.00 16872 5670.61
2001-02 5560.00 13287 2793.90 2440.00 4677 1219.39 8000.00 17964 4013.29
2002-03 5310.00 5330 2001.55 2095.00 70.72 1950.73 7405.00 12342 3952.28
2003-04 5000.00 2566 1114.54 2500.00 13306 3402.41 7500.00 15872 4516.95
2004-05 5000.00 5661 1693.82 5000.00 24225 3247.66 10000.00 29886 4941.48
2005-06 9500.00 8672 2736.39 5000.00 15679 3717.40 14500.00 24351 6453.79
2006-07 12800.00 10766 3937.78 10000.00 19030 3992.71 22800.00 29796 7930.49

Crop Loan

Dispensation of crop loan:


In Orissa, around 79% of the population depend on agriculture and allied activities for their
livelihood. Large number of farmers requires farm credit for their seasonal agricultural
operations. The short term cooperative credit structure has been providing the major chunk of
crop loan over the years and supporting the farmer members at the time of natural calamities to
raise fresh crops. The details are as under:
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Market share in crop loan financing by cooperative banks versus commercial
(Rs. in Crores
banks:
Year Target as per annual credit Achievement Market share
plan
Coop. Commercial Total Coop. Commercial Total Coop. Commercial
Banks Banks/ Banks Banks Banks Banks
RRBs
1998- 265.26 132.15 397.41 329.02 133.98 463.00 71% 29%
99
1999- 373.96 150.85 524.81 426.24 168.54 594.78 72% 28%
00
2000- 492.78 167.77 660.55 438.36 189.85 628.21 70% 30%
01
2001- 550.55 189.89 740.44 537.23 240.92 778.15 69% 31%
02
2002- 688.77 213.19 909.96 615.54 283.47 899.01 68% 32%
03
2003- 718.15 255.41 973.56 742.49 331.66 1074.15 69% 31%
04
2004- 903.51 467.49 1371.00 959.67 539.98 1499.65 64% 36%
05
2005- 1283.36 570.84 1854.20 1394.53 728.93 2123.46 66% 34%
06
2006- 1545.82 790.15 2335.97 1559.16 678.80 2237.96
07 (as on
31.01.07)

The season-wise disbursement of crop loans by the PACS with effect from 1998-99 is given
below for the appreciation of the pivotal role played by the structure.

(Rs. In crores)
Season wise credit delivery/short term (seasonal agricultural
(Membership in
operation) [ST(SAO)]
lakhs

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Year Khariff Rabi Total Growth
Target No. of Amt. Target No. of Amt. Target No. of Amt. rate
Memb Memb Memb
1994- 70.00 2.41 66.29 35.00 1.36 34.44 105.00 3.77 100.73
95
1995- 81.20 3.82 116.53 46.00 1.01 39.54 127.20 4.83 156.07
96
1996- 127.35 3.30 116.91 63.70 1.12 46.38 191.05 4.42 163.29
97
1997- 150.00 3.44 133.12 75.00 1.44 68.65 225.00 4.88 201.77
98
1998- 230.00 4.20 206.44 125.00 1.95 112.75 355.00 6.15 319.19
99
1999- 305.30 3.97 262.51 283.00 2.79 163.73 588.50 6.76 426.24 36%
00
2000- 352.00 4.63 310.87 200.00 1.77 127.49 552.00 6.40 438.36 3%
01
2001- 400.00 4.58 313.24 220.00 2.87 223.99 620.00 7.45 537.23 23%
02
2002- 350.00 5.16 429.66 290.00 2.14 185.88 640.00 7.30 615.54 15%
03
2003- 450.00 5.12 426.36 252.00 3.60 316.13 702.00 8.72 742.49 21%
04
2004- 500.00 6.24 568.49 425.00 3.62 391.18 925.00 9.86 959.67 29%
05
2005- 750.00 7.51 764.35 600.00 5.53 630.18 1350.00 13.04* 1394.53 44%
06
2006- 850.00 7.30 837.47 650.00 5.74 721.70 1500.00 13.04 1559.16
07

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Facilities

After careful cosideration of the trend and to mobile sizeable deposits as per target, the rate of
intrest on term deposit has been revised. The revised rate of intres shall be effect to from
11.02.2002. The eisting rate of intrest is given as under :

Deposits Rate of Interest


Current Deposits 0.05 %
Saving Bank Deposits 4.00 %

Period Existing rate Revised Rate


a. 15 day to 29 days 5.00 % 5.00 %
b. 31 days to 45 days 5.50 % 5.50 %
c. 46 days to 90 days 6.75 % 7.00 %
d. 91 days to 180 days 7.50 % 8.25 %
e. 181 days to 1 year 8.25 % 8.50 %
f. Above 1 years & below 2 years 8.50 % 9.00 %
g. Above 2 years 9.00% 9.25 %

Additional intrest @ 0.25% on single deposit of Rs 255.00 lakhs and above in the term deposit
slab of 91 days shall be admissible w.e.f. 11.02.2002.

Months Payble
12 1268
24 2679
36 4241
48 5974
60 7896
72 10029
84 12394
96 15017
108 17927
120 21155

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Reinvestiment Deposit Scheme ( with a deposit of Rs. 100)


2.6-Retail Banking of Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.:

Housing loans : The bank is financing Housing Loan under its "APNA GHAR " scheme.
Maximum amount under this head is Rs.500000.00 for purchase of readymade house or
construction. For repair, renovation or addition/ alteration the limit is Rs.50000.00. The rate of
interest is 13% on reducing balance. Maximum repayment period is 15 years with 18 months
moritorium period.
Consumer Durable Requirement / Formalities
1. Maximum limit Rs. 50000.00 or 75% of the cost of the item.
2. Subject to five times monthly gross income.
3. Repayable in maximum 40 monthly installments in reducing balance.

