Evolution has

produced an
amazing variety of
plants, animals and
micro-organisms,
and the ecosystems
of which they are a
part, all intricately
linked. Collectively
it is known as
biological diversity
The survival of
human societies
and cultures is
dependent on
biological diversity,
which provides
essential ecosystem
services, including
hydrological and
geochemical cycles
and climatic
regulation that form
the basis for human
survival.
Biodiversity is
the key for
both ecological
security of the
state and
livelihood
security of
many
dependent
communities.
BIODIVERSITY DEFINATIONS

Many definitions  Biological diversity as the

of biodiversity variety and variability among
have been living organisms and the
proposed to the ecological complexes in which
scientific they occur. Boyle(1 99 l),
community, and
although the  Biodiversity as the variety of
wording is life and its associated
slightly different, processes.
they all have a Noss and Coopemder (1994)
common theme.
LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY
Four specific  The Genetic Level
levels of
organization of
 The Species/Population Level
biodiversity
include: the
genetic level, the  The Community/Ecosystem
species level, the Level
community or
ecosystem level  The Landscape/Regional
and the Level
landscape level.
The Genetic Level

Genes are the raw

material from which
all other aspects of
biological diversity
are built and so
genetic diversity is
fundamental to the
variety of life .
Genetic variation
among and within
species is a result of
evolution.
 The Species/Population Level

The species/population
level is the most
recognized level of
biological organization.
Some 1.4 million species
of organisms have been
discovered and named
but the total number of
species on earth has
been estimated between
10 and 100 million
species
The Community/Ecosystem Level

Ecosystem as a
dynamic complex of
plants, animals and
microorganisms and
their non-living
environment
interacting as a
functional unit.
Wetland Grassland
The Landscape/Regional Level

A landscape
may be
comprised of a
heterogeneous
group of
interacting
ecosystems in
a spatial
pattern.
 Category Species Category Species
Rare Indian wolf Endangered Tiger
Ratel Leopard
Rusty spotted cat Flying squirrel
Great Indian
bustard
Houbara bustard
Vulnerable Desert fox
Ghavial
Fishing cat
Marsh crocodile
Black buck
Common Indian
Chinkara
monitor
Four horned
Desert monitor
antelope
Indian peafowl
Indian wolf
Ratel
Rusty spotted cat
Tiger
Leopard
Flying squirrel
Great Indian
bustard
Houbara bustard
Ghavial
Marsh crocodile
Common Indian
monitor
Desert monitor
Vulnerable
Desert fox
Fishing cat
Black buck
Chinkara
Four horned
antelope
Indian peafowl
 Hides & hair

nature
Nutrition
management

Benifits of
livestock
diversity food
Manure
production

socio-
Financial
cultural
Security
values
S.N. Breed Home Tract Accession number
1 Jakhrana Rajasthan INDIA_GOAT_1700_JAKHRANA_06010

2 Marwari Rajasthan INDIA_GOAT_1700_MARWARI_06015

Rajasthan and
3 Sirohi INDIA_GOAT_1704_SIROHI _06019
Gujarat
Uttar Pradesh
4 Barbari INDIA_GOAT_2017_BARBARI_06002
and Rajasthan
 Distribution :
Sirohi District of
Rajasthan and
Palampur in
Gujarat.

Distribution. Marwar
region of Rajasthan,
comprising Jodhpur,
Pali, Nagaur, Bikaner,
Jalore, Jaisalmer and
Barmer districts.
 Distribution.
Jhakrana and a few
surrounding villages
near Behror, in the
Alwar district of
Rajasthan.

Distribution. Etah,
Agra and Aligarh
districts of Uttar
Pradesh, and
Bharatpur district of
Rajasthan.
REGISTERED BREEDS OF CAMEL

S.N. Breed Home Tract Accession number

1 Bikaneri Rajasthan INDIA_CAMEL_1700_BIKANERI_02001

2 Jaisalmeri Rajasthan INDIA_CAMEL_1700_JAISALMERI_02002

3 Jalori Rajasthan INDIA_CAMEL_1700_JALORI_02004

4 Kutchi Gujrat INDIA_CAMEL_0400_KUTCHI_02007

Madhya
5 Malvi INDIA_CAMEL_1000_MALVI_02008
Pradesh

6 Marwari Rajasthan INDIA_CAMEL_1700_MARWARI_02003

7 Mewari Rajasthan INDIA_CAMEL_1700_MEWARI_02005

Rajasthan and
8 Mewati INDIA_CAMEL_1705_MEWATI_02006
Haryana
Bikaneri breed of camel is one of the major camel
breeds found in India. The breed derives its name
from the city Bikaner which was established by Rao
Bika in the 15th century and is known for better
draught potential.
The breeding tract of Jaisalmeri breed
encompasses the Jaisalmer, Barmer and part of
Jodhpur district in Rajasthan. with very poor
vegetation. Sand dunes are the typical features of
the tract.
The Mewari breed of camel has derived its name
from the Mewar area of Rajasthan and is well
known for milk productin potential.
S.N. Breed Home Tract Accession number

1 Chokla Rajasthan INDIA_SHEEP_1700_CHOKLA_14008

2 Jaisalmeri Rajasthan INDIA_SHEEP_1700_JAISALMERI_14009

3 Magra Rajasthan INDIA_SHEEP_1700_MAGRA_14011

4 Malpura Rajasthan INDIA_SHEEP_1700_MALPURA_14012

Rajasthan and
5 Marwari INDIA_SHEEP_1704_MARWARI_14013
Gujarat
6 Nali Rajasthan INDIA_SHEEP_1700_NALI_14015

7 Pugal Rajasthan INDIA_SHEEP_1700_PUGAL_14017

8 Sonadi Rajasthan INDIA_SHEEP_1700_SONADI_14018

The Nali sheep is
found in
Ganganagar, Churu
and Jhunjhunu
districts of
Rajasthan, southern
part of Hissar and
Rotak districts of
Haryana.

