A machine press, commonly shortened to press, is a machine tool that changes

the shape of a workpiece.[1]

Servomechanism

A servomechanism press, also known as a servo press or a 'electro press, is a press driven by
an AC servo motor. The torque produced is converted to a linear force via a ball screw.
Pressure and position are controlled though a load cell and an encoder. The main advantage of
a servo press is its low energy consumption; its only 10-20% of other press machines.
Another advantage is a quiet and clean work environment.

[edit] Arbor press

Main article: Arbor press

[edit] Forging press

Main article: Forging press

A forging press reforms the work piece into a three dimensional object—not only changing its
visible shape but also the internal structure of the material. A stronger part results from this
process than if the object was machined.

[edit] Press brake

Press brake
Main article: Press brake

A press brake is a special type of machine press that bends sheet metal into shape. A good
example of the type of work a press brake can do is the backplate of a computer case. Other
examples include brackets, frame pieces and electronic enclosures just to name a few. Some
press brakes have CNC controls and can form parts with accuracy to a fraction of a
millimetre. Bending forces can exceed 4,000 kilonewtons (900,000 lbf).[citation needed]

[edit] Punch press

Main article: Punch press

A punch press is used to form holes.

[edit] Quench press

Main article: Quench press

[edit] Rolling press

See also: Rolling (metalworking)

A rolling press has a set of rollers used to thin sheet metal. The sheet metal is fed into the
rollers, which are turning, and the sheet is pulled through. The space between the rollers is
smaller than the starting sheet metal thickness, therefore the metal is made thinner and/or
wider.

[edit] Screw press

Main article: Screw press

A screw press is also known as a fly press.

[edit] Stamping press

Main article: Stamping press

[edit] Others

Another kind of press is a set of plates with a relief, or depth-based design, in them. The metal
is placed between the plates, and the plates are pressed up against each other, deforming the
metal in the desired fashion. This may be coining or embossing or forming.

Capping presses form caps from rolls of aluminium foil at up to 660 per minute.

[edit] Comparison

Comparison of various machine presses

Typ Position of Type of Suspe
Type of frame Action Method of actuation Ram Bed
e of frame drive nsion
pres O G St A P S T V Ho Inc In Si D T C F Ec T S C R Pi O Ge U Ge O T F Si M S O Ad
s p a rai r il o i ert riz lin cli n o ri ra ro ce o cr a ac st v are n are n w o n ult o p just
e p gh c le li e ic ont abl ne gl u pl n nt ntr g e m k o er d, d d, e o u gl ipl li e abl
n- t- h r d r al al e d e bl e k - ic gl w & n di ov er un - - r- e e d n e
b si o e to e pi re er di der p p p
a de d - ni ct dri re dri o o oi
c b on ve ct ve i i nt
k a nn
c t t
k
cr
a
n
 k
Ben
XX X X X XX X X X X XX X X XX X
ch
Op
en-
bac
k XX X X X XX X X X XX X XX X X X
incl
ina
ble
Ga
p-
XX XXX X X X X X XX X X XX X XXX X X XX
fra
me
Adj
ust
abl
e- X X X X X X XX X XX X XX X
bed
hor
n
En
d-
X X X X X X X X X X XX
wh
eel
Arc
h-
XX X X XX X X X X X X
fra
me
Str
aig
XX XXX X X X XXXX X X X X X X X XXX X X XX
ht-
side
Re
duc X X X XXX X X X XX X X X X
ing
Kn
uck
le- X XXX XXX X X X XX X X XX
leve
r
Tog
gle-
X XXX XXX X X X X XXX X X
dra
w
Ca X X X XXX X X X X X X X X X
m-
dra
win
 g
Tw
o-
poi
nt
XX XXX XX X X X X X X XX
sin
gle-
acti
on
Hig
h-
pro X XXX XX X X X X XX X X
duc
tion
Dyi
ng
ma X X X X X X XX X X
chi
ne
Tra
nsf X X XXX X XX X X X X X X X
er
Fla
t-
edg
e X X X X X X X X
tri
mm
ing
Hy
dra X X X X X X X XXX X XX X X XX X
ulic
Pre
ss
XX X X X X X X XXX X
bra
ke