Motor Vehicle Finance


For any sort of Surface Transport and Water Transport vehicle both for commercial and personal
pupose.
Requirement / Formalities
1. 75% of the total cost of vehicle, including insurance and registration.
2. Repayable in 60 monthly installments reducing balance.

Business Enterprise

Terms Loan for

1. Fixed Assets for Projects.


2. Commercial Complex and Kalyan Mandap
3. Hotels, Tourist Resorts, Health Care units.
4. Equipment and Machinaries.

Requirement / Formalities

1. Maximum 75% of the fixed Assets


2. Maximum repayable periods – 10 years.
3. Interest in reduced balance method.
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Working Capital Loans

1. Retail Business
2. Trader
3. Wholesaler
4. Project Solution

Requirement / Formalities

1. Maximum 75% of working capital requirement subject to Stock Holding.


2. Quarterly Interest on days balance.

2.7-Introduction of Corporate Governance by Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.:

Orissa State Cooperative Bank is the first bank in the cooperative sector in the country to
introduce sound practices of corporate governance to ensure transparency in its functioning.
During the last three years, the following initiatives have been taken to follow good corporate
practices by addressing a range of issues such as, protection of shareholders rights, enhancing
shareholders value, disclosure requirements, integrity of accounting practices and strengthening
the control system.

The employees of the bank can now expose any wrongdoing of the top management of the bank
without any fear of reprisal. The Board of Management of the bank in its meeting held on
30.06.2003 has accepted the system for protection of whistleblowers adopted in USA and in
Indian Companies like Wipro and Infosys. This facility would give protection to the staff, who
expose irregularities, corruption, mal-practices etc. by the top management of the bank. Under
this system, where any staff of the bank discovers information, which he believes shows serious
mal-practice, impropriety, abuse or wrongdoing, then the information should be disclosed
without fear of reprisal. Following the spirit of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of the USA, which
envisages protection for whistleblowers (staff who expose corruption), a similar policy has been
adopted to enable the employees to raise concern about any irregularity and impropriety at an
early stage and in the right way without fear of victimisation, subsequent discrimination or
disadvantage. OSCB has become the first bank in the country to have adopted such a policy.
Employees are normally the first to realise that there are irregular or illegal practices being
followed by any colleague/ management. Hence a policy which affords protection to the
employees who expose irregularities, corruption, malpractice etc. will go a long way in ensuring
transparent management, setting standards, which the DCCBs shall be encouraged to emulate.

Besides, the Orissa State Cooperative Bank has adopted the following sound practices of
corporate governance.

1. Timely audit of accounts has been ensured. The audit for the year 2005-06 was
completed by 30.06.06.
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2. The bank has been paying uninterrupted dividend to the shareholders.
3. Common coding of accounting heads has been introduced in the State to integrate the
accounting practices of the OSCB and all affiliated DCCBs. This has facilitated the
computerisation process in the Central Cooperative Banks.
4. Organisation of annual customer meets to understand their changed perception and to
reorient the policies and procedures of the bank. Such meets are also being organised at
the level of the DCCBs as well as the PACS.
5. A transparent transfer policy have been formulated and adopted in the bank. Transfers are
now being effected on the basis of the policy without any other consideration.
6. A bi-monthly house journal entitled “Sampark” is published with effect from January,
2001, which not only provides a forum to the employees to express their views, but also
the management is also able to explain the justification for taking important decisions.
7. Each branch of the OSCB, DCCBs as well as the PACS is being visited by a supervisory
officer every month to inspect the functioning and also impart guidance.
8. Loans Manual for the Bank has been prepared by NABCON- the consultancy arm of
NABARD.
9. Systems Audit of the Bank has been conducted by M/s Haribhakti & Co., Mumbai.
10. A comprehensive HRD policy is being evolved for the Bank by the National Institute of
Bank Management, Pune.

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CHAPTER-3

PROJECT OVERVIEW

3.1 –Introduction of Financial Statement


3.2 -Meaning and Concept of Financial Analysis
3.3 - Objective of Financial Statement Analysis
3.4 -Types of Financial Analysis
3.5 -Procedure of Financial Statement Analysis
3.6 -Methods and Devices of Financial Analysis
3.7 -Limitation of financial Analysis
3.8 -Overview of Ratio Analysis

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3.1 –Introduction of Financial Statement: -
Finance is defined as the provision of money when it is required. Every enterprise
needs finance to start and carry out its operation. Finance is the lifeblood of an organization. So,
finance should be managed effectively.
Financial statements are prepared primarily for decision making. Financial Statement
Analysis refers to the process of determining financial strength and weakness of the firm by
properly establishing strategic relationship between the items of the balance sheet and profit and
loss account. There are various methods and techniques used in analyzing financial statements,
such as comparative statements, trend analysis, common size statements, schedule of changes in
working capital, funds flow and cash flow analysis, cost volume profit analysis and ratio analysis
and other operative data. The analysis of financial statement is used for decision making by
various parties.

