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Summary

Contents
Al Gore .......................................................................................................................................1
City of London ............................................................................................................................2
UK Voting ...................................................................................................................................2
Country vs city living ..................................................................................................................3
HYPoTHERMIA............................................................................................................................3
Eco tourism (summarize spoken text) .......................................................................................3
Rats pups (summarize spoken text) ...........................................................................................3
Travelling and tourism (summarize spoken text) (rough) .........................................................4
Advertisements of medicine during prime time TV breaks (listening) ......................................4
Humans and other species can adapt changes surrounding them (listening) (rough) ............4
Einstein theory on universe (rough) ..........................................................................................5
Laughing (rough) ........................................................................................................................5
Underwater Telescopes (rough) ...............................................................................................5
Chocolate (rough) ....................................................................................................................5
Comparative advantage US vs developing nations ...................................................................5
Female bird singing ....................................................................................................................6
Mr. green (Amory lovins) (listening) (rough) .............................................................................6
Plants serve as the conduit (rough) ...........................................................................................6
Greenhouse gases ......................................................................................................................6
Indian vs US engineers ...............................................................................................................7
Citizenship a subject (listening) (rough) ...................................................................................7

Al Gore
The conclusions made by the former US vice president, Al Gore are
somewhat exaggerated to those made by the scientists from IPCC over
the climate change because of their different predictions on the rise in
sea level and the melting of ice in Greenland and according to the best
study, the heat will claim 400,000 more lives than cold by year 2050 and
it can be stated that global warming would actually save lives.
or

Al Gore in his academy award-winning movie has exaggerated the


threat of global warming as his climate model claims accelerated melting
of ice in Greenland, unrealistic heat related deaths and a rise of sea
level by 20 feet, but IPCC’s predictions are somewhat restrained as the
scientists expect a maximum of two feet rise in the sea levels.

City of London
London is one of the most expensive cities in the world to live in, and it
has now become the biggest financial Centre of the world overtaking
New York, Frankfurt and Tokyo, but the progress has not been smooth
and the city still faces a lot of challenges in terms of transportation
system and there is a risk of terrorist attack.

UK Voting
Importance of voting – in democracy you elect people who will bring in
change into the country- some countries it is not necessary for everyone
to vote – the number of female voters is less-

Voting is a very important right in democratic set up as it allows people


to choose their representatives who, on their behalf, reform the system,
but in countries such as Canada and the UK where voting is not
compulsory, voter turnout is lesser especially among the female voters,
so it is important for the politicians to create awareness and ensure that
people exercise their rights.
Country vs city living

Countryside, no doubt, offers many advantages, but better water supply,


roads, and comforts such as central heating beat the rural life any day,
so it is very hard to convince a town born and bred person to live in the
country.

The countryside living is indubitably a lifestyle to avoid the frantic hustle


and bustle of the city, but at the cost of losing the perks of city such as
better water supply, and transportation etc, which eventually makes
harder to convince a city person to immigrate to the rural area.

HYPoTHERMIA
In order to protect a person to suffer from Hyperthermia, a human body
has number of natural phenomena such as conduction, convention,
radiation, and evaporation, which regulates and refrains the body
temperature to fall into zero-temperature zone.

Eco tourism (summarize spoken text)


Eco tourism is a form of holiday that is aimed at protecting the
environment, promoting the local culture as well as economy, but in
reality this concept lacks scientific foundation and in some cases rather it
can harm the environment and threaten the economy. There are, in fact,
multitudes of options available nowadays such as green travel, nature
based travel and adventure travel and this may confuse a genuine
traveler.

Rats pups (summarize spoken text)


Research on the phenomenon of nurture in rats’ reveal that the rat pups
that are poorly licked by their mothers become aggressive, highly
anxious, and hard to handle, whereas those who receive more licking
and grooming are relaxed and easier to handle. This difference in stress
response is mainly due to the release receptor gene that is expressed
more in the pups that are highly licked by their mothers.

Travelling and tourism (summarize spoken text)


(rough)
Tourism industry has grown dramatically in the recent years. It has
boomed many jobs, and mainly the girls have got so many jobs. Job
hunt is easier as many graduates are getting into this field and has a
great scope in this field.

