Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
MaTeres
T ~aGii
Pedr1 MI
Ramór. 9 n e
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
Inglés C.A. D.
(Engiish as a Foreign Language)
Vol*1
D k ctor:
Pedro J. Marcos
Autores:
Asuncih A h
M@Antonid A~varer
Ma Jesús Botica&
Ma Teresa Cont~erm
M gTeresa Gibert
Pedro Marcos
Jb
Ram6n Sah1-0
Patriciu Traim
UNED
UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA (00031UD 1 lA01)
PICK IT UP! TOMO 1
O UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
DE EDUCACIÓNA DISTANCIA - Madrid, 1995
Librería UNED: C./ Bravo Munllo, 38.28015 Madrid
Tels.: 91 398 75 60173 73, e-Mail: libreria@adm.uned.es
O Asunción Alba, M.' Antonia Alvarez, M/ Jesús Boticario, M."Teresa Contreras, M." Teresa Gilbert, Pedro J. Marcos,
Ramón Sainero, Patricia Trainor
seguidc
-El
---alfabeto
--.----,
-.-rr-.-%-- --= %S
:-;
fonético internacional
-Lf
---% *;t---A=-f
(IPA)
- --
-L ------C.---; --.F --S----
M
-- = %--*5=4%%--5~----=*--====5-5*5-5T~%---+%% -
Los sonidos vociilicos del I@6s
~ + ~ ~ ~ c ~ u T ; # F s ~ ~ - A . =-=.sxsa-rzcrz=---s*%-s-
~ z r
Prólogo
En la elaboración de las Unidades que presentama para la ensef~uwala~endizaje del
inglts como lengua extranjera (EFL), se ha tenido en cuenta la necesidad ineludible de adap-
tarlas a la metodo1~'apropia de Ia enseñanza a distancia, una de cuyas aspiraciones es la de
lograr que el estudiante alcance un grado razonable de wmmmh e independencia, para que
sepa valerse por si mismo y pueda participar lo más activamente posible en sus propios proce-
sos de aprendizaje.
2. Secundario:
Capacitacidn del futuro universitario para que pueda tener acceso directo a fuentes
bibíiagrhficas escritas en lengua inglesa.
En inglés, las formas personales del verbo han de ir precedidas, explícitamente, del sujeto
(nombre, pronombre, etc.). En espahoi, en cambio, no es imprescinditrle, dado que las
formas verbales, por ser distintas para cada persona, indican claramente cuil es el sujeto.
(somos, sois, son, etc.)
El, She is Enghh, Es ingIesñ.
They are at home = Están en casa.
.I .
F. plenas EquivaIencias Pranunciaci6n Formas abreviadas
.
1 1 'm-- #aun/
YOU are [ E W S / & ~ ~ S you
Ae
she is she
--
---
e Observa que los equivalentes españoles de to be jwr y estar) suman 12 Pornms
verbñles distintas, mientras que en ifig[&ss6h son 3: am, is, are.
Am L..?
Are you...?
he...
b
1she...?
it,..
we...
Cars
Ej.
Unas flores
- - - - - - - -
rny /m*/- mi I
Ymr / j ~ ? ( r/ ) tu; su (de usted)
-
1
l
his I W I su (de 41)
lwr I h 3 : (r) su[& ella)
itsl . .- --- - ello) --.
su(de --
OUT /aue(r)j , - nuestm/a,
-.
nuestroclas
.-u-
Nuestro amigo
Ej. our b n d
Nuestra -a
Nuestros amigus
our fxiads
Wubstras amigas
is also a relative tIring, one dollar in New Ymk is noe the w n c as one dollar h
, Manuel Martfn, a teacher, says his parents are the richest peopIe in the world
their perwkn aves t h m more money than they n d .
about lave? The Beatles also say "Money can2 b q me loven and heir words are
e because aithough twnq can buy k s t eveqhing, the best thim m ke:
le, hedth, a m o h L lw, a beautiful hndscape, a good night's slep, the
and rhe s m . if gw have all &ese marvellous thhg which are free in
you also h e h e m- yoti need, caqptulations!