3.2MEANING AND CONCEPT OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS:-


The term ‘financial analysis’ , also known as analysis and interpretation of financial
statements’, refers to the process of determining financial strengths and weakness of the firm by
establishing strategic relationship between the items of the balance sheet, profit and loss
account and opposite data.”Analysing financial statements,” according to Metcalf and Titard, “is
a process of evaluating the relationship between component parts of a financial statements to
obtain a better understanding of a firm’s position and performance”. In the words of Myers,
“Financial statement analysis is largely a study of relationship among the various financial
factors in a business as disclosed by a single set-of statement, and a study of the trend of these
factors as shown in a series of statements.”
The purpose of financial analysis is to diagnose the information contained in financial
statements so as to judge the profitability and financial soundness of the firm. Just like a doctor
examines his patient by recording his body temperature, blood pressure, etc. before making his
conclusion regarding the illness and before giving his treatment, a financial analyst analysis the
financial statements with various tools of analysis before commenting upon the financial health
or weaknesses of an enterprise. The analysis and interpretation of financial statements is essential
to bring out the mystery behind the figures in financial statements. Financial statements analysis
is an attempt to determine the significance and meaning of the financial statement data so that
forecast may be made of the future earnings, ability to pay interest and debt maturities (both
current and long-term) and profitability of a sound dividend policy.
The term ‘financial statement analysis’ includes both ‘analysis’, and ‘interpretation’. A
distinction should, therefore, be made between the two terms. While the term ‘analysis’ is used to
mean the simplification of financial data by methodical classification of the data given in the
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financial statements, ‘interpretation’ means, ‘explaining the meaning and significance of the data
so simplified.’ However, both ‘analysis and interpretation’ are interlinked and complimentary to
each other Analysis is useless without interpretation and interpretation without analysis is
difficult or even impossible. Most of the authors have used the term ‘analysis’ only to cover the
meaning both analysis and interpretation as the objective of analysis is to study the relationship
between various items of financial statements by interpretation. We have also used the terms
‘Financial statement Analysis’ or simply ‘Financial Analysis’ to cover the meaning of both
analysis and interpretation.

3.3-Objective and Importance of Financial Statements Analysis:


The primary objective of financial statements analysis is to understand and diagnose the
information contained in financial statement with a view to judge the profitability financial
soundness of the firm, and to make forecast about future prospects of the firm. The purpose of
analysis depends upon the person interested in such analysis and his object. However, the
following purposes or objectives of financial statements analysis may be stated to bring out
significance of such analysis :
1. To assess the earning capacity or profitability of the firm.
2. To assess the operational efficiency and managerial effectiveness.
3. To assess the short term as well as long term solvency of the firm.
4. To identify the reasons for change in profitability and financial position of the firm.
5. To make inter-firm comparisons.
6. To make forecasts about future prospects of the firm.
7. To assess the progress of the firm over a period of time.
8. To help in decision making and control.
9. To guide or determine the dividend action.
10. To provide important information for granting credit.

3.4-Types of Financial Analysis:


We can classify various types of financial analysis into different categories depending upon:
1. On the basis of material used,
2. On the basis of modus operandi,
3. On the basis of entities used,
4. On the basis of time horizon.

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1. On the basis of Material Used: According to material used, financial analysis can be two
types
a. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS
b. INTERNAL ANALYSIS

a. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS: This analysis is done by outsiders who do not have access to the
detailed internal accounting records of the business firm. These outsiders include investors,
potential investors, creditors, potential creditors, credit agencies, government agencies and
general public. For financial analysis, thus serves only a limited purpose. However, the recent
changes in the government regulations requiring business firms to make available more
detailed information to the public through audited published accounts have considerably
improved the position of the external analysis.
b. INTERNAL ANALYSIS: This analysis is done by persons who have access who have access
to the detailed internal accounting records of the business firm is known as internal analysis.
Such an analysis can, therefore, be performed by executives and employees of the employees
of the organization as well as government agencies which have statutory powers vested in
them. Financial analysis for managerial purposes is the internal type of analysis that can be
effected depending upon the purpose to be achieved.

2. On the basis of Modus Operandi:


According to the method of operation followed in the analysis can be two types
(a) Horizontal Analysis

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(b) Vertical Analysis

(a) Horizontal Analysis:


It refers to the comparison of financial data of a company for several years. The figures of
this type of analysis are presented horizontally over a number of columns. The figures of the
various years are compared with standard or base year. A base year is a year chosen as beginning
point. It is also called “Dynamic Analysis”. This analysis makes it possible to focus attention on
items that have changed significantly during the period under review. Comparative statements
and trend percentages are two tools employed in horizontal analysis.
(b)Vertical Analysis:
It refers to the study of relationship of the various items in the financial statements of one
accounting period. In this type of analysis the figures from financial statements of a year are
compared with a base year selected from the same year’s statement. . It is also called “Static
Analysis”. Common size financial statements and financial ratios are the two tools employed in
vertical analysis. Since vertical analysis considers data for one time period only, it is not vary
conducive to a proper analysis financial statements. However, it may be used along with
horizontal analysis to make it more effective and meaningful.

3. On the basis of entities involved:


According to the method of operation followed in the analysis can be two types
(a) Inter-firm or Cross Sectional Analysis
(b) Intra-firm or Time Series Analysis

(a)Inter-firm or Cross Sectional Analysis:


Cross sectional analysis involves comparison of financial data of a firm with other firms
(competitors) or industry averages for the same time period.
(b)Intra-firm or Time Series Analysis:
Time series analysis involves the study of performance of the same firm over a period of
time.

4. On the basis of time horizon:


According to the method of operation followed in the analysis can be two types
(a) Short term Analysis
(b) Long term Analysis

(a)Short term Analysis:


Short term analysis measures the liquidity position of a firm, i.e. short term paying capacity
of a firm or the firm’s ability to meet the current obligations.
(b)Long term Analysis:
Long term analysis involves the of the firm’s ability to meet the interest costs and repayment
schedules of its long term obligations. The solvency, stability and profitability are measured
under this type of analysis.