The name originates

from the home tract of
the breed: Marwad.
Distribution. Jodhpur,
Jalore, Nagaur, Pali and
Barmer districts,
extending up to Ajmer
and Udaipur districts
of Rajasthan
 This breed is
distributed in Churu,
Jhunjhunu, Sikar and
bordering areas
of Bikaner, Jaipur and
Nagaur districts of
Rajasthan.

Pugal area of
Bikaner district is
its home tract. It is
distributed over
Bikaner and
Jaisalmer districts
of Rajasthan.
 (formerly known as
Bikaneri; also known
as Bikaneri Chokhla
andChakri) Distribu
tion. Bikaner,
Nagaur, Jaisalmer
and Churu districts
of Rajasthan.

The name is derived

from the home tract,
Jaisalmer.
a) Distribution.
Jaisalmer, Barmer and
Jodhpur districts of
Rajasthan. Pure
specimens are found in
southwestern Jaisalmer,
extending up to
northwestern Barmer
and southern and
western Jodhpur.
 Breeds of Cattle

S.N. Breed Home Tract Accession number

Haryana, Uttar Pradesh

1 Hariana INDIA_CATTLE_0520_HARIANA_03009
and Rajasthan

2 Kankrej Gujarat and Rajasthan INDIA_CATTLE_0417_KANKREJ_03011

Rajasthan, Haryana and

3 Mewati INDIA_CATTLE_1705_MEWATI_03017
Uttar Pradesh

4 Nagori Rajasthan INDIA_CATTLE_1700_NAGORI_03018

5 Rathi Rajasthan INDIA_CATTLE_1700_RATHI_03023

6 Tharparkar Rajasthan INDIA_CATTLE_1700_THARPARKAR_03028

7 Sahiwal Punjab and Rajasthan INDIA_CATTLE_1617_SAHIWAL_03026

Indian Fox

Desert Fox
European Roller Indian Roller
Black Drongo

White-bellied Drongo
 Tawny Eagle

Steppe Eagle
Bengal Monitor lizard

Desert Lizrd
Common Iora Marshall's Iora
Anogeissus pendula

Anogeissus sericea
Barleria prionitis Acacia jacquemontii
Celosia argentia convolvulus microphyllus
 Mitragyna parviflora

Dichrostachys cinerea
crotalaria burhia Oligochaeta ramosa
 Crateva adansonii

Verbesina encelioides
Tecomella undulata
Gmelina arborea
 Echinocereus pentalophus

Butea monosperma
 Cenchrus setigerus

Cistanche tubulosa
Red Collared Dove

Eurasian Collared Dove

Black-crowned Sparrow Lark

Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark

 bay-backed shrike

Long-tailed Shrike

Long-tailed Shrike
Scaly-breasted Munia

Black-headed Munia
Jungle Babbler Common babbler
Common Myna
Bank Myna
Red-wattled Lapwing

Yellow-wattled Lapwing
Butterfly Diversity
Blue Pansy Common Leopard
YELLOW PANSY

PLAIN TIGER
Reptile Diversity
Garden Lizard

The brilliant ground agama

PRESSURES ON BIODIVERSITY
 Increasing land demand and extensive –land use changes
 Degradation of wetlands
 Grazing
 Inadequate management focus and multiple pressures on
Protected Areas
 Clear felling of mixed forests and - promotion of
production forestry
 Intensification of Commercial Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry
 Erosion of Customary Rights and Community Management
 Invasion of exotic species
PRESSURES ON BIODIVERSITY

 Harvesting of Fuel wood, Timber and Other

Produce
 Forest Fire
 Road network inside Forest
 Mining
 Industrializations
 Unplanned tourism in PA
Increasing land demand and extensive –land
use changes
Degradation of wetlands
Grazing
Inadequate management focus and multiple pressures on
Protected Areas

Inadequate allocation
of financial and
human resources for
the protection and
management of PAs
resulted into many
illegal activities
including poaching
of wildlife, grazing
and cutting of trees &
animal kill in road
accidents .
Clear felling of mixed forests and
promotion of production forestry
Intensification of Commercial
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Invasion of exotic species
Harvesting of Fuelwood, Timber
and Other Produce
Forest Fire
Road Network inside Forest
Mining
Industrializations
Unplanned tourism in PA
Role of students in Biodiversity Conservation
 Capacity Building Programs
 School Based Environmental Clubs—Eco Clubs
 Environmental Awareness and Extension
Programs
 Printed Educational Materials
 Parinda Abhiyan
 Plantation of indigenous species
Capacity Building Programs
School Based Environmental
Clubs—Eco Clubs
Environmental Awareness and
Extension Programs
Awareness Programs
Printed Educational Materials
Parinda Abhiyan
Plantation of indigenous species
Walk in forest
Celebration of different days
Shramdan
Vanmahotsva
Propagation of indigenous plants
Field visit
Awareness rally
Devendra Kumar Bhardwaj
Deputy Conservator of forests, Rajasthan forestry and wildlife training institute Jaipur,
Rajasthan, India
136, Nemi Nagar Ext. Near vaishali Nagar, Jaipur (Rajasthan)-302021
E-Mail:Devendra_bhardwaj@yahoo.com