SX011a en GB Example Unrestrained Beam With End Moments

Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments (GB)
Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 1 of 8

CALCULATION SHEET
Title Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments
Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Made by Laurent Narboux Date Oct 2006
Checked by Charles King Date Oct 2006
Localized resource for UK
Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments

This example gives the details for the verification of a simple beam under
end moments. The beam is laterally restrained at the supports only.
1 1
MA MB= −ψ MA
A B
1 : Lateral restraint
With 0 ≤ ψ ≤ 1
The sign convention for applied moments is positive anticlockwise, as

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viewed on the page. Thus the moments in this example are negative at
end A and positive at end B.
The convention for internal bending moments is that positive moment
induces compression in the top flange. ψ is the ratio between the internal
bending moments at the two ends and in this example its value is positive.
The beam is a UKB profile in bending about the strong axis. It is laterally
restrained at the supports only. This example includes :
- the classification of the cross-section,
- the calculation of bending resistance, including the simplified
method for lateral torsional buckling,
- the calculation of shear resistance, including shear buckling
resistance,
- the calculation of the deflection at serviceability limit state.
Partial safety factors

• γG = 1.35 (permanent loads) EN 1990
• γQ = 1.50 (variable loads)
• γM0 = 1.0 EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.1 (1)
Created on Sunday, July 18, 2010
• γM1 = 1.0

CALCULATION SHEET

Basic data
Design a non composite beam of a multi-storey building according to the data
given below. The beam is assumed to be laterally supported at the ends only.
• Span length : L = 9.80 m

• End moment (A) due to permanent load :
MG,A = -5 kNm
• End moment (B) due to permanent load :
MG,B = 5 kNm
• End moment at support (A) due to variable load :
MQ,A = -55 kNm
• End moment at support (B) due to variable load :
MQ,B = 35.2 kNm
• Steel grade : S275
Try UKB 457x191x89 – Steel grade S275 z BS4

tf
Depth h = 463.4 mm Corus

Advance
Width b = 191.9 mm tw
Web thickness tw = 10.5 mm y y

h
Flange thickness tf = 17.7 mm
Fillet r = 10.2 mm
z
b

CALCULATION SHEET

Section area A = 113.8 cm2

Second moment of area /yy Iy = 41015 cm4
Second moment of area /zz Iz = 2089 cm4
Torsion constant It = 91 cm4
Warping constant Iw = 1037 × 103 cm6
Elastic modulus /yy Wel,y = 1770.2cm3
Plastic modulus /yy Wpl,y = 2013.6 cm3
Radius of gyration /zz iz = 4.29 cm
The self-weight is neglected.
ULS Combination :
Bending moment at support (A) :

-(γG MG,A + γQ MQ,A) = -[1.35 × (-5) + 1.50 × (-55)] = 89.3 kNm EN 1990 §
6.4.3.2
Bending moment at support (B) :
Expression
γG MG,B + γQ MQ,B = 1.35 × 5 + 1.50 × 35.2 = 59.6 kNm 6.10
Ratio of bending moments at the ends : ψ = 59.6 / 89.3 = 0.667
EN 1990 §6.4.3.2 permits the alternative use of expressions 6.10a and 6.10b,
which could result in a lower design load, depending on the values of the
factors in the National Annex. The UK National Annex is likely to permit the
alternative use but some National Annexes exclude the use of the alternative
expressions. Here, only 6.10 is used.
Moment diagram
A B
Maximum moment occurs at support A :

My,Ed = 89.3 kNm

CALCULATION SHEET

Shear force diagram
A B
Shear force is constant along the beam :

Vz,Ed = (89.3 – 59.6) / 9.80 = 3.03 kN
Yield strength
Steel grade S275 EN 1993-1-1
The maximum thickness is 17.7 mm < 40 mm, so : fy = 275 N/mm2 Table 3.1
Note : When published, the National Annex may impose either the values of
fy from the Table 3.1 or the values from the product standard. Here,
the value given by Table 3.1 is used.
Section classification :
235 EN 1993-1-1
The parameter ε is derived from the yield strength : ε = = 0.92 Table 5.2
f y [N/mm2 ]
(sheet 2 of 3)
Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression
c = (b – tw – 2 r) / 2 = (191.9 – 10.5 – 2 × 10.2) / 2 = 80.5 mm
c/tf = 80.5 / 17.7 = 4.55 < 9 ε = 8.28 Class 1
Internal compression part : web under pure bending EN 1993-1-1

c = h – 2 tf – 2 r = 463.4 – 2 × 17.7– 2 × 10.2 = 407.6 mm Table 5.2
(sheet 1 of 3)
c / tw = 407.6 / 10.5 = 38.82 < 72 ε = 66.24 Class 1
The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e. the least favourable)
between the flange and the web, here : Class 1
So the ULS verifications should be based on the plastic resistance of the
cross-section since the Class is 1.

