ONLINE DISASTER REPORT AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(A CASE STUDY OF NEMA)

 CHAPTER ONE

INTODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The National Emergency Management Agency of Nigeria was established via

Act 12 as amended by Act 50 of 1999, to manage disasters in Nigeria.
Therefore, from inception, NEMA has been tackling disaster related issues
through the establishment of concrete structures and measures. Such
measures as the education of the public in order to raise their level of
awareness and reduce the effects of disasters in the Country.

Since inception in 1999, NEMA has been active in providing timely relief
assistance to victims both at national and international levels. The Agency has
provided relief materials to disaster victims from various states across the
country in response to various emergencies within the country. The Agency,
has also undertaken there settlement of the Internally Displaced Persons
(IDPs). An estimated 2,928 returnees were kept in camp for three days, fed,
and were given relief materials and medical attention and assisted with
transport fares to return to their various states. There is also an on-going
evacuation of about 17,000 Nigerians that fled Mambilla Plateau and
adjourning areas due to communal clashes to seek refuge in Cameroon. The
Federal Government through NEMA has a mandate to assist States and Local
Governments in disaster response and recovery. Recovery personnel at the
National Emergency Coordination Centre (NECC) in tune with this mandate
are required to closely monitor response activities and to obtain valuable data
regarding the severity and intensity of the event, the affected geographic area
and the potential unsatisfied critical needs of the affected population.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

As it has being observed that the conventional method used in preparing and
managing disaster report has resulted to the following problems:

1. Unavailability of Report as at when needed.

2. Longer time involved in preparing disaster report.

3. Inability to access disaster report anytime and anywhere.

4. Time consuming and costly to produce reports.

5. Lack of security.

6. Duplication of data entry.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The aim of this project work is to design an online disaster report

management system for NEMA.

The objectives are:

1. Developing a web page that enable Search and rescue

2. Policy and strategy

3. Information, education and prevention

4. Administration, finance and logistics

5. Relief and rehabilitation

6. Research and planning

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. To prevent disaster report from being eating up by rodents

2. To enable Search and rescue

3. To enhance the availability of Information.

4. To enable the detection of better strategies to prevent future

occurrence.

1.5 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of this research work is strictly on the design of an online disaster
report management system.

This study is limited to the body mentioned above because of:

1. Time limit for the project

2. Limited fund

3. Limited data available to the research

4. Inconsistency and unstable power supply.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. REPORT: an account given of a particular matter, especially in the form of

an official document, after thorough investigation or consideration by an
appointed person or body.
2 DISASTER: A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously
disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human,
 material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the
community's or society's ability to cope using its own resources.

3 INTERNET: a global computer network providing a variety of information

and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.

4 PHP: (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor) is a widely-

used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially
suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.

5 HTML: Hypertext Mark-up Language, a standardized system for tagging

text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World
Wide Web pages.

6 PHOTOSHOP: A graphic designing application

7 SERVER: A specific application called a web server will be responsible for

communicating with the browser.

8 SQL: Structured Query Language, basically used in querying the database

to retrieve, updates, and review database.

9 WEB: This is an acronym of world wide web.

10 WEBBASED: Is any program that is accessed over a network connection,

rather than existing or quitting within a devices memory.

11 WEBSITE: A website is a collection of information about a particular topic

or subject.

12 WINDOW: An operating system.

 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Since inception in 1999, NEMA has been active in providing timely relief
assistance to victims both at national and international levels. The Agency has
provided relief materials to disaster victims from various states across the
country in response to various emergencies within the country. The Agency,
has also undertaken there settlement of the Internally Displaced Persons
(IDPs). An estimated 2,928 returnees were kept in camp for three days, fed,
and were given relief materials and medical attention and assisted with
transport fares to return to their various states. There is also an on-going
evacuation of about 17,000 Nigerians that fled Mambilla Plateau and
adjourning areas due to communal clashes to seek refuge in Cameroon. The
Federal Government through NEMA has a mandate to assist States and Local
Governments in disaster response and recovery. Recovery personnel at the
National Emergency Coordination Centre (NECC) in tune with this mandate
are required to closely monitor response activities and to obtain valuable data
regarding the severity and intensity of the event, the affected geographic area
and the potential unsatisfied critical needs of the affected population.

