Plane Curvilinear Motion

0. Introduction
1. Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)
2. Normal and Tangential Coordinates (n-t)
3. Polar Coordinates (r-θ)

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 Plane Curvilinear Motion
Position vector → Velocity vector → Acceleration vector
Position
Change in position
(displacement)

Reference frame

Distance
(along curve)

Origin Position vector

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Plane Curvilinear Motion
Velocity
 
 r  dr 
v  lim v r
t 0 t dt

Magnitude: v
Direction: tangent to the curve at that point
 
v // r

Note: v  r
2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 3
Plane Curvilinear Motion
Acceleration
 
 v  dv 
a  lim a v
t 0 t dt

Magnitude: a
Direction: pointing
 inward the curve
a // v

Note: a  v
2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 4
Plane Curvilinear Motion
1. Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)
2. Normal and Tangential Coordinates (n-t)
3. Polar Coordinates (r-θ)
Notes: Usage will depend on the situation
Usually, more than one can be used.
Sometimes, more than one is needed at the same time

2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 5

1.Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)

r  xiˆ  yˆj

v  xiˆ  yˆj  v x iˆ  v y ˆj

a  xiˆ  yˆj  vx iˆ  v y ˆj
Magnitude & Direction
- Pythagoras
r  x2  y2
v  v x2  v y2

a  a x2  a y2
- Trigonometry (sine and
cosine laws, etc.)
vy
eg. tan  
vx
2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 6
1.Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)
Applications

2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 7

1. Rectangular Coordinates (x-
y)
Projectile Motion
y motion can be considered independently
from the x direction

2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 8

1.Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)
Example 1:

Notes:

Ans:
2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 9
1. Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)
Example 2: Projectile Motion

Ans:

2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 10

1. Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)
Example 3: Projectile Motion
Determine the smallest angle θ, measured above the
horizontal, that the hose should be directed so that the water
stream strikes the bottom of the wall at B. The speed of the
water at the nozzle is vc.

Ans:

2141263 Dynamics and Vibrations NAV 11