CALCULATION SHEET

Moment resistance
The design resistance for bending of a cross section is given by : EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.2.5
Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = Wpl,y fy / γM0 = (2013.6 × 275 / 1.0) / 1000
Mc,Rd = 553.74 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,Rd = 89.3 / 553.74 = 0.161 < 1 OK
Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling

To determine the design buckling resistance moment of a laterally
unrestrained beam, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling must be
determined. The following calculation determines this factor by a simplified
method for lateral torsional buckling. This method avoids calculating the
elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling.
Non-dimensional slenderness
The non-dimensional slenderness may be obtained from the simplified
method for steel grade S275:
L/iz 980/4.29
λ LT = = = 2.380 See SN002
96 96
For rolled profiles, λ LT,0 = 0.4 EN 1993-1-1

§ 6.3.2.3(1)
Note : The value of λ LT,0 may be given in the National Annex when
published. Here the recommended value of 0.4 is used.
So λ LT = 2.380 > λ LT,0 = 0.4 LTB verification is required
Reduction factor
For rolled sections, the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling is EN 1993-1-1
calculated from : § 6.3.2.3 (1)
⎧ χ LT ≤ 1.0
1 ⎪
χ LT = but ⎨χ ≤ 1
⎪⎩ LT λ 2LT
2
φLT + φLT
2
− β λ LT
[ ( )
where : φLT = 0.5 1 + α LT λ LT − λ LT,0 + β λ LT
2
]

CALCULATION SHEET

αLT is the imperfection factor for LTB. When applying the method for rolled EN 1993-1-1
profiles, the LTB curve has to be selected from the table 6.5 : Table 6.5
For h/b = 463.4 / 191.9 = 2.41 > 2 use curve c (αLT = 0.49) Table 6.3
λ LT,0 = 0.4 and β = 0.75

Note : The values of λ LT,0 and β may be given in the National Annex when
published. The recommended values of 0.4 and 0.75 respectively are
used.
We obtain : φLT = 0.5 [1 + 0.49 (2.38 − 0.4) + 0.75 × (2.38)2 ] = 3.109

1
and : χ LT = = 0.184
3.109 + (3.109)2 − 0.75 × (2.38)2
Then, we check : χLT = 0.184 < 1.0

2
but : χLT = 0.184 > 1 / λ LT = 0.177
2
Then χLT = 1 / λ LT = 0.177
The influence of the moment distribution on the design buckling resistance EN 1993-1-1
moment of the beam is taken into account through the f-factor : § 6.3.2.3 (2)
[ (
f = 1 − 0,5 (1 − k c )1 − 2 λ LT − 0,8 )] 2
but ≤ 1
EN 1993-1-1
where : ψ = 59.6 / 89.3 = 0.667 Table 6.6
1 1
kc = = = 0.901
1,33 − 0,33 ×ψ 1.33-0.33 × 0.667
So : f = 1 – 0.5 (1 – 0.901) [1 – 2 × (2.38 – 0.8)2] = 1.198 > 1 so f = 1.0
We obtain : χLT,mod = χLT / f = 0.177 / 1.0 = 0.177


CALCULATION SHEET

Design buckling resistance moment

Mb,Rd = χLT,mod Wpl,y fy / γM1
Mb,Rd = (0.177 × 2013600 × 275 / 1.0) × 10-6 = 98 kNm EN 1993-1-1
§ 6.3.2.1
My,Ed / Mb,Rd = 89.3/ 98 = 0.91 < 1 OK
Shear Resistance
In the absence of torsion, the shear plastic resistance depends on the shear
area, which is given by: EN 1993-1-1
Av,z = A – 2 b tf + (tw + 2 r) tf § 6.2.6 (3)
Av,z = 11380 – 2 × 191.9 × 17.7 + (10.5 + 2 × 10.2) × 17.7 = 5133 mm2
Shear plastic resistance EN 1993-1-1

