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SUGAR CANE BAGASSE ASH FOR ECO-FRIENDLY FLY ASH BRICKS

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 Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

SUGAR CANE BAGASSE ASH FOR ECO-FRIENDLY FLY ASH BRICKS

Bhavya Rana1, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda2, Dr F S Umrigar3

1
U.G. Student, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanaga,
Email: bhavya.rana093@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor and Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M. Engineering College,
Vallabh Vidyanagar-Gujarat-India, Email: jayesh.pitroda@bvmengineering.ac.in
3
Principal, B.V.M Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar-Gujarat-India, Email: bvm_princi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Agriculture is the most important economic activity of India with 60% rural population and which has
caused sustainable increase in the volume of residues of different types. Agra waste has proven to be
among the most versatile and cost effective modification of building material for construction and
their uses are expanding rapidly into nearly all areas of construction. Day by day utilization of quality
fly ash is increasing in the construction industry, so there is a need for a new material for partial
replacement of fly ash, agro waste like sugarcane bagasse ash is having potential of such material.
Such aspects might also be helpful in gaining LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) points. Use of fertile land in conventional brick production can also be saved by sugarcane
bagasse fly ash bricks. The current research study was carried out to explore the potential of using
Sugarcane Bagasse in brick production.

Keywords: Agro Waste, Sugarcane, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, Fly Ash, Bricks, Fertile Land

INTRODUCTION

Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial useful food product that forms lateral shoots at the base to
produce multiple stems, typically three to four meters high and about five cm in diameter.

The stalk of sugarcane is typically composed of 11–16% fiber, 12–16% soluble sugars, 2–3%
non-sugars, and 63–73% water. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to the climate, soil type, irrigation,
fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. The average yield of cane stalk is
60–70 tonnes per hectare per year. However, this figure can vary between 30 and 180 tonnes per
hectare depending on the knowledge and crop management approach used in sugarcane cultivation.
Sugar cane is a cash crop, but it is also used as livestock fodder.

Figure 1: Sugarcane
Source: drunkenbotanist.com

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 Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

Top Ten Sugarcane Producers-2009

Table:1
Top Ten Sugarcane Producers-2009
COUNTRY PRODUCTION (MILLION TONS)
Brazil 672.16
India 285.03
People’s Republic of China 116.25
Thailand 66.82

Pakistan 50.04
Mexico 49.49
Colombia 38.50
Philippines 32.50
Australia 30.28

Argentina 29.00
Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The

Statistical Division

Figure: 2 Top Ten Sugarcane Producers-2009

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Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

Figure: 3 Highest Production of Sugercane in India

Source: solutions@mapsofindia.com

Table: 2
Productions in India
STATE PRODUCTION (TONS)
Uttar Pradesh 112636
Tamilnandu 23396
Maharashtra 21060
Andhra Pradesh 16170
Karnataka 15050
Gujarat 12550
Haryana 8060
Uttarakhand 6441
Punjab 5330

Bihar 4042

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 Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

Figure: 4 Productions in India

Source: solutions@mapsofindia.com
BAGASSE

Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their
juice. It is currently used as a biofuel and in the manufacture of pulp and paper products and building
materials.
For each 10 tonnes of sugarcane crushed, a sugar factory produces nearly 3 tonnes of wet
bagasse. Since bagasse is a by-product of the cane sugar industry, the quantity of production in each
country is in line with the quantity of sugarcane produced.
Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills; when burned in quantity, it
produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill, with energy to spare. To
this end, a secondary use for this waste product is in cogeneration, the use of a fuel source to provide
both heat energy, used in the mill, and electricity, which is typically sold on to the consumer
electricity grid.

Figure 5: Sugarcane Bagasse

Source: ceesdghana.org

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 Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

SUGAR CANE – BAGASSE

Grasses such as sugar cane have stems which contain bundles of fibers, but they are not
classified as bast fibers (Romanoschi, 1998). The difference comes from the arrangement pattern of
the fiber bundles; in regular bast fibers the bundles are in a definite ring pattern, while in sugar cane
they are more randomly dispersed.