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3.5-Procedure of Financial Statements Analysis:
Broadly speaking there are three steps involved in the analysis of financial statements. These
are
(i) Selection
(ii) Classification
(iii) Interpretation

The first step involves selection of information (data) relevant to the purpose of analysis of
financial statements. The second step involved is the methodical classification of the data and the
third step includes drawing of inferences and conclusions.
The following procedure is adopted for the analysis and interpretation of financial statements.
1. The analyst should acquaint himself with principles and postulates of accounting. He
should know the plans and policies of the management so that he may be able to find out
whether these plans are properly executed or not.
2. The extent of analysis should be determined so that the sphere of work may be decided. If
the aim is to find out the earning capacity of the enterprise then analysis of income
statement will be undertaken. On the other hand, if the financial position is to be studied
then balance sheet analysis will be necessary.
3. The financial data given in the statements should be re-organised and re-arranged. It will
involve the grouping of similar data under same heads, breaking down of individual
components of statements according to nature. The data is reduced to a standard form.
4. A relationship is established among financial statements with the help of tools and
techniques of analysis such as ratios, trends, common size, funds flow etc.
5. The information is interpreted in a simple and understandable way. The significance and
utility of financial data is explained for helping decision-taking.
6. The conclusions drawn from interpretation are presented to the management in the form
of reports

3.6-Methods or Devices of Financial Analysis:


A Number of methods or devices are used to study the relationship between different
statements. The following methods of analysis are generally used:
i. Comparative statements
ii. Trend analysis
iii. Common –size statements
iv. Funds flow analysis
v. Cash flow analysis
vi. Ratio analysis
vii. Cost-volume-profit analysis

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In this project the Comparative Statement and Ratio Analysis is used to study the
financial statement of Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd.

Comparative statements:
The comparative financial statements are statements of the financial position at different
periods of time. The elements of financial position are shown in a comparative form so as to give
an idea of financial position at two or more periods. Any statement prepared in a comparative
form will be covered in comparative statements. From practical point of view generally, two
financial statements
1. Balance Sheet
2. Income Statement

Comparative balance sheet


The comparative balance sheet analysis is the study of the trend of the same items, group
of items and computed items, group of items and computed items in two or more balance sheets
of the same business enterprise on different dates. The changes in periodic balance sheet items
reflect the conduct of a business. The changes can be observed by comparison of the balance
sheet at the beginning and at the end of a period and these changes can help in forming an
opinion about the progress of an enterprise. The comparative balance sheet has two columns for
the data of original balance sheets. A third column is used to show this increase in figures. The
fourth column may be added for giving percentage of increases and decreases.

Guidelines for Interpretation of Comparative Balance Sheet:

While interpreting comparative balance sheet the interpreter is expected to study the
following aspects:
1. Current Financial Position and Liquidity Position
2. Long term Financial Position
3. Profitability of the Concern

1. For studying the Financial Position and short term Financial Position of a concern, one
sees the working capital in both the years. The excess of current assets over current
liabilities will give the figure of working capital. The increase in working capital means
improvement in the current financial position of the business. An increase in current
assets accompanied by the increase in current liabilities of the same amount will not show
any improvement in short term financial position. One should study the increase or
decrease in current assets and current liabilities and this will enable him to analyse the
current financial position.
The second aspect which should be studied in current financial position is the
liquidity position of the concern. If liquid assets like cash in hand, cash at bank, bills
receivable, debtors, etc. show an increase in the second year over the first year, this will
improve the liquidity position of the concern. The increase in inventory can be on account
of accumulation of stocks for want of customers, decrease in demand or inadequate sales

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promotion efforts. An increase in inventory may increase working capital of the business
but it will not be good for business.
2. The long term financial position of the concern can be analysed by studying the changes
in fixed assets, long term liabilities and capital. The proper financial policy of concern
will be to finance fixed assets by the issue of either long-term securities such as
debentures, bonds, loans from financial institutions or issue of fresh share capital. An
increase in fixed assets should be compared to the increase in long term loans and capital.
If the increase in fixed assets is more than the long term securities then parts of fixed
assets have not only been financed from long term sources. A wise policy will be to
finance fixed assets by raising long term funds.
3. The new aspects to be studied in a comparative balance sheet questions is the profitability
of the concern. The study of increase or decrease in retained earnings, various resources
and surpluses, etc. will enable the interpreter to see whether the profitability has
improved or not. An increase in the balance of profit and loss account and the other
resources created from profits will mean an increase in profitability to the concern. The
decrease in such accounts may mean issue dividend, issue of bonus share or deterioration
in profitability of the concern.
4. After studying various assets and liabilities an opinion should be formed about the
financial position of the concern. One cannot say if short term financial position is good
then long term financial position will also be good or vice versa. A concluding word
about the overall financial position must be given at the end.

Comparative Income Statement:


The income statement gives the results of the operation of a business. The comparative income
statement gives an idea of the progress of a business over a period of time. The changes in
absolute data in money values and percentages can be determined to analyse the profitability of
the business. Like comparative balance sheet income statement also has four columns. First two
columns give figures of various items for two years. Third and fourth columns are used to show
increase or decrease in figures in absolute amounts and percentages respectively.