§ 6.2.6 (2)
Av,z ( f y / 3 ) 5133 × (275 / 3 ) × 10 −3
Vpl,z,Rd = = = 815 kN
γ M0 1.0
Vz,Ed / Vpl,z,Rd = 3.03 / 815 = 0.004 < 1 OK
Note that the verification to shear buckling is not required when : EN 1993-1-1
hw / tw ≤ 72 ε / η § 6.2.6 (6)
η conservatively taken equal to 1.0
hw / tw = 428 / 10.5= 40.76 < 72 × 0.92 / 1.0 = 66.24
No shear buckling verification required.


CALCULATION SHEET

Serviceability Limit State verification

SLS Combination EN 1990
Bending moment at support A : § 6.5.3
-(MG,A + MQ,A) = -(-5 – 55) = 60 kNm

Bending moment at support B :
MG,B + MQ,B = 5 + 35.2 = 40.2 kNm
Deflection due to end moments :

The maximum deflection is calculated from the values of the end moments
and the beam properties. The position of maximum deflection is given by:
ψ +2
xmax = L
3 + 3(1 + ψ + ψ 2 )
0.67 + 2
xmax = × 9.8 = 4.739 m
3 + 3(1 + 0.67 + 0.67 2 )
The maximum deflection is given by:
M A ⎡ψ − 1 3 1 2 2 +ψ ⎤
w= ⎢ xmax + xmax − Lxmax ⎥
EI ⎣ 6 L 2 6 ⎦
60 × 10 6 ⎡ 0.67 − 1 1 2 + 0.67 ⎤
w= ⎢⎣ 6 × 9800 4739 + 2 4739 −
3 2
9800 × 4739 ⎥
210000 × 41015 × 10 4 6 ⎦
= 7 mm
This deflection may be expressed as L/1400
Note 1 : The limits of deflection should be specified by the client. The EN 1993-1-1
National Annex may specify some limits when it is published. § 7.2.1
Note 2 : Concerning vibrations, the National Annex may specify limits EN 1993-1-1
concerning the frequency. Here the total deflection is so low that § 7.2.3
there is no problem of vibration. Generally, designers should consult
the National Annex.
Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments

SX011a-EN-UK
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments
Reference SX011a-EN-GB
LOCALISED RESOURCE DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by Laurent Narboux SCI Oct 2006
Technical content checked by Charles King SCI Oct 2006
Editorial content checked by D C Iles SCI 19/2/07


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Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments (GB)

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 1 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Localized resource for UK

Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments

The sign convention for applied moments is positive anticlockwise, as

Partial safety factors

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 2 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

• Span length : L = 9.80 m

MQ,B = 35.2 kNm

• Steel grade : S275

Try UKB 457x191x89 – Steel grade S275 z BS4

Depth h = 463.4 mm Corus

Web thickness tw = 10.5 mm y y

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 3 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Section area A = 113.8 cm2

The self-weight is neglected.

Bending moment at support (A) :

Maximum moment occurs at support A :

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 4 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Shear force diagram

Shear force is constant along the beam :

the value given by Table 3.1 is used.

Internal compression part : web under pure bending EN 1993-1-1

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 5 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling

For rolled profiles, λ LT,0 = 0.4 EN 1993-1-1

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 6 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

λ LT,0 = 0.4 and β = 0.75

We obtain : φLT = 0.5 [1 + 0.49 (2.38 − 0.4) + 0.75 × (2.38)2 ] = 3.109

Then, we check : χLT = 0.184 < 1.0

We obtain : χLT,mod = χLT / f = 0.177 / 1.0 = 0.177

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 7 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Design buckling resistance moment

Shear plastic resistance EN 1993-1-1

No shear buckling verification required.

Document Ref: SX011a-EN-GB Sheet 8 of 8

Eurocode Ref EN 1993-1-1

Serviceability Limit State verification

-(MG,A + MQ,A) = -(-5 – 55) = 60 kNm

Deflection due to end moments :

Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments

RESOURCE TITLE Example: Unrestrained beam with end moments

LOCALISED RESOURCE DOCUMENT

Name Company Date

Created by Laurent Narboux SCI Oct 2006

Technical content checked by Charles King SCI Oct 2006

Editorial content checked by D C Iles SCI 19/2/07

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