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The shape and plan dimensions of the pile cap depends on the number of piles in the group and the spacing
between each pile. The most common shapes of pile caps are shown in figure below.
These pile cap shapes minimize the plan area for a symmetrical arrangement of piles about the load.
The pile cap should overhang the outer piles by at least 150mm but should not be excessive, generally not more
than the diameter of the pile diameter.
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4/16/2018 How to Design Pile Cap for Group of Piles in Foundation?
This minimizes the plan area and thus the cost, while providing sufficient length to:
The depth of pile cap is governed by the following criteria, where applicable:
Frost attacks
Pile anchorage
From the criterias above, shear is the most critical criteria for selection of depth of pile cap.
Generally, a pile cap is much deeper than a pad footing of similar dimensions, because it is subjected to much
higher concentrated reactions, and consequently to much higher bending moments and shear forces.
However, the increased depth gives the pile cap greater rigidity which is advantageous in spreading the load
evenly to all piles.
The Federation of Piling Specialists recommend the following most effective pile cap depths for a range of pile
diameters as shown in table below:
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300 700
350 800
400 900
450 1000
500 1100
550 1200
600 1400
750 1800
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