A number of definitions of ‘disaster’ have been proposed over time, many of

them focussing on the actual hazard or event and its cost in terms of loss of lif
e ordamage to property. In 1961, Fritz, for example, defined disasters as event
that are:
…concentrated in time and space, in which a society, or a relatively self-

sufficient subdivision of a society, undergoes severe danger and incurs

such losses to its members and physical appurtenances that the social

structure is disrupted and the fulfilment of all or some of the essential

functions of the society is prevented” (Fritz 1961, p. 202 Picou & Martin,

2006; Pyles, 2007).

More recently, however, the focus of disasters has moved towards

consideration
of the situation created by such events rather than simply of the origin, nature,

size, speed of onset and other physical attributes of the hazard or event.

In 1992 the United Nations recognised that for an event to be a disaster it

Mustoverwhelm the response capability of a community: An international

Disaster was defined as:

a serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread

human, material , or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the

affected society to cope using only its own resources (United Nations in

(Coppola, 2007) p. 25).

Another defining aspect of disasters is that while disasters may impact upon

individual victims, they do not happen to individuals per se (Hutton, 2001).

Disasters more accurately represent collective stress situations occurring at a

community level as a result of major unwanted consequences. As Gist and Lub

in explain, a disaster is:

inherently defined by its relationship to community – a cataclysm

qualifies as a disaster only to the extent that it overwhelms the capacity of

a community to contain and control its consequences. It is not at all, then,

a collection of individual experiences, though these certainly merit

address (1999,p. 352 in Hutton, 2001).

These changes have been brought about by recognition of the limited

Capabilityfor controlling such events and also from a realisation of the social,
economic,environmental, developmental and political consequences for the co
mmunities they affect. Although not all disasters affect all of these spheres, the

consequences tend to be similar regardless of the origins of the disaster (so

called “natural” or ‘human made”) (Emergency Management Australia, 2004a)

In its broadest sense, ‘disaster’ has therefore been defined in the Emergency

Management Australia Glossary as:

A serious disruption to community life which threatens or causes death or

injury in that community and/or damage to property which is beyond the

day to day capacity of the prescribed statutory authorities and which

requires special mobilisation and organisation of resources other than

those normally available to those authorities (EMA cited in Coles &

Buckle, 2004).

Other contemporary definitions of ‘disaster’ capture some or all of these

elements:

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society

causing widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses

that exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using

its own resources (The World Bank, 2006, p. xlix).

In 2002 the Commonwealth Government defined a (natural) disaster as:

…a serious disruption to a community or region caused by the

impact of a naturally occurring rapid onset event that threatens or

causes death, injury or damage to property or the environment and

which requires significant and coordinated multi-agency and

community response. Such serious disruption can be caused by any

one, or a combination of the following natural hazards: bushfire;

earthquake; flood; storm; cyclone; storm surge; landslide; tsunami;

meteorite strike; or tornado (Commonwealth of Australia, 2002).

Queensland’s Disaster Management Strategic Policy Framework uses the

definition of disaster and serious disruption from the Disaster Management

Act 2003:

A disaster is a serious disruption in a community caused by the

impact of an event that requires a significant coordinated response

by the State and other entities to help the community recover from

the disruption.

A serious disruption is the loss of human life, or illness or injury to

humans; and/or widespread or severe property loss or damage; and

/or widespread or severe damage to the environment (The State of

Queensland (Department of Emergency Services), 2005p. 5).

Whatever terminology is used and for whatever types of event – natural or

human - all such incidents are not only physical events requiring procedural

approaches to planning and response, they are also psychological and social

events. Generally there is consensus that a disaster is an event that involves

thedestruction of property, injury, and/or loss of life; has an identifiable

beginning
and end; adversely affects a relatively large group of people; is ‘public’ and

shared by members of more than one family; is out of the realm of ordinary

experience; and psychologically, is traumatic enough to induce distress in

almost anyone (Saylor 1993 in (Eyre, 2006a)).

