Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
CONCRETE
Summary
This data sheet is a review of a
major trial, initiated in early
1991, that compared nine
different concretes in terms of
both physical characteristics
and durability performance.
The overall period of the trial
was three years. The tests and
the results obtained were all
supervised, scrutinized or
conducted by the British
consultants Messrs. Sandberg.
The findings indicate that
the concretes using the
microsilica blends out-
perform the ‘plain’ concretes
and give greatly increased
Figure 1. The Tsing Ma bridge in Hong Kong is built in triple blend concrete
durability.
The full “Sandberg Report” is Water/cementitious ratios Test programme and this trial are noted in the
available from Elkem Materials and workabilities were procedures listing below. Full test
or Messrs. Sandberg. kept similar in all the All testing was carried out procedures are found in
concretes. according to the the complete report.
Introduction The general mix details appropriate British
are set out in Table 2, All the tests were not
The purpose of the trial was to Standard or equivalent, performed on all the
using the designations in depending on the criteria
produce real-size batches of concretes. Testing of the
Table 1. Quartzitic gravel examined. Any
concrete, using standard UK durability was restricted
was used in all the mixes modifications made to a
materials in a readymix plant to mixes A, B, E, F and
except C and D as shown. procedure for its use in
and to test these concretes for G.
performance over an extended
period of time. The scale of Mix A OPC (gravel aggregates) The concrete was
production and testing would Mix B OPC/MS (gravel aggregates) produced in 1 cubic
also eliminate a number of the metre batches in a pan
Mix C OPC (limestone aggregates)
difficulties encountered when mixer at a readymix
Mix D OPC/MS (limestone aggregates) plant. The concrete was
relating “lab tests” to the real
world. Mix E OPC/GGBS (50% ggbs) then tested in the fresh
Mix F OPC/GGBS/MS (50% ggbs) state and cubes,
All the mixes were based on cylinders, beams and
Mix G SRPC
reference mixtures with 400 kg prisms cast as required
cementitious material to which Mix H as Mix A (w ith Harex steel fibres) by the test regime.
would be added 10% micro- Mix I as Mix B (w ith Harex steel fibres) Excess concrete from
silica for comparison. Table 1. Mix designations each batch was cast
Mixes
Material A B C D E F G H I
OPC 405 395 415 405 200 200 405 400 395
GGBS - - - - 200 190 - - -
Microsilica - 40 - 40 - 40 - - 40
Coarse 5-20mm 1120 1210 1120 1250 1145 1215 1125 1115 1200
Sand 695 565 745 575 660 545 695 690 565
Water 175 177 186 178 192 191 184 179 191
Plasticiser - 1.2 - 1.2 - 1.2 - - 1.2
Steel Fibres - - - - - - - 25 25
Water/Binder 0.43 0.41 0.45 0.40 0.48 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.44
The plasticiser used was a standard lignosulphonate - added to aid the dispersion of the microsilica.
into separate blocks used to measure the exposed blocks. performance of the
approximately one metre abrasion resistance. microsilica mixes
square by half a metre Results outperform the other
deep. The blocks were All test specimens were mixes as seen from
stripped the day after Due to the size of the trial
hand-compacted and programme and the figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
float-finished and left casting and transferred to
the test facility in a number of tests, it would The overall best mix in
exposed after 24 hour be impossible to display
curing with a plastic sealed damp condition. terms of durability is
all of the data from this the triple blend of
sheet. The blocks were Table 3 sets out those report. Table 4 presents
cored at six months for OPC/GGBS/microsilica.
tests performed on the an overview of the data.
further testing and also specimens and the Generally speaking, the
1,5
1 Electrical Resistivity
9 months wet curing
0,5
140
0
80
Compressive strength
60
Cubes - MPa
100
90 40
80
20
70
60
0
50 OPC OPC+MS OPC/GGBS OPC/GGBS+MS SR
40 OPC
3,3E-09
3,0E-09
0,2
2,1E-09
0
2,0E-09
-0,2
1,0E-09
5,0E-10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
3,0E-11 4,0E-11 Weeks in solution
0,0E+00
OPC OPC+MS OPC/GGBS OPC/GGBS+MS SR Figure 7. Sulfate resistance test results
The information given on this datasheet is accurate to the best knowledge of Elkem Materials. The information is offered without
guarantee, and Elkem Materials accepts no liability for any direct or indirect damage from its use. If further information or assistance
is required, please contact your local representative or the e-mail address given on this datasheet.
Contact/representative:
Elkem
Materials
Internet: www.concrete.elkem.com
e-mail: microsilica.materials@elkem.no