1
*-bu: posible '
k dwb vivir
hrrpas phaeptl: fclM
w & b /wf&iuth sin
h ¿ d /inldi:dl. en efrcto
WcuEt /'ddiHth diñcii
ip'hpsl:quizás, tal vez
do 1du:J: b
so /su/: s so
i,
mqvbe rizxerbkl: d vez, q u w
betw /kta(r)l: mejor
bt Ilatl, a h oJ: mucho need /akd/: necesitar
be- /br'Iw:zl: porsue w h Ihwotl:qué
toiaIly PtautaId: nb~iutamente a h t la'bautl: acerca de, wbre
m s m y harsarrl: a s a r i o can't /ka:nth no puede
b q /ba~/:comprar b y Ibíu/: coqw
thing /&g/ : cosa me /mi:l: me,a mi
atqdq /'~vrrdeI/: todos los dlas rvords h3:dzl: palabras
m m d t n g /a'kxdsg/: s e /m:/: v W C ~ ¿ ~ ( D )(S),
E~UP CfCrt0
nidiiúndre /rnlJja4i€a~r]/:milhunnrio nhhbugh I~:l'Oaul:aunque
&snlt I'drlzntl: {fócma negativa) m/kzn/;puede
give /gmh da (dar1 ~rlmbstlbhazrstl: rüsi
f~tppii~ess I 'R~p~nrsl:
felicidad ateqthing Pevn0qj: todo
a p i n h larfprnjsd: oplnidn best /bEst/: ( l a s h ) mejor{es) a
@ El verdadero amor *.
O a) lasts a short time.
O b) is necessary.
El c) is very usual.
¿Esel dinero.,.?
E3 a) everything h life.
b) unimportant.
O C) something b t all ~f us use.
F
tí;.
1 am at Lodon aiqmrt. The sky is dark ami tloudg. It is a wld evening.
The Bakrs are waiting- fbr me at gate number five. 1 am standing with rny
guitar at the c u s t m . SalIy is holding a notice with the words 'Welcome w
E n g W " writttn un it. She & rhe fust to see me. I meet & e 4 m d they atl p t
me very Kindlp. b Mr. h k e r dtives us aU home. 1 c m see m n y Engiish
buses a h g the road co bndan from the a-rt. They look very nice d
wn-hrtable. The Bakers live in South West bndsrz. It is begiming to rain.
This is England and sunny Spain is now far behind.
' 1
O Nociones clc graniatica i ~ ~ p l e a Amt-liaciim
d. 1
m-=--
- -
a) Verbos especiales:
l. Auxiliares (khue, de)
2. Modales (can, could, may, might, mwc, shaU, shouId, suiU, wowld,
ought to,need,
Salvo la 3' persona del singular, que mma una -a, las demás formas del
presente de tados los verbos ordinarim son iguales a la forrna.bw.
n
You're
Así pues, en dicha lengua, los nombres de cosas, ideas, conceptos, etc., no tienen
género amibuida.
4 Delante de las palabras becl, c h s , courr, cuUqy, church, hmiie, luisbiurl, niizrkcr,
prisrni, xhmb lriwrt, ui~iwrsity,cuando se refieren al edificio o al lugar:
Ej. Mrs. Baker is st the hospital to sce her friend hura.
Paul is at the mnrket to hy sorne barmas.
Nota: En vez de the EngIkh, the S@131, t t ~se, puede decir E d s h mde,
etc., en cuyo casa se omite el articulo.
Tambgn hay nombres de nadansillidad, en plural, que pueden, o no,ir
precedidos del articulo &e.
Ej. (The)Hwg& are very proud of their folklore.
me)Spuards like rnusic and dancing ven/ rnuch.
llere 18 no ,Place&e Home
r. Bakr comes h.