The scale of the consequences of the event is thus a defining feature of a

Disaster and so is the sense that a group of people make of the event –
a shared identity that they have, together, been affected by major catastrophe.

When is a disaster a national disaster?

Disasters cover a broad spectrum of events and can be differentiated in terms

of their agent (natural or human
caused), proximity, effects (visible or invisible),
size, scope, duration, magnitude and the number of deaths (Magurie & Hagan,

2007). Until the Bali tragedy of October 2002 countless (natural) hazard event
s

throughout Australian history have been mainly managed at the State, Territo
ry and Local Government levels with the national Government’s main role to

support local efforts.

The cross jurisdictional nature of events such as Bali and the 2003 Bushfires

pointed to the need for strong central coordination and management of recov
ery
activities and a different approach from the traditional reliance on local level
management.

Additionally, one of the key lessons of the Bali tragedy

was an expectation fromthose affected that they would receive the same level
and quality of support,

wherever they lived in Australia. The reality, however, was that service levels

differed between states/territories and a range of services were provided by

Australian Government agencies such as Centrelink

(CSMAC Disaster Recovery

Subcommittee, 2004). The scope of devastation caused by events led to an

expansion of thinking about recovery, not just the importance of and

longer term recovery but of economic and environmental

impacts as well as the social and physical (Coghlan & Norman, 2004).

Disaster recovery arrangements faced particular challenges in the post-

September 11 (2001) environment. With more than five million departures of

Australians travelling overseas in any one year the disaster

recovery landscape
since that time is characterised by the inclusion of large scale human-caused

offshore events involving Australians such as

the Bali tragedy in October 2002,

Madrid (2004) and the London (2005) bombings.

In addition, large numbers of Australians can be affected by catastrophic-

scale overseas disasters such as the
Tsunami (2004/5) and the Pakistan earthquake (2005). Larger onshore

“natural” events also present national-level implications, such as the 2003

bushfires which crossed three states and territories in Australia,

Cyclone Larry’s
impact on Northern Queensland (2005), and the Hunter Valley Floods (2007).

These events alongside the national implications of the

risks from exotic animal

disease and flu pandemics have all led to a re-examination of how Australia

copes with catastrophic and other major events, regardless of their place or

causes (Coghlan & Norman, 2004; CSMAC Disaster Recovery Subcommittee,

2004; Tarrant, 2006).

2.2 POSSIBLE TECHNIQUES

The disaster report management system will be designed in such a way that
the information will be accessible online through the internet by uploading all
the necessary documents, the report will be automatically processed online .
HTML, CSS, and some JavaScript for the front end to make the application
interactive; in the backend, PHP will be used to create a connection between
the application portal and the MySQL database.
2.3 TOOLS AND PROGRAMING LANGUAGE FOR DOING THE PROJECT

i. Window 7 operating system

ii. Cascading style sheets(css)

iii. Structural query language( mySQL)

iv. Hypertext Markup Language(HTML5)

v. Hypertext pre-processor(PHP)

vi. AJAX

vii. Computer system

viii. Hard disk size 40GB and above

ix. Processor speed of 1.6GHZ and above

x. RAM size of 512MB and above

2.4 METHOD AND PLANNING OF THE PROJECT

The method used in planning this project is the waterfall model. This model is
a linear sequential design approach for software development, in which
progress flows in one direction downward like water waterfall.

For this project the system runs through the phase of conception, initiation,
analysis, design, testing, deployment and maintenance.
 REQUIREMENT
PRODUCT

DESIGN

IMPLEMENTATION

VERIFICATION

MAINTENANCE
 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESGIGN

3.1 INTODUCTION

System analysis being considered to be the procedure which determines how

best to use the computer with other resources to perform task which met the
information need of an organization by the programmer, system analysis
expert in the domain organization.

3.2 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system is a method that has been carried out in terms of manual
operation. A system in which all the methods of reporting human right abuse
are done using the traditional approach. Critical analysis of this system
reveals that it is a system prone to a lot of errors, Unavailability of Report as at
when needed, Longer time involved in preparing disaster report, Inability to
access disaster report anytime and anywhere, Time consuming and costly to
produce reports. Lack of security.

