LIST OF SYMBOLS xxi

fY specified yield strength of reinforcement

f+l,f42 rocking stiffness and damping parameters of a pile
G shear modulus of soil
shear modulus of soil beneath the pile tip
group efficiency
maximum value of shear modulus
shear modulus of pile
shear modulus of the soil on the sides of the pile
complex shear modulus of soil
real and imaginary parts of complex shear modulus of soil
shear modulus measured after loo0 minutes of constant
confining pressure (after completion of primary
consolidation)
acceleration due to gravity
height of fall of ram or hammer
depth of embedment; length of pile above ground
influence factor; moment of inertia of the pile
material index
coefficient of shear modulus increase with time
rigidity factor
empirical coefficient for fixed-head pile in cohesive soils
empirical coefficient for fixed-head pile in cohesionless soils
empirical coefficients for free-head piles in clays
moment of inertia of pile; polar moment of inertia of
the area
moment of inertia of the area about the x axis
moment of inertia of pile group about xx and yy axes,
respectively
moment of inertia of the area about the y axis
an empirical factor; damping constant applicable to re-
sistance at pile joint ( R l z in Fig. 5.7)
(I' damping constant applicable to resistance at side of pile
( R , to R,, of Fig. 5.7)
JO mass polar moment of inertia
JO, J , Bessel functions of first kind of order 0 and 1, respectively
J, polar moment of inertia of the base contact area
j, case method damping constant
K constant; coefficient of horizontal earth pressure; a dimen-
sionless constant factor in equation 7.27
Kb soil modulus for bottom layer; lateral earth pressure co-
efficient
factors which are functions of 4 and s/B
horizontal stress index
soil spring constant along element m
spring constant of element m

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