Now a days several varieties of sugar cane are used in agriculture. The sugar cane plants are
known to grow bast fibers represent fibers that are obtained from the stem or stalk of the plants.best in
tropical and subtropical regions.

APPLICATIONS

As a natural fibers in Concrete and Brick Production.

As a replacement of Fly Ash in Concrete/ Bricks.
After harvest, the crop produces sugar juice and bagasse, the fibrous dry matter. This dry matter is
biomass with potential as fuel for energy production.
Electricity Production: Electrical generation from bagasse could become quite important,
particularly to the rural populations of sugarcane producing nations. Recent cogeneration
technology plants are being designed to produce from 200 to over 300 kWh of electricity per
tonne of bagasse.
Biogas Production: A greener alternative to burning bagasse for the production of electricity is to
convert bagasse into biogas. Technologies are being developed to use enzymes to transform
bagasse into advanced biofuel and biogas. Not only could this process realize a greater energy
potential, the release of greenhouse gasses would also be drastically less.

CASE STUDY:

The used brick in 1 m3 are 500 nos. The quantity of fly ash used is 500 x 0.00198375 = 0.991875 x
0.60 = 0.5951 m3, which is considering depth excavation saves 0.5951 m2 of agricultural land.
Most Feasible Mix of Fly Ash Bricks:

Figure 6: Most Feasible Mix of Fly Ash Bricks

Source: Jayesh Pitroda (2009) Thesis, “Techno-economical study on Fly ash bricks in Central Gujarat
Region of India”, B.V.M. Engineering College, Sardar Patel University
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 Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

Table: 5
Fly Ash Bricks Testing Results
Description Results
Sample O
Wt. Before Absorption of Water in Kg. 2.797
% Water Absorption 12.920
Average Crushing Stress N/mm2 7.830
Average Density Kg / m3 1695.15
Cost/No. (in Rs./No.) 1.74

Table: 6
Fly Ash Replacements by Sugar Cane Bagasse in Fly Ash Brick
Fly ash Mix Fly ash replacement Sugar Cane Save in 1m
proportion in by Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash/m³ depth fertile
Brick Bagasse Ash in Brick in Bricks land in m²
60% 10% 0.0993 0.0993
50% 20% 0.1987 0.1987
40% 30% 0.2981 0.2981
30% 40% 0.3975 0.3975
20% 50% 0.4968 0.4968
10% 60% 0.5962 0.5962

In 1m³, No. of Bricks =500 nos

Volume of 1 Brick in m³ = 0.00198375 m³

CONCLUSIONS:

a) We can say that if fly ash is replaced by Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in fly ash brick by using
10%, 20%, 30% , 40%, 50%, 60% Sugarcane Bagasse Ash; we can save 0.0993m², 0.1987m²
0.2981 m², 0.3975m² , 0.4968 m² , 0.5962m² in 1m depth of fertile agricultural land,
respectively. This enables us to retain our available resources. There by keeping the earth
excavated.
b) Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash help in environmental prevention by prevention of fertile land
utilized in brick production.
c) Uses of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in brick can save the agriculture industry’s disposal costs and
produce a ‘greener’ bricks for construction.
d) An innovative supplementary cementitious Construction Material is formed through this
study.

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 Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

e) Nowadays price of good quality fly ash is also increasing so that sugarcane bagasse can be a
better alternative to curb such problems (as shown in below).

Figure 7 Price of Fly Ash (Class F) in Charutar Region of Central Gujarat, India

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Authors thankfully acknowledge to Dr. C. L. Patel, Chairman, Charutar Vidya Mandal,
Er.V.M.Patel, Hon. Jt. Secretary, Charutar Vidya Mandal, Mr. Yatinbhai Desai, Jay Maharaj
construction, Dr. A. K. Verma, Head & Professor, Structural Engineering Department, Dr.B.K.Shah,
Associate Professor, Structural Engineering Department, B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh
Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India for their motivations and infrastructural support to carry out this research.

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 Proceedings of National Conference CRDCE13, 20-21 December 2013, SVIT, Vasad

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