1. Duplication of data entry.

. the system is such that the office is filled up with files which makes the office
dirty and a resting place for pest. Careful analysis also shows that due to
complexities of the manual system, information stored is difficult to retrieve.
Also because of the inconsistency of the manual system, at times file are lost
because of mismanagement.
3.2.1 INPUT ANALYSIS

3.2.2 OUTPUT ANALYSIS

3.3 WEAKNESS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

A lot of weakness are associated with the existing system, involves the use of
traditional method . The system has proved defective as the objective of the
system has also failed. Among the weakness associated with the existing
system include the following:

1. Unavailability of Report as at when needed.

2. Longer time involved in preparing disaster report.

3. Inability to access disaster report anytime and anywhere.

4. Time consuming and costly to produce reports.

5. Lack of security.

6. Duplication of data entry.

3.4 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES

The techniques for collecting data in this research work are:

PRIMARY SOURCE: This refer to the source of colleting original data in which
researcher approach people personal i.e interview method some people were
willing to give out information about the research topic while some were not.

SECONDARY SOURCE: In this process, data were obtained by the researcher

through journals, library and internet download.
3.5 ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system will be designed to replace the existing system to enable
importer apply for their road worthiness certificate online without
undergoing much stress. HTML, CSS, and some JavaScript for the front end to
make the application interactive; in the backend, PHP will be used to create a
connection between the registration portal and the MySQL database.

3.5.1 ALGORITHM

3.5.2 SYSTEM FLOCHART

3.6 DATABASE DESIGN

Database design is the database structure. Is the process of producing a

detailed data model of a database, the form database design can be used to
describe many different part of the design of an overall database. A fully
attributed data model contains detailed distribute for each entity. A well
designed database facilitates data management and generates accurate and
valuable information. A badly designed database can lead to bad decision
making and can lead to the failure of an organization.

The goal of database design is to make a representation of some “universe of

discuss”. The type, fact, business rules and other requirement that the
database is intended to model.

3.7 ENTITY RELATIONAL MODEL/RELATIONAL TABLE

 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION

System implementation is the construction of the new system and the delivery
of the new system to the Directorate for petroleum Resources.

The evaluation of performance, from the perspectives of both developers and

the staff of the DPR of complex system of hardware and software become
increasingly because of networking, distributed computing, distributed and
heterogeneous databases and the needs to store large quantities of data.

a. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

Program development is the process of defining the architectures, component,

modules, interface and data for a system to satisfy specified requirement. This
could also be seeing as the application of software theory to produce
development.

Before development of software, it is very necessary to consider certain

factors such as;

 Purpose of the software

 Cost of maintenance

 Users needs.

b. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

To be use effectively all system needs to contain both hardware and software.
System requirement is a perquisites often used as a guidelines as opposed to
an absolute rules. Most software defines two sections of system requirement
which are minimum and maximum.

i. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

These are the hardware component used in making the propose system work
effectively;

1. Computer system

2. Hard disk size 40GB and above

3. Processor speed of 1.6GHZ and above

4. RAM size of 512MB and above

5. Ups

6. Intel processor preferable

ii. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

Software requirement are sets of programmed instruction put together to

make the new system to work. That is set of Instructions/programs written to
accomplish a specific task. These include;

1. Window 7 operating system

2. Cascading style sheets(css)

3. Structural query language( mySQL)

 4. Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)

5. Hypertext preprocessor(PHP)

c. SYSTEM INTERFACE

System interface is a shared boundary across which two separate component

of computer system exchange information. The exchange can be between
software, computer hardware, and peripheral device, human and even
combination of these. Some computer hardware device such as touch screen
can both send and receive data through the interface while others such as
mouse, microphone or joystick are one way only.

Below are the necessary interface for the input and output of the proposed
software for Directorate of Petroleum oil and gas industry service permit
registration portal.