Guidelines for Interpretation of Comparative Income Statement:

The analysis and interpretation of income statement will involve the following steps:

1. The increase or decrease in sales should be compared with the increase or decrease in
costs of goods sold. An increase in sales will not always mean an increase in profit. The
profitability will improve if increase in sales is more than increase in costs of goods sold.
The amount of gross profit should be studied in the first step.
2. The second step of analysis should be the operational profits. The operating expenses
such as office and administrative expenses, selling and distribution expenses should be
deducted from gross profit to find out operating profits. An increase in operating profit
will result from the increase in sales position and control of operating expenses. A
decrease in operating profit may be due to an increase in operating expenses or decrease
in sales. The change in individual expenses should also be studied. Some expenses may

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increase due to the expansion of business activities while others may go up due to
managerial inefficiency.
3. The increase or decrease in net profit will give an idea about the overall profitability of
the concern. Non operating expenses such as interest paid, losses from sales of assets,
writing off deferred expenses, payment of tax, etc. decrease the figure of operating profit.
When all non-operating expenses are deducted from operational profit, we get a figure of
net profit. Some non operating incomes may also be there which will increase net profit.
An increase in net profit will gave us an idea about the progress of the concern.
4. An opinion should be formed about profitability of the concern and it should be given at
the end. It should be mentioned whether the overall profitability of the concern is good or
not.

Focus of Financial Statement Analysis:

Financial statement analysis involves evaluating different aspects of a business enterprise,


which are of great importance to different users such as management, investors, creditors,
bankers, analyst, investment advisers, etc. generally, the following analyses are made while
making Financial Statement Analysis.
1. Liquidity or short term solvency analysis
2. Profitability analysis
3. Capital structure or gearing analysis
4. Market strength or investor analysis
5. Growth and stability analysis

Application of Financial Analysis:


Following are the application of financial analysis:
1. Assessing Corporate Excellence
2. Judging credit worthiness
3. Forecasting bankruptcy
4. Valuing equity shares
5. Predicting bonds ratings
6. Estimating market risk

3.7-Limitations of Financial Statement Analysis:


Financial analysis is a powerful mechanism of determining financial strengths and weakness of
a firm. But, the analysis is based on the information available in the financial statements. Thus,
the financial analysis suffers from serious inherent limitations of financial statements. The
financial analyst has also be careful about the impact of price level changes, windows dressing of
financial statements, changes in the accounting policies of a firm, accounting concepts and
conventions, and personal judgement, etc. The readers are advised to relate the limitations of
financial statements as given in the previous chapter and also the limitations of ratios as a tool of
financial analysis as discussed in Ratio Analysis. Some of the important limitations of financial
analysis are, however, summed up as below:
i. It is only a study of interim reports.

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ii. Financial analysis is based upon only monetary information and non-monetary factors
are ignored.
iii. It does not consider changes in price levels.
iv. As the financial statements are prepared on the basis of a going concern, it does not
give exact position. Thus accounting concepts and conventions cause a serious
limitation to financial analysis.
v. Changes in accounting procedure by a firm may often make financial analysis
misleading.
vi. Analysis is only a means and not an end in itself. The analyst has to make
interpretation and draw his own conclusions. Different people may interpret the same
analysis in different ways.

3.8-Overview of Ratio Analysis


Introduction:
Ratio analysis is one of the techniques used to analyse the financial statements. It is one of the
most powerful tools of financial analysis. It is the process of establishing and interpreting various
ratios (quantitative relationship between figures and group of figures). Through ratio analysis
financial statement can analyse more clearly and decision made from such analysis.
According to Accountant’s Handbook by Wixon Kell and Bedford, a ratio “is an expression,
of the quantitative relationship between the numbers”.

Nature of Ratio Analysis:


Ratio analysis is a technique of analysis and interpretation of financial statements. It is the
process of establishing and interpreting various ratios for helping in making certain decision.
However, ratio analysis is not an end in itself. It is only a means of better understanding of
financial strength and weaknesses of affirm. Calculation of mere ratios does not serve any
purpose, unless several appropriate ratio are analysed and interpreted. There are a number of
ratios which can be calculated from the information given in the financial statements, but the
analyst select the appropriate data and calculate only a few appropriate ratios from the same
keeping in mind the objective of analysis. The ratios may be used as a symptom like blood
pressure, the pulse rate or the body temperature and their interpretation depends upon the caliber
and competence of the analyst. The following are the four steps involved in the ratio analysis:
i. Selection of relevant data from the financial statements depending upon the objective of
the analysis.
ii. Calculation of appropriate ratios from the above data.

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iii. Comparison of the calculated ratios with the ratios of the same firm in the past, or the
ratios developed from projected financial statements or the ratio of some other firms or
the comparison with ratios of the industry to which the firm belongs.
iv. Interpretation of the ratios.

Use and Significance of Ratio Analysis:


 Helpful in decision making.
 Helpful in financial forecasting and planning.
 Helpful in communication.
 Helpful in co-ordination.
 Helpful in Control.
 Helpful in efficiency appraisal.
 Helpful in evaluation of financial position.
 Helpful to investors, financial institution, employee.

Limitations of Ratio Analysis:


The ratio analysis is one of the most powerful tools of financial management. Though ratios are
simple to calculate and easy to understand, they suffer from some serious limitations:
1. Limited Use of Single Ratio. A single ratio, usually, does not convey much of a sense. To
make a better interpretation a number of ratios have to be calculated which is likely to
confuse the analyst than help him ion making any meaningful conclusion.
2. Lack of Adequate Standards. There are no well adapted standards or rules of thumb for
all ratios which can be accepted as norms. It renders interpretation of the ratios difficult.
3. Inherent Limitations of Accounting. Like financial statements, ratios also suffer from
the inherent weakness of accounting records such as their historical nature. Ratios of the
past are not necessarily true indicators of the future.
4. Change of Accounting Procedure. Change in accounting procedure by a firm often
makes ratio analysis misleading. e.g; a change in the valuation of methods of inventories,
from FIFO to LIFO increases the cost of sales and reduces considerably the value of
closing stocks which makes stock turnover ratio to be lucrative and an unfavourable gross
profit ratio.
5. Window Dressing. Financial statements can easily be window dressed to present a better
picture of its financial and profitability position to outsiders. Hence, one has to be very
careful in making a decision from ratios calculated from such financial statements. But it
may be very difficult for an outsider to know about the window dressing made by a firm.
6. Personal Bias. Ratio are only means of financial analysis and not an end in itself. Ratios
have to be interpreted and different people may interpret the same ratio in different ways.
7. Incomparable. Not only industries differ in their nature but also the firms of the similar
business widely differ in their size and accounting procedures, etc. It makes comparison of
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difficult and misleading. Moreover comparisons are made difficult due to differences in
definitions of various financial terms used in the ratio analysis.
8. Absolute Figures Distortive. Ratios devoid of absolute figures may prove distortive as
ratio analysis is primarily a quantitative analysis and not a qualitative analysis.
9. Price Level Changes. While making ratio analysis, no consideration is made to the
changes in price levels and this makes the interpretation of ratio invalid.
10. Ratios no Substitutes. Ratio analysis is merely a tool of financial statements. Hence,
ratios become useless if separated from the statements from which they are computed.
11. Clues not Conclusions. Ratios provide only clues to analysts and not final conclusions.
These ratios have to be interpreted by these experts and there are no standard rules for
interpretation.

Classification of Ratios:
The use of ratio analysis is not confined to financial manager only. There are different
parties interested in the ratio analysis for knowing the financial position of a firm for different
purposes. In view of various users of ratios, there are many types of ratios which can be
calculated from the information given in the financial statements. The particular purpose of the
user determines the ratios that might be used for financial analysis.

Various accounting ratios can be classified as follows

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Functional Classification in View of Financial Management or
Classification According to Tests:

Liquidity Ratios:
(A) .
1. Current Ratio
2. Liquid Ratio
3. Cash Ratio

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4. Interval Measure
(B) .
1. Debtors Turnover Ratio
2. Creditors Turnover Ratio
3. Inventory Turnover Ratio

Long-term solvency and Leverage Ratios:


1. Debt/Equity Ratio
2. Debt to total capital Ratio
3. Invest Coverage
4. Cash Flow/Debt
5. Capital Gearing

Activity Ratios or Asset Management Ratios:


1. Inventory Turnover Ratio
2. Debtors Turnover
3. Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio
4. Total Assets Turnover Ratio
5. Working Capital Turnover Ratio
6. Payables Turnover Ratio
7. Capital Employed Turnover

Profitability Ratio:
(A) In relation to Sales
1. Gross Profit Ratio
2. Operating Ratio
3. Operating Profit Ratio
4. Net Profit Ratio
5. Expense Ratio
(B) In relation to investments
1. Return on investments
2. Return on capital
3. Return on Equity Capital
4. Return on Total Resources
5. Earnings per share
6. Price-Earning Ratio

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CHAPTER-4

Analysis and Interpretation


4.1 -Comparative Balance Sheet
4.2 -Comparative Income Statement
4.3 -Ratio Analysis

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4.1-Analysis and Interpretation:

I have studied the financial statements of Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd. by
using comparative statements device. It shows as under:

Comparative Balance Sheet:


As on 31st March 2007-08

Assets 31st March 2007 31st March 2008 Increase/Decrease Increase/Decrease


Rs. Percentage
Current Assets:

Cash in hand
with RBI/SBI/Other 1095019529.56 1389999078.42 294979548.86 26.94
Banks

Current Accounts 5219215.66 9127364.90 3908149.24 74.88


with other Banks

Money at call & 2192908958.42 8677832820.00 6484923861.58 295.72


Short notice

Investment in Govt. 2151138000.00 2091138000.00 (60000000.00) (2.79)


Securities for
Trading

Short term loan 12167837429.00 13971051846.50 1803214417.50 14.82


Cash credit and
overdraft

Gold Loan 4251114.58 7349503.58 3098389.00 72.88

Interest Receivable 978103360.85 871631464.52 (106471896.33) (10.89)

Bills Receivable 3813252.31 4173480.78 360228.47 9.45

Branch Adjustment 1498320.86 28665848.26 27167527.40 1813.20

Stationary in Stock 1050158.76 1096042.53 45883.77 4.37

Suspense 20898765.03 21029433.80 130668.77 0.63


Recoverable

House rent 660364.00 807664.00 147300.00 22.30


Receivable

Bills purchase 9097762.54 9102314.54 4552.00 0.05


account

Income Tax refund 16743011.00 15776950.00 (966061.00) (5.77)


receivable

Unspent postage 1271.00 --- (1271.00) (100)

Audit & other 2162365.61 2162365.61 --- ---


recovery

DD Ex-advice 1387813.00 1387813.00 --- ---

Sundry debtor 35411988.68 35423563.68 11575.00 0.03


Total Current Asset 18687202680.86 27137755554.12 84505528073.26 45.22

Fixed Assets:

Premises 33528111.85 32629127.31 (898984.00) (2.68)

Furniture &Fittings 37170507.19 34150138.26 (3020368.93) (8.13)

Total Fixed Assets 70698619.04 66779265.57 (3919353.47) (5.54)

Other Assets:

Investment 5666979089.00 5645567938.00 (21411151.00) (0.38)

LT Loans 2718261125.03 3266842342.09 548581217.06 20.18

MT Loans 4485775141.33 2818531526.76 (1667243615.43) (37.16)

Library 128198.26 131778.42 3580.16 2.79

Vehicle Account 1059112.27 856526.96 (202585.31) (19.13)

12872202665.89 11731930112.12 (1140272554.52) (8.86)