Mrs. Baker: The: kertle's boiling. It won't be long now. Sally, te11 rhe boys to come down
2 Vocabulario
h r h u f :inclharse
theacrically /e~iaetnlralr/:chíecmiente
s i r /S: (r)/: seííor
show ISaul: mostrar, espectciculo
b a t h m /'ba:erurnl: cuarto de bario
her /h3:(r}!: SU (de ella)
k i h rkttJ~n/:cocina
Iiini Ihrrnl: le, a CI
si& /sa~/:
suspirar spoarifui /'spu:nfui/: cucharada
ke& pkew caao el4crrico tenion /'leman/: lim6n
W /hi311/: heroir smu! Iskwnl: b I l i ~ o
nclw lnarrl: abra s m w b q /'stm:barr/: (de) fresa
weqm I'evrwanl:todos, todo tl mundo jam /@aem/:mermelada, confitura
tubk Itcfbll: mesa && /3J~k(a)lat/:chocolate
j&st Jfxst]:prirnero(a) cake Ikerkl: pastel
real /rwl/: auténtico(a) pancake f'pzegkerk/: tortita
m s t f m ~ t ldebes,
; tienes que fruit /fni:t/: (de) fruta
ny Itrnrl: prgbar bis& /'br~krtsl:galletas
W u s ld1'1rJasf: apetitoso, rico c d /kuU: minero(a)
s m I m l :un poco, algo md rtaustrd/: tosradu(a)
but /b~tl:pero buter rbnta(r)/: mantequilla
p k / p l i por~ favor hmq I'hnnrl: miel
milk f m~lk/:leche iikc /lruk/:gustar
ugh f3:hl: ipufi dwtrys I'3:lwerzl: siempre
mgar I'uqa(r)l: azí~car get /getl: conseguir
e i t h f ' a U a (r)/: tampoco such Isaqf: tan
four /fx(r)l: cuatro food /fu:d/:comida
} are =hay
ir: C
Zndica !a$ v e m que aparecen'lm*nidos /k/,M,/el en cada h a . > .
.:
;' -
-,
':,-:-;
..M_ .
m;.-..-,..--
:. :: ;---;
,-c..
:beg
.:::;
:.<-{-b-y:2;<+j
><2+:~?;
- ,-.
"
-
- .
N
-
. .
1 ;:<+s35;2::;$
.
-
peg..
:!;;:;;;g@;i:?;:!; ::
-. , . <.
... Jk .,
..;*,; .-;,;
-..: L.-
.:-.*<.<:-...:*.,:---
. , ,
-:;,:.;
.
'C-: ,
:::$:&!,
, -. .
..- - ?.::S-::>
;:-.:-;;;
... >
miss
--- .&--- - ,- :<--: .::,.> ,,
m--. ,
- - . -: -, ,.:::<
..;:;
:,-.:,.;2
:-: .:.;F;.
bt ..>:g:;:,.:::.
...F%@c
iest
.
--
,.
::,;., .?
.:..z.;-<.-fe... .. :;.: +:-.=:>,;
.:.:+.2 -
.. ,
,
;
. , ,, . ,, - ..,:-
-
.
. ..
wfR- when
.,
.
,
.
. .. .
:&;,:!,\:.-
- ,. . ... . .- .
, y ; +, ,
",,
.,, -
.- +
w-.;;.-'
" . .
,
;A
.
A (m).El uso de una u otra forma depende de la pronunciacibii de la
palabra que Ie sigue. Se pronuncia:
- Cuando la primera sflaba de una palabra que comienza por hache iici
lleva el acento de intensidad, a veces se usa la forma an:
Ej.Alanhistoricalbiiildingla(an) hr'storrkal 'bdd~r~/,alan
hotel /a(an) hav 'te11
Some / s A ~ tiene
/ varios usos; uno de ellas es el de servir de plural del
artfcub indc£inidua (an).
Ej. Sally has some flowers in her bedroom.
There are some oranges nn t11e table. I
I verbo "ti> h;
WI
Presente del verbo to hve =
(u:
S = sujeta; V = verbo)
Ej. Sally has a German friend. SaUy tiene u11 amigo alenh.