[edit] History
Historically, metal was shaped by hand using a hammer. Later, larger hammers were
constructed to press more metal at once, or to press thicker materials. Often a smith would
employ a helper or apprentice to swing the sledgehammer while the smith concentrated on
positioning the workpiece. Adding windmill or steam power yielded still larger hammers such
as steam hammers. Most modern machine presses use a combination of electric motors and
hydraulics to achieve the necessary pressure. Along with the evolution of presses came the
evolution of the dies used within them.

[edit] Safety
Machine presses can be hazardous, so safety measures must always be taken. Bi-manual
controls (controls the use of which requires both hands to be on the buttons to operate) are a
very good way to prevent accidents, as are light sensors that keep the machine from working
if the operator is in range of the die.

Machine press process

Power press with a fixed barrier guard

A press, or a machine press is a tool used to work metal (typically steel) by changing its
shape and internal structure.

A forge press reforms the workpiece into a three dimensional object—not only changing its
visible shape but also the internal structure of the material. A stronger part results from this
process than if the object was machined.

Bending is a typical operation performed and occurs by a machine pressing, or applying direct
pressure, to the material and forcing it to change shape. A press brake is a typical machine for
this operation.

An easy to understand type of machine press is a set of rollers. Metal is fed into the rollers,
which are turning to pull the material through. The space between the rollers is smaller than
the unfinished metal, and thus the metal is made thinner and/or wider.

Another kind of press is a set of plates with a relief, or depth-based design, in them. The metal
is placed between the plates, and the plates are pressed up against each other, deforming the
metal in the desired fashion. This may be coining or embossing or forming. A punch press is
used for forming holes.

Progressive stamping is a manufacturing method that can encompass punching, coining,

bending and several ways of modifying the metal, combined with an automatic feeding
system. The feeding system pushes a coil of metal through all of the stations of a progressive
stamping die. Each station performs one or more operations until a finished part is made per
the requirements on the print. The final operation is a cutoff operation, which separates the
finished part from the carrying web. The carrying web, along with metal that is punched away
in previous operations, is considered scrap metal.

A Press Break is a special type of machine press that bends sheetmetal into shape. A good
example of the type of work a press break can do is the backplate of a computer case. Other
examples include brackets, frame pieces and electronic enclosures just to name a few. Some
press breaks have CNC controls and can form parts with accuracy to a fraction of a
millimeter. These machines can be dangerous considering the knife-edge bending dies and
powerful 100+ ton bending force. However in the hands of a skilled operator the machine
presents minimum hazard.

Machine presses are used extensively around the world for shaping all kinds of metals to a
desired shape. A typical toaster (for bread) has a metal case that has been bent and pressed
into shape by a machine press.

History
Machine presses started as a hand-held hammer banging away at a piece of metal to shape it
to the desired form. Later, larger hammers were constructed to press more metal at once, or to
press thicker materials. Adding wind or steam power allowed for stronger presses. Most
modern machine presses use a combination of electric motors and hydraulics to achieve the
necessary pressure.

Introduction

The pneumatic press is an ideal carrier preparatory machine from Dalal

Engineering. Depending on the requirement, it can be modified to prepare either cheese or top
carriers for dyeing. The machine provides greater loading capacity for a carrier than manual
pressing.

Working Principle

The pneumatic press provides 1 to 2 tonne pressing force. Yarn cheeses wound on
compressible cores (dye springs/ plastic tubes) are pressed to form an integral column having
uniform density, which is a prerequisite for uniform dyeing. Sliver tops / bumps are slipped
off from their core tube to form a uniform pressed column.

Salient Features

• Low space requirement

• Simple operation with direction control valve
• Suitable for varied sizes of carriers