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Home / Technology / Mechanics / Difference Between Turbofan and Turboprop

Difference Between Turbofan and Turboprop

Posted on August 16, 2012 by admin Last updated on: August 16, 2012

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Turbofan vs Turboprop

To overcome disadvantages in the performance of the turbojet engines at subsonic speeds, such as
efficiency and noise, advanced variants were built based on the turbojet engines. Turbofans were
developed as early as 1940s, but not used due to less efficiency until 1960s, when Rolls-Royce RB.80
Conway became the first production turbofan engine.

Turboprop engines are another variant built on the turbojet engine, and use the turbine to produce
shaft work to drive a propeller. They are a hybrid of early reciprocating engine propulsion and newer gas
turbine powered propulsion. Also, turboprop engines can be seen as a turboshaft engine with propeller
connected to the shaft through a reduction gear mechanism.

More about Turbofan Engine

Turbofan engine is an advanced version of the turbojet engine, where the shaft work is used to drive a
fan to take in large amounts of air, compress, and direct through the exhaust, to generate thrust. Part of
the air intake is used to drive the jet engine in the core, while the other portion is directed separately
through a series of compressors and directed through the nozzle without undergoing combustion.
Because of this ingenious mechanism the turbofan engines are less noisy and deliver more thrust.
High Bypass Engine

The bypass ratio of air is defined as the ratio between the mass flow rates of air drawn through a fan
disk that bypasses the engine core without undergoing combustion, to the mass flow rate passing
through the engine core that is involved in combustion, to produce mechanical energy to drive the fan
and produce thrust.

In a high bypass design, most of the thrust is developed from the bypass flow, and in the low bypass, it is
from the flow through the engine core. High bypass engines are usually used for commercial
applications for their less noise and fuel efficiency, and low bypass engines are used where higher power
to weight ratios are required, such as military fighter aircraft.

More about Turboprop Engine

Turboprop engine is an advanced version of the turbojet engine, where the shaft work is used to drive a
propeller through a reduction gear mechanism attached to the turbine shaft. In this form of jet engines,
majority thrust is generated by the propeller reaction and the exhaust generates a negligible amount of
usable energy; hence mostly not used for thrust.

The propellers in turboprop engines are usually a constant speed (variable pitch) type, similar to
propellers used in larger reciprocating aircraft engines. While most modern turbojet and turbofan
engines use axial-flow compressors, turboprop engines usually contain at least one stage of centrifugal
compression.

Propellers lose efficiency as aircraft speed increases, but very efficient at flight speeds below 725 km/h.
Hence turboprops are normally not used on high-speed aircraft and are used to power small subsonic
aircraft. Some exceptions exist, such as Airbus A400M and Lockheed Martin C130, which are large
military freighters, and turboprops are used for high-performance short-takeoff and landing
requirements of these aircrafts.

What is the difference between Turbofan and Turboprop Engine?

• In turbofan engines, a gas turbine engine is used to drive a fan to generate the thrust while, in
turboprops, it is used to drive a propeller.

• In turbofan engine, thrust generated is a combination of bypass flow and gas turbine exhaust, while
turboprops generate thrust almost completely by the propellers.

• Turbofans perform with good efficiency at both supersonic and transonic flight, but a turboprop can
be only used in subsonic flight.

Diagram Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turboprop_operation-en.svg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turbofan_operation.svg

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Filed Under: MechanicsTagged With: turbofan, Turbofan Engine, turboprop, Turboprop Engine

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