Paul has a new matorbike. = PauI tiene una moto nueva,
Have I?
Have you!
we
Ej. Have you a guest?= ¿Timesun invitado?
Have you got a mountain bike?= iTienes bici de montah?
Las formas conaactas son el resultado de unir la particda not con la foma verbal:
she has not = she hasn't,
E She b n ' t had a happy Iife.
Se usan preferentemente en la lengua hablada.
Con ellas, la secuencia verbal se reduce en una daba.
La forma negativa dispone, además, de un paradigma de formas abreviadas.
Las llamadas forn~asabreviadas son el resulmd~de sustituir parte de la forma
verbal por un apóstrofe r).
She's = she (ha)$.
Ej. They've returned homi
She's got a le tter from her parents.
Ej, Give me that book, please. = Dame ese libro, por favor.
Paul is with them now. Pablo está con ellos ahora,
Segth esto, podría decirse que la rril;a tikica del genero en ing1Cs es la siguiente:
- Son masculinos los nombres que designan honibres y seres
masculinos: boy, muchacho; brother, hermano; fdther, padre, etc.
- Son femeninos los nombres que designan mujeres y seres femeninos:
girl, muchacha; sisler; hermana; motizer, madre, etc.
- Son neutros, en principio, los nombres que designan animales y
cosas: dog, perro; bird, p9jaro; Iiorse, caballo; floewr, flor; C Mnube;
,
dow, puerta; rom, habitacidn, etc.
1
La regla general para la formaci6n del plural de los t i d t e s ingleses com'
&adir una 'S' al singular: mm, '~m; m T o s a ; fiower, fhum~t;baok,hh.
Algunos nombres se alteran al tomar la marca del plural.
Por las razones antes apuntadas las dos primeras ('S) y (') son típicas c
lengua inglesa; la tercera (cif) es la que se corresponde mn el español.
Rguerda que la nocibn de '3wsi6nndebe tQmas,rzaquí en sentido amp
le
%a:
or
1
b:&ni&tn
. , las siguientes preguntas: . -
bs b the kitchen near the r m ? .............. Y~t..if+
.!E.................
la Are there Ave roams on the grourid floor? ...................................
' k there a ki&n on the p u n d floor? -.... ..............
Are &re th- ~~
m &e fitist: floor? .....-...............
Is &re a garage m the ground floor? ..
Where is the ba-? ..........................................
1s .Se cloaltroamnear the hall? ....... ...*.&.................................
1s the dining room on the first flm? .............)-...-............. .............
And where is the aitting room? ..........L-..-......................
:la
ba
UNlT 2
L
.- -..-.
1
-:--:
Complem Las siguigres deiePdan&con lb$datos de . -.: =
-:
ie + two
:n + twc) =
n + one =
UNrT 2 i
1o Rellena los espacios punteados wn tias,haue,is o me, y los nafilm que correspondan
Mr and Mrs Baker ...............children. They ...........,.... son and ........ daughter.
Paul ................ sister and Sally ,............,.,brother, They ................ parents,
Mr Baker ........ man arid Mrs Baker ....... a woman, They ........ Paul and Saliy's
a
parents.
Paul ........a boy and Sally ........ a girl. They ........Mr and Mrs Baker's children.
Escucha la cinta dos veces:
i, La primera3siguiendo $ texto,
i i La segunda, sin e1 tara delante,
imagine h e number of times a &y people say M hear as aeed '%aven?In the
you have a shower. If you don't have a shower, you have a bath. Aíttrwards
breakfast and take the train to work. ?fyou don't have a seat, ym,~have t~
-'
paper.
e=&%<
have 9 S w a p e r , you read ir, but if you haven't, you have a
ur'sP The problem is that, just when gau are hereste$, he t u m
and you haven't time to find out th@ end of the story,
n has a brea* you have to think of lors ofthmgs to pars away the time:
that man got his har on his head and his hmd tn his +el! Why has
a serious face? Why is this 1994, why not 1440 or 1550 ot 2525?