Total Other Assets

31630103975.79 38936464931.92 7306360965.27 23.1


Total Other Assets

Liabilities and 31st March 2007 31st March 2008 Increase/Decrease Increase/Decrease
Capital Rs. Percentage
Current Liabilities:

Saving Bank 694462338.36 681158815.02 (13303523.34) (1.91)


Deposit

Current Deposit 437312561.68 659441341.04 222128779.36 50.80

Short-term Loan
From 5658399000.00 8878069000.00 3219670000.00 56.90
RBI/NABARD

Bill for Collection 3813252.31 4173480.78 360228.47 9.45

Branch 0.00 0.00 -


Adjustment

Over due interest 554822000.00 483003000.00 (71819000.00) (12.94)


reserve

Interest Payable 505014456.00 916358147.00 411343691.00 81.45

Other Liabilities 151770520.83 156146042.37 4375521.54 2.88

Total Current 8005594129.00 11778349826.21 3772755697.00 47.12


Liabilities

Fixed Deposit 11826847907.14 14322080095.48 2495232188.00 21.09

Borrowings 12514136802.89 16659324848.00 4145188045.11 33.12

Total Liabilities 32346578839.30 42759754769.69 10413175930.11 32.19

Share Capital 697685925.00 713758300.00 16072375.00 2.30

Reserve Fund and 2017387326.74 2153015911.18 135628584.44 6.72


Other Reserve

Profit & Loss A/c 91603261.57 97231865.85 5628604.28 6.14

Total 35153255352.61 45723760847.72 10570505493.83 30.06

Interpretation of Comparative Balance Sheet:


1. The Comparative Balance Sheet reveals that during 2008 there has been an increase
in current assets of Rs.84505532873.26 i.e. 45.22% in the current liabilities have
increased by Rs.3772755697.00 i.e. 47.12%. So the current financial position has
increased.
2. The liquid assets that is cash in hand, cash in bank shows an increase in 2008 over
2007. This will improve the liquidity position of the concern.
3. The other assets have decreased by Rs.1140272554.52 and the long term liabilities to
outsiders have decreased but the share capital has increased. It shows that the Bank
depends on fresh share capital.
4. Reserve and Surplus have increased from Rs.2017387326.74 to Rs.2153015911.18
and the profit has increased from Rs.91603261.57 to Rs.97231865.85 i.e. 6.14%. It
shows that the profitability of the bank has improved.
5. The overall financial position of the Bank is satisfactory.

4.2-COMPARATIVE INCOME STATEMENT:


For the year ending 31st March 2007 and 2008
31st March 2007 31st March 2008 Increase/Decrease Increase/Decrease
Rs. Percentage
Expenditure:
Interest paid on 1395937255.58 1742121619.02 346184363.44 24.80
deposits and
borrowings

Salary and 94960048.95 144470099.70 49510050.75 52.14


Allowances

Directors And local 215659.00 577892.96 362233.96 167.97


committee
members fees &
allowances
14894381.83 18936824.89 4042443.06 27.14
Rent, Taxes, &
Insurance
Expenses
1241822.90 1206672.00 (35150.90) 2.83
Law charges &
Legal expenses
1590337.13 2010979.47 420642.34 26.45
Postage, Telegram
& Telephone
charges
159142.00 331484.00 172342.00 108.29
Audit fees
17964933.26 17201877.68 (763055.58) (4.25)
Depreciation &
repair to Property
3447826.96 3529339.49 81512.53 2.36
Stationary, Printing
& Advertisement
119142242.98 79578931.58 (39563311.40) (33.20)
Other Expenditure

Total Expenditure 1649553650.59 2009965720.79 360412070.20 21.85

Balance of Profit 91603261.57 97231865.85 5628604.28 6.14


Total 1741156912.16 2107197586.64 366040674.50 21.00
Income:
Interest & Discount 1691129945.33 2085494315.36 394364370.03 23.32

Commission,
Exchange & 8295349.24 10936979.41 2641630.17 32.00
Brokerage

Other receipt 41731617.59 10766291.87 (30965325.72) (74.20)

Total 1741156912.16 2107197586.64 366040674.50 21.00

Interpretation of the Comparative Income Statement:


1. The comparative income statement reveals that there has been increase in interest
paid on deposit and borrowings by 24.80%, salary and allowances by 52.14%, rent,
tax and insurance expense by 27.14%. Postage and telegram expenses increases by
26.45%, but the other expenditure are relatively decreased. So the total expenditure
is increased by Rs.21.88%.
2. The total income of the bank has increased by 21.85% and the bank earn the profit of
Rs.97231865.85 which is 6.14% more than the previous year.
3. There is a sufficient progress in the bank and the overall profitability of the bank is
good.

4.3 -Ratio Analysis


Profitability Ratio:
The primary objective of business undertaking is to earn profit in the words of Lord
Keynes “Profit is the engine that drives the Business enterprise”. Profit is not only needed
for its existence but also for its expansion and diversification. The investors want an
adequate return on their investment; workers want higher wages, creditor want high security
for their interest and loan soon.
Following are the important overall profitability ratios, which relevant to the Business
Concerns are:
1. Return on Assets
2. Return on Capital Employed
3. Return on Equity Capital
4. Earning per Share(EPS)

1. Return on Assets:
It states the relationship between net profit and total assets.

Return on assets = Net Profit * 100 / Total asset

YEAR NET PROFIT TOTAL ASSET PERCENTAGE


2000-01 64924131 16944362857 0.38%
2001-02 74953072 16743339649 0.45%
2002-03 84731646 17918499832 0.47%
2003-04 134751259 21297744258 0.63%
2004-05 174443023 21453862751 0.81%
2005-06 169964997 25773075463 0.66%
2006-07 91603261 29510930212 0.31%
2007-08 97231865 36860908079 0.33%

Interpretation:
The return on assets of OSCB is not satisfactory. The assets are not utilized properly.

