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Arts elements and design principles in buildings…

Architecture from homes to skyscrapers and from temples to stadiums, is an


expression of our heritage and everyday life.

There are many historical buildings that have been built by members of a
town, a community or a single family.

Buildings often stand for many years, they tell us about the past- our family’s
past, our community’s past, our country’s past.

New buildings also tell us about how we are adapting to the changes in the 21st
century by building on our heritage using fresh ideas.
Homes:

• Houses tell us a lot about how we live; our relationships with others in our family
and neighborhood, our beliefs, the work we do and our hopes and dreams.

The so-called Cape Malay homes in


the Bokaap express the cultural
richness brought to the Cape by the
slaves in the 17th and the 18th
centuries.

Bright colours and decorative


elements hark back to exotic places
like Indonesia, india, Malaysia and
Java. Neighbours lived in harmony
side by side, and still do today.
Some homes have been sold and
renovated, catering for the tastes of
the middle-class elite.
The mud walls of Francina Ndimande’s
house are covered by murals that are
examples of the Ndebele culture. The
decorations on each home are highly
individual and symbolic.

These show the skill of the mother in the


home, who passes her knowledge down to
her daughters.

Here the entrance to the property is emphasized by a high rectangular


opening topped with a round red gable. The effect is grand and formal.
Cob houses construction is becoming
popular once again. The Suskin family have
shown their houses themselves out of
natural materials that do not damage the
earth.

They use solar energy for heating and light.


Their respect for and love of nature is evient
in the earthy tones they have used to
decorate their homes.
The Johannesburg stadium (FNB
STADIUM) has the capacity of 94
000 , was refurbished for the
2010 Soccer World Cup. One of
the recent additions to the
stadium is the outer cladding,
made of ceramic concrete tiles.

These tiles keep heat down to a


minimum while their sandy
colours help this massive
bulging, nicknamed Calabash, to
blend in with the landscape.

The small openings and the tiles


form an irregular pattern on the
walls.
Both the skyscrapers and the stadium
are public buildings, but architects
have designed them for different
purposes:

In the skyscraper, people are packed


into offices, taking up as little space as
possible. However, the stadium is
designed so that people can see the
field in the middle.

The different purposes of the buildings


affect the overall shape and design.

The skyscraper is tall and high, while


the stadium is low and flat.

They take up little space on the


ground, often built skyscrapers in
downtown where buildings are
crowded.
New words:

• Architecture:
buildings of any kind, from planning stages to the final construction.

• Functional: When something works according to its purpose.

• Medium sized houses: Houses joined together on both sides, forming a row.

• Cob houses: A traditional form of a building using compact mixture of straw,


clay, sand and water.

• Calabash: a Hollowed out pumpkin from a marrow commonly used to hold


beer.

• Repeat pattern: a Shape or pattern that is repeated over and over a textile or
wallpaper design.

• Architectural forms: forms and elements of a building related to architecture.

• Architect: a person who designed and planned the structure of a building.


Collage: An image which may include newspaper clippings, coloured paper,
ribbons, string, text, photographs and other found objects, these are glued onto a
piece of paper or cloth.

Pattern: An arrangement of shapes, lines and colours, repetition of design.

Abstract: When something is expressed with colour and form to create an effect
rather than presenting real life objects or things.

Figuratively: Representation of objects or things like that in real life, for example, it
looks like a human form.

Impasto: The process of laying on paint thick so it stands out from the surface.

Monochromatic colour: A colour they mixed with white or black, to create tones of
the same colour.

Innovation: Using a new method or idea to create something different.

Pottery: Articles made of baked clay.

Proporttion: The size of a part of an object in relation to the entire object.


Highlights: The lightest part of an object that are the closest to the light source.

Kitsch: Something cheap, of low quality, overdone and used so often that it is no
longer interesting.

Motif: A design repeated to make a pattern.

Still life: An artwork with a group of objects as its subject matter.

Stylised: represented in a non- realistic style.

Terracotta: A hard brownish-red clay used to make vases, sculptures and tiles.

Shadows: The darkest parts of an object or scene which do not have light shining
on them.
One of the 8 World Heritage sites in South Africa.

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