4.3.1 INPUT INTERFACE

4.3.2 OUTPUT INTERFACE

4.4 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

The system performance is characterized by the amount of useful work a

system can perform at a given point in time. This is said to be how fast and
effective the system can accomplish what its design for. It is the accuracy and
effectiveness of a system and the performance of the new system are;

i. Throughput i.e. the rate of successful message delivery over a

communication channel
 ii. Turnaround time i.e. the total time taken between the
submission of a Linux for the execution and the return of the
complete output to the user

iii. High speed of registration

iv. Easy recovery of data due to system back up

v. Easy to maintain

4.5 SYSTEM TRAINING

System training is the act of organizing, teaching and introducing the new
system to its users. It is a group of course work that is used to achieve a series
of training objectives. System training employs a syllabus that outline the
course work to be followed strictly.

System training may also incorporate a training manual that may serve as a
guide, reference source, or both during training. System training typically
mandates the use of specific teaching method for user work. The choice of the
teaching method and the use depends largely on the information or skills
being taught and the aptitude skill of the trainee.

For this research work, workshop will be held all around the federation to
educate the masses and staff on how to use the online system.

4.6 CONVERSION TO THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

Conversion to the proposed system is the way you want your system to be
used or operated, i.e. the usage of the new system to the existing system.
There are basically two type of system conversion, which is;
 1. Direct conversion

2. Parallel conversion

Direct conversion: This is an implementation process that involve essential

switch off the current system entirely and switch on the new system to take
place all at once. In this case the existing system is no longer available for
usage.

Parallel conversion: This is the running of both the current and new system
at the same time for a specific period of time. That is none of the system is
been abandon for the other until the existing system is been worn out and the
new system takes full control of the operation

For the sake of this project, the parallel conversion method will be employed
as both the traditional and computerized method will be used before the full
implementation of the computerized method.

4.7 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION

System documentation is the collection of document that describes the

requirement, capabilities, limitation, design, operation and maintenance of the
new system.

Therefore, NEMA is to document all the system functionalities so that if any

problem arises conflicting the performance of the new system, there will be a
better way to tackle such problem.
 4.7.1 USER MANUAL

A user manual is a technical communication document intended to give

assistance to the staffs of NEMA on how to use the new system.

It is usually written between technical writers although user’s guides are

written by programmers, product manager or other technical staffs. User’s
guides are mostly commonly associated with electronic goods, computer
hardware and software.

4.7.2 OPERATIONAL MANUAL

Operational manual provides system operators full detail on how to use the
new system. This enlightens the system operator on how the system works
with its environment. NEMA should provide an operational manual to its
staffs to enlighten, educate them on how to perform the basic operation on the
new system

4.8 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

System maintenance is the most crucial part of the system. It is critical to

keeping system running smoothly and preventing unplanned disruption.

There are three method of system maintenance;

i. Corrective maintenance

ii. Adaptive maintenance

iii. Perfective maintenance

Corrective Maintenance: This is a type of maintenance which implies the
removal of errors in a program which might have crept into the system due to
faulty design or wrong assumption. In corrective maintenance processing and
performance failures are repaired.

Adaptive Maintenance: in adaptive maintenance, program functions are

changed to enable the information system to satisfy the information need of
the users. This type of maintenance may become necessary because of
organizational changes.

Perfective Maintenance: This is the adding of new program to the existing

program. It is the modification of the existing program to enhance effective
respond to the user additional task which may come as a result of changes
from within or outside of the organization.

The corrective maintenance will be adopted for this work.

 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION, CONCLUSION

5.1 SUMMARY

The online disaster report management system is online system that will
make availability of Report as at when needed reduce in the longer time
involved in preparing disaster report, reduce in the time consumed and cost of
preparing disaster report.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

As the online disaster report management system is designed to replace the

traditional method of registering, the following are recommended:

1. Enough funds should be put in place for the training of staffs and people
to enable them has a maximum knowledge about how to use effectively
use the online system.

2. Workshops should be organized and financed to enlighten the general

public most especially the staffs on how to use access and use the
system.

3. Measure should be taking to prevent the applications from being

attacked by hackers or unauthorized user.

4. A regular update should be performed on the application to enable it

meet up with the latest development in the world of information
technology.
 1.3 CONCLUSSION

The online disaster report management system is a system that will create an
avenue whereby it will be able to accessible where ever they are; it also
protects the integrity of data that will be stored in the database, to enhance an
easy access of information.
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