* /'ne~ba(r)l:
but /b~t/:pero
ndghhr
Iglmipsl: (d@reojo)
vecino
h g Ilorjl: l a d a ) (S)
f& rfmalrl: por último, finalmente
k h 1LuiII:comida, alnuerzh
tiaw Pp1pa(r)l: m* bt.eak /bre~k/:descamu, inrernipciiln
plicrMem I'pmblaml:problema, cuesMn aguin la'gen,a'gernl:otra vez
rhm Itiztl: que euenng f i-1: d e
jwt /@~t/: justa, precisamente finirh IYuzIJI: terminar
when h m / :cuando Far~gnl:eníadado
interested /'~nt rastrdl: interesada dInimarnd/: recordar
tum nver Iba 'awa(r)l:p a r In p&tm mtch /k$/: tamai
p q e Ipercgl: pA&a dinm l'dina (r)/:c W
end I~ndl: fin,final watch /waf/: ver (hT.V.)
stmy I S ~ m lrelato,
: historia favaec~iteI ' f e r v ~ ~favorito,
tl: preferido
breakdou*i bre~kdaunl:avería p r o p n m rpraugraeml: progtatnti
thmk I0rgkl: pensar fmm lfmml: de, desde
why Ihwarl: por que aftet. [a:fta(r), 'aefta(r)/: despub de
has got /h&z '90th tiene, meva puesta) Mmdl:cama
hnt lhaitl: sombrero q h n a r e fiar trn~a(r)/:pesadilla
hEad fhdl:cabeza
I
Si el tren tiene una avería, ten quC piensa para pasu el tiempo!
F Ei a) He rhinks ofone thing only.
b) He thinksof Elizabeth L
O C) He thinks of many thmgs.
0 iQu6 suele hacer el narrador del texto cuando el aen Uega a su b
O a} He dways has a drink in the cafe next to Central Station,
b) He always has a cup of coffee in the cafe next to Victoria Station.
O c) He usually has a cup of c d e e in the cafe next to Central Station,
1
1
b @ !Que le -m czt la oñcixm?
Ua)Thed~twltha*l~m$orh
D b) H b e e m m y ñpfth a b d o f f l w e r s .
e) His lmss Mth ahng fwe.
F
l ~ d @ b & ~ t e * l + H +........
l * .*.*.,:. . hhaying
.................... ......
- Participio M.,.. , : had
4 El verbo to have puede realizar funciones de:
A) Amiliar, para la forma& de los tiempos perfectos de todos los
veh.
dimiex at 7.
*Paw,what do y ~ usuaily
u havt pt for breaht?
*S* didn't have got a $aod at the M,
Notas:
1. Un buen número de palabras con igual terminación ( -f
- -
a -fe) siguen la regla general
Ej. -
scarf xarfs / scawes; staff
wharf II.+ wharfs / wharves,
staffs / /ves;
rnagneto magnetos.
Ej. -
bambm 14bamboos; cuckm *
-
2, Cuando lo -o final va precedida de vocal:
radio radios; studio studws;
portfoiio IW pmfolias,etc,
3-
C
4. Nombres que designan objetos emparejados, tales como: shom, trousers,
punts, jeans, jyjamas, g i m e s , scissm, b i m h r s , etc.
ca No tienen más forma que la del plural.
ig El verbo debe ir en plural.
Ej. Hisglassesa~broken.
$mhem es la forma que se mwrrienremenw, BreJrrea> por el con- tiene iui uso muy restringida
~mks ,
que.en singular ~I@%xt & ~ , adquiere otros sigdf~cacioscuando se usa en plural.
5. Algunos nombres, a pesar de tener la marca del plural, se construyen con el
verbo en singular. Tales son, entlre otros: m$, politb, economics, m k s ,
athletics, mathematics, etc.
Ej. The newc is at three o'clock on'TVE'.
EconMnia is nor an easy subject.
-
6. People, penny .
Peopk, arinque tiene forma singular, se construye con el verbo en
pluraL:
E Many