2. Return on Capital Employed


It is widely used to measure the overall profitability and the efficiency of the
business.

Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit * 100 / Total capital employed

Capital Employed:
 Share Capital
 Reserve fund & other reserves

YEAR NET PROFIT CAPITAL PERCENTAGE


EMPLOYED
2000-01 64924131 1206388387 5.38%
2001-02 74953072 3326568012 2.25%
2002-03 84731646 3696509930 2.29%
2003-04 134751259 1887613988 7.14%
2004-05 174443023 2191252452 7.96%
2005-06 169964997 2578915623 6.59%
2006-07 91603261 2715073251 3.37%
2007-08 97231865 2866774211 3.39%

Interpretation:

The return on capital employed of OSCB is in good trend.

3.Return on Equity Capital:


The equity share holders are the real owner of the company. They assume high risk in
the company.
Return on Equity Capital = Net Profit * 100 / Equity capital

YEAR NET PROFIT EQUITY CAPITAL PERCENTAGE


2000-01 64924131 310104800 20.9%
2001-02 74953072 375228000 19.97%
2002-03 84731646 438206575 19.33%
2003-04 134751259 495832675 27.17%
2004-05 174443023 516861625 33.75%
2005-06 169964997 643789225 26.4%
2006-07 91603261 697685925 13.12%
2007-08 97231865 713758300 13.62%

Interpretation:

The return on equity share capital of OSCB provides a higher rate of dividend to its
equity share holders.

4.Earning per Share(EPS):

It is small variation of return on equity capital. It shows the profit available to each
share holder.

Earning per Share = Net Profit / Equity Share Holders

YEAR NET PROFIT NO. OF EQUITY PERCENTAGE


SHARES
2000-01 64924131 5645770 11.50%
2001-02 74953072 4500000 16.65%
2002-03 84731646 4500000 18.83%
2003-04 134751259 4500000 29.94%
2004-05 174443023 4500000 38.76%
2005-06 169964997 4500000 37.76%
2006-07 91603261 4500000 20.35%
2007-08 97231865 4500000 21.60%

Interpretation:

The EPS of OSCB is satisfactory to the equity share holders.

CHAPTER-5
Findings and Suggestions

5.1 -Findings
5.2 -Suggestions

5.1-FINDINGS:
I. The current assets have increased in 2008 by Rs.8450552873.26 i.e.

45.22%.
II. The cash in hand ha increased by 26394%.
III. The DD Ex-advice, Audit & other recoveries and house rent

receivable are not recovered.


IV. The premises and furniture and fittings are decreased by 2.68% and

8.13% respectively.
V. The fixed deposit liabilities have increased by 21.09%.
VI. The current liabilities have increased by 47.12%.
VII. The number of defaulter is going up year after year.
VIII. Released the house journal “SAMPARK”.
IX. Strengthening of Kissan Credit Card Scheme.
X. Introduction of Swarojagar Credit Card Scheme.
XI. The NPA position has been come down compared to previous year.
XII. The total income has increased by Rs.366040674.50 i.e. 21.00%.
XIII. The Bank has introduced sound practices of corporate governance.
XIV. The profit has been increased by 6.14%.

5.2-Suggestions:

From all the studies we can suggest some point to improve the
profitability of the organization.
 The bank should focus more on advancing loans and money from
depositors.
 It should reduce the cost of management.
 It should recover its money from defaulters in a limited time.
 It should control the non operation expenses and other expenditure.
 It should ready for the coming competitive as all banks are going to be
privatized.
 It should diversify its business and should give loans to non agricultural
sectors.
 To increase the net profit at higher rate, carefully designed risk
management systems and increasingly higher aspiration levels of
customer services should be taken.
CHAPTER-6

Conclusion
Conclusion:
If properly analyzed and interpreted, financial statements can provide
valuable insight into a firm’s performance. Analysis of financial statements is
of interest to lenders (short term as well as long term) investors, security
analysts, managers and others. Financial statement analysis may be done for a
variety of purpose, which may range from a simple analysis of the short term
liquidity position of the firm to a comprehensive assessment of the strength and
weakness of the firm in various areas. It is helpful in assessing corporate
excellence, judging credit worthiness, forecasting bond ratings, predicting
bankruptcy and assessing market risk.
I have studied the attached Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account of
Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd. as at 31st March 2008.
The financial Statements are the responsibility of the banks management.
The analysis and interpretation of financial statements is essential to bring out
the mystery behind the figure in financial statement.
 The transactions of Bank, which have come to my notice, have been
within the powers of Bank.
 Proper books of account as require by law have been kept by the Bank
in so far as it appears from my observation of those books.
 Proper returns have been received from the Bank’s branches.
 The balance sheet and profit and loss account are in agreement with the
books of account.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
Reference Books:
1. Gupta Shashi K. & Sharma R. K.: Management Accounting ;
Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi.
2. Prasanna Chandra: Financial Management Theory and Practice; Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Jawahar Lal & Srivastava Seema,: Financial Accounting;
Sultan Chand & Company Ltd.New Delhi.
4. Gordon E. & Natarajan K.: Banking Theory Law & Practice; Himalaya
Publishing House.

Reference From Journal, Magazine,Newspaper,Annual Report:


1. Annual Report of Orissa State Co-operative Bank Ltd. Bhubaneswar.

WEBSITE
www.oscb.coop/
www.rbi.com
www.managementparadise.com

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