EDTA-METHOD (complexometric method)

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Method

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Preferred IUPAC name[hide]

2,2',2'',2'''-(Ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid

Systematic name[hide]
2-({2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}(carboxymethyl)amino)acetic acid

Other names
Diaminoethane-tetraacetic acid

Edetic acid

Ethylenedinitrilo-tetraacetic acid
Versene
Identifiers
Abbreviations EDTA

H4EDTA

CAS number 60-00-4  , 15251-22-6 (2H),(2H),(2H)

PubChem 6049  , 46781544 (13C),(13C),(1-13C) 
, 16217600 (2H),(2H),(2H) 
ChemSpider 5826  , 17345117 (2H),(2H),(2H) 
UNII 9G34HU7RV0 
EC number 200-449-4
UN number 3077
DrugBank DB00974
KEGG C00284
MeSH Edetic+acid
ChEBI 42191
RTECS number AH4025000
ATC code V03AB03
SMILES  [show]
InChI  [show]
InChI key  [show]
Beilstein Reference 1716295
Properties
 Molecular formula C10H16N2O8
Molar mass 292.24 g mol−1
Density 0.86 g/cm3
Melting point
237–245 °C (dec.)

Acidity (pKa) pK1=0.0 (CO2H) (µ=1.0)

pK2=1.5 (CO2H) (µ=0.1)
pK3=2.00 (CO2H) (µ=0.1)
pK4=2.69 (CO2H) (µ=0.1)
pK5=6.13 (NH+) (µ=0.1)
pK6=10.37 (NH+) (µ=0.1)
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
R-phrases R36
S-phrases S26
NFPA 704

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Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard
state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, widely abbreviated as EDTA  is a polyamino carboxylic acid and a

colourless, water-soluble solid. Its conjugate base is named ethylenediaminetetraacetate. It is
widely used to dissolvescale. Its usefulness arises because of its role as a hexadentate ("six-
toothed") ligandand chelating agent, i.e. its ability to "sequester" metal ions such as Ca2+ and Fe3+.
After being bound by EDTA, metal ions remain in solution but exhibit diminished reactivity. EDTA is
produced as several salts, notably disodium EDTA and calcium disodium EDTA.
Disodium salt of EDTA

H2NCH2CH2NH2 + 4 CH2O + 4 NaCN + 4 H2O → (NaO2CCH2)2NCH2CH2N(CH2CO2Na)2 + 4 NH3

This acts as a tetra/hexa dentate ligand and attaches itself with metal ions (through O or N atoms)

to give very stable, soluble and colourless complexes (Chelates)*.

2+ 2+
Since hardness of water is due to the presence of Ca and Mg mainly, their presence can

conventially determined by titrating an water sample against standard against standard solution of

Na EBT indicator to note the end point.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetatocalcium ion or just [Ca(EDTA)]2-

Eriochrome Black-T (indicator) is :

Sodium 1-(1- hydroxyl-2-naphthylazo-6-nitro-napthol-4-sulphonate)

Principal of EDTA Titrations :

The water sample (under test) is buffered to a pH value of nearly about 10 and a
few drops of indicator solution are added.

A weak complex of wine-red colour is formed and hence whole reaction mixture
becomes wine-red.

[ M ions} + Eriochrome Black-T (M-Eriochrome Black-T)

(water sample) (blue) (complex)

In the course of the reaction of water against EDTA disodium salt, it combines with
the metal ions to give very stable and colourless metal-EDTA complex

M + EDTA (M-EDTA) complex

(colourless)

And when the excess drop of EDTA solution added to the reaction solution,
displaces the indicator from (M-Eriochrome Black T) complex, since the stability of
(M-EDTA) complex is very high in comparion of former one.

(M-Eriochrome Black T) complex + EDTA

(M-EDTA) complex + Eriochrome Black-T

(blue)

So, at the end point there is change in colour from wine red to blue.

A limitation of EBT is that its solutions are not stable. They decomposes slowly
on standing, refrigeration slows this process. Another indicator calmagite does not
suffer this disadvantage. And for all practical purposes, its behaviour is identical to
Eriochrome Black-T.
PROCEDURE:

1. Preparation of standard water sample: Exact 1 gm of pure and dry CaCO3

is dissolved in a minimum quantity of HCl and the solution is evaporated to
dryness over a hot water bath. The residue left behind is dissolved in distilled
water and the solution is made up to one litre. Now, each ml of theis solution
has 1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent hardness (1ppm). This solution is 0.01 M of
calcium ions.

CALMAGITE

2. Preparation of EDTA solution: 3.78 gm of disodium salt of EDTA is

dissolved in distilled water and made upto 1 litre. (0.01 M solution)

3. Preparation of Eriochrome Black-T solution: 0.5 gm Eriochrome Black-T

indicator is dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol.

4. Preparation of buffer solution: 67.5 gm of NH4Cl to 570 ml of conc.

ammonia solution is dissolved and made up to one litre with distilled water.
Steps involved in EDTA-Method

1. Standardization of EDTA-solution: Fill the burette with EDTA solution.

Pipette out 50 ml of standard water into a conical flask.
Add 10 ml buffer solution and 3-4 drops of Eriochrome Black-T.
Titrate the solution of conical flask against EDTA until the wine red colour
changes to blue. Let the volume of EDTA used be V1 ml.

2. Determination of total hardness of water: Take 50 ml of water sample and

titrate it against EDTA as per procedure discussed above. Let the volume of
EDTA consumed be V2 ml.

3. Determination of permanent hardness of water: Take 250 ml of water

sample and boil it till the volume is reduced to about 50 ml. Any bicarbonates
of calcium and magnesium present would be have now decomposed to
insoluble CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2. Filter and wash the precipitate with distilled
water, collecting filtrate and washings in a 250 ml volumetric flask and make it
up to 250 ml with distilled water. Titrate 50 ml of boiled water sample just as in
step (i) let volume of EDTA used be V3 ml.

Calculations

Step 1. (standardization of EDTA-solution)

50 ml of standard hard water = V1 ml of EDTA

V1 ml of EDTA = 50 mg of CaCO3

(Since 1 ml of standard water solution has 1 mg of CaCO3)

1 ml. Of EDTA = 50/V1 mg. of CaCO3 equivalent hardness

Step 2. (Determination of total hardness of water)

50 ml of hard water = V2 ml of EDTA

(before boiling)

V2 ml of EDTA = (50/V1)XV2 mg of CaCO3 equiv.

One litre of hard water = (50/V1)XV2X(1000/50) mg of CaCO3 equiv.

= (V2/V1X1000) mg of CaCO3 equiv.

= (V2/V1X1000) ppm
Step 3. (Determination of Permanent Hardness of water)

50 ml of hard water = V3 ml of EDTA

(after boiling)

= (V3/V1)X50 mg of CaCO3 equiv.

One litre of boiled water

= (50/V1)XV3X1000/50 mg of CaCO3 equiv.

= (V3/V1X1000) ppm

This is permanent hardness of water.

Since, Temporary Hardness = Total hardness – Permanent hardness

= 1000[V2/V1-V3/V1] ppm

= 1000(V2-V3/V1) ppm

Strength of EDTA

x ml of EDTA is required for = y ml of standard hard water

= y mg of CaCO3

Therefore,

1 ml of EDTA is required for = y/x mg of CaCO3

Temporary Hardness = Total Hardness – Permanent Hardness