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18/433436/PKU/17349
KMPK
Tutorial 5
Statistik inferensial
1. Stimasi
2. Uji hipotesis
Mean
proporsi
variance
uji hipotesis
Ho benar Ho salah
Tidak menolak 1-alpha Type II (beta)
Ho
Menolak Ho Type error I (alpha) 1-beta (power)
semakin tinggi power
semakn bagus, yang
mempengarhui power
tinggi adalah n kecil.
Hypothesis Tests: I
1. The level of significance, alpha, is the probability of
a. rejecting a false null hypothesis(1-beta)
b. accepting a true null hypothesis(1-alpha)
c. rejecting a true null hypothesis(alpha)
d. accepting a false null hypothesis(beta)
2. If an investigator rejects the null hypothesis
a. s/he has committed a Type II error
b. s/he has committed a Type I error
c. s/he has committed no error
d. s/he may have committed a Type II error
1) a, b, and c
2) a and c
3) b and d
4) d only
5) none of the above
3. A Type II error is
a. the probability that the null hypothesis is true
b. the probability that the null hypothesis is false
c. made if the null hypothesis is accepted when it is false
d. made if the null hypothesis is rejected when it is true
e. none of the above
4. The p-value is
(peluang mengamati perbedaan sebesar yang kita amati, atau lebih besar, secra
kebetulan jika Ho benar)
P value < alpha tolak Ho
P value ≥ alpha menerima Ho
Cara mengambil keputusan : Statistik uji, Convidence Interval, P value
Arif Nugroho Triutomo
18/433436/PKU/17349
KMPK
2. One method for assessing the effectiveness of a drug is to note its concentration in blood
and/or urine samples at certain periods of time after giving the drug. Suppose we wish to
compare the concentrations of two types of aspirin in urine specimens at one time and
measure the 1-hour urine concentration. One week later, after the first aspirin has
presumable been cleared from the system, we give the same dosage of the other aspirin to
the same person and note the 1-hour urine concentration. Since the order of giving the
drugs may affect the results, we use a table of random numbers to decide which of the two
types of aspirin to give first. We perform the experiment on 10 people. What statistical
procedure would be appropriate for comparing the two types of aspirin?
Jawab : the paired t test
Karena sampel sama, (uji aspirin 1 dan uji aspirin 2)
3. A study was performed in 1086 to relate the use of oral contraceptives with the levels of
various lipid fractions in a groups 163 non-pregnant, pre-menopausal women ages 21-39.
The serum cholesterol among 66 current users of oral contraceptives was 201 + 37 (mg/dl)
(Mean + Standard deviation), whereas for 97 nonusers it was 193 + 37 mg/dl. What
statistical procedure would be appropriate for determining if cholesterol levels are affected
by the oral contraceptive use?
Jawab : the independent two-sample t test ( equal variance karena variansinya sama)
Karena terdapat 2 kelompok berbeda tidak saling berkaitan
User 66201+37
Non user 97 193+37
the independent two-sample t test (diuji), T test digunakan untuk sampel
1. Equal variansi
2. Unequal variansi
Variansi opulasi (penjelasan)
1. Diketahui (Z test digunakan untuk populasi)
2. Tidak diketahui (T test digunakan untuk sampel) kemudian dianalisis apakah equal
dan unequal
Arif Nugroho Triutomo
18/433436/PKU/17349
KMPK
4. In a pediatric clinic a study is carried out to see how effective aspirin is in reducing
temperature. Twelve 5-year-old girls suffering from influenza had their temperatures taken
immediately before and 1 hour after administration of aspirin. What is the appropriate
statistical procedure for determining if aspirin is reducing the temperature? State the
appropriate null and alternative hypothesis
Jawab :
Menurunkan Temperatur
Ho : temp1 ≤ tempt2
H1 : tmpt 1 > tempt2
5. An investigator wishes to determine if sitting upright in a chair versus lying down on a bed
will affect a person’s blood pressure. The investigator decides to use each of 10 patients as
his or her own control and collects systolic blood pressure data in both the sitting and
lying positions. What statistical procedure would be appropriate to determine the effect of
position on blood pressure?
Jawab : The paired T Test
sampel sama
Questions:
a) State the null and alternative hypothesis for determining if the response is the same
among Coffee Drinkers.
Jawab :
µ caffein = µ placebo
µ cafein ≠ µ placebo
b) What is the appropriate statistical procedure to test the null hypothesis in (a)?
Jawab : The Independent two-sample t test
Sampel berbeda
c) What are the degrees of freedom associated with the test statistic in (b)?
Jawab :
n1+n2-2
44+41-2 = 83
Arif Nugroho Triutomo
18/433436/PKU/17349
KMPK
d) State the null and alternative hypotheses to determine if the caffeine response is the
same between Non-Coffee and Coffee Drinkers.
e) What is the appropriate statistic procedure to test the null hypothesis in (d)?
The independent two-sample t test
f) What are the degrees of freedom associated with the test statistic in (e)?
Jawab :
n1+n2-2
50+44-2 = 92
3. A recent study attempted to compare the working environment in offices where smoking
was permitted with that in offices where smoking was not permitted. Measurements were
made of carbon monoxide (CO) at 1:20 pm in 40 work areas. Where smoking was
permitted, the mean CO=11.6 parts per million (ppm) and the standard deviation CO=7.3
ppm. Where smoking was banned, the mean CO=6.9 ppm and the standard deviation
CO=2.7 ppm. What statistical procedure would be appropriate to see whether or not the
mean CO is different in the two types of working environments? Bebeda atau tidak??
Jawab : the independent two sample t test
Boleh rokok
Xbar: 11.6
S : 7,3
Rokok dilarang
Xbar : 6,9
S : 2,7
(In stata)
#Display = sdtesti 20 . 7.3 20 . 2.7