Advertisements of medicine during prime time


TV breaks (listening) (rough)
The advertisement related to prescribed medicines has doubled during
the prime time TV breaks in the recent years. The advertising gives
technical right information but the tone of the advertiser is misleading.
Many people innocently buy these products which they see on
advertisements. Many people get tempted to buy medicines for
depression and anxiety which doesn’t heal their problem but have a
sense that it will cure it. The speaker conveys message that we should
not buy medicines as we buy perfumes and soaps.

Humans and other species can adapt changes


surrounding them (listening) (rough)
Frog example- put in jar with heating the water and the frog changes the
temperature of the body and adjust the temp of its body.plants and
animal species can adopt and adjust to the environment. Ability to adopt
the changes in surrounding.
Einstein theory on universe (rough)
Our understanding was all the heavenly objects occupied fixed space
but Einstein theory said the universe is changing in relation to space and
time also the stars and planets were changing too but he was not the
only one to propose this theory but this was also observed by the
astronomerHubal.

Laughing (rough)
It is the one of the best thing to get rid of stress. Reduces BP, stress.
Helps in shaping our personality. Laughing in tough times can help in.
example after the world war

Underwater Telescopes (rough)

Telescopes are installed on ocean floor. The sensors are very sensitive
and detect the changes of the temp. Mediterranean Sea in France. Used
by the astrologers to understand the eating behavior of fish and their
habitat. Marine biologists

Chocolate (rough)
Had important role in Aztec and Mayan society. Cocoa was expensive
and was a royal drink. Cocoa seeds were used as money.

Comparative advantage US vs developing


nations
Developing countries such as China and India specialize in the
production of labor intensive products because of abundance of low
priced labor, whereas the united states has an advantage in the
production of goods that are human and physical capital intensive
because of its sophisticated technology and abundance of highly
educated labor force so this implies that the united states will maintain
lead in the innovation, but later the production process will migrate to
countries with less expensive labor.

Female bird singing

Previously the ornithologists established that, the male birds did the
singing and female birds did the listening but, the study conducted by
Roop and her colleagues from the university of Antwerp, revealed that
the singing first evolved in females and concluded that the female birds
have been overlooked because, either their songs were quiet, they were
mistaken for males or they lived in less well studied areas such as
tropics.

Mr. green (Amory lovins) (listening) (rough)


Writer, environmentalist and Chief scientist/ head of the group Rocky
Mountain institute. Worked actively over 40 years on environment in
relation with economy and sustainable energy. He built a house to
demonstrate the utilization of the energy. Some people said that he is
crazy about energy and one writer wrote a book on him named book Mr.
Green

Plants serve as the conduit (rough)


To deal with global issues such as food, energy and environmental
degradation, plant research is very important because all our food is
directly or indirectly produced by plants and they also produce energy,
and advancements in this area of research requires investment on
technology so that we can have a sustainable future.

Greenhouse gases
Our everyday actions such as driving, smoking, heating a house or using
an aerosol hair spray, produce greenhouse gases which creates
negative externality because most of the cost is borne by the individuals
other than the one involving in these actions, so to reduce the production
of greenhouse gases it is important to discipline the behavior of
individuals, and that can be done through government regulations and
taxation.

Indian vs US engineers
 Indian engineers and techniques can provide both programing as
well as innovation at a much lesser cost/dollar value
 Us will not lose jobs – India will have an advantage in
programming – us in technological innovation
 physical capital is required in innovation – hard to get in India

Engineers and technicians in India have the capacity to provide both


computer programming and innovative new technologies at a much
lesser cost as compared to their United States counterparts, but the
disadvantage of obtaining physical capital in India will remain an
obstacle so India will specialize in programming, whereas the US will
lead in the area of technology innovation.

Citizenship a subject (listening) (rough)


 Citizenship a subject – moral and ethical values – shape the
leaders of tomorrow
 Earlier – previously most of the schools were reluctant to include in
the curriculum and did not know the values of it but nowadays
schools have shown willingness.
 Although there are only a few classes and students bunk the
classes because they don’t understand these values.
Speaking (describing image)

The given image/graph provides us interesting and important information


on _________. It can be clearly seen that ________. The most striking
feature of the graph/image is that all the considerable changes that have
taken place with the passage of time are quite evident. What is more
noteworthy about this graph/image is that there is a significant shift in
the figures and trends seem to suggest that overall _________. So,
logically it can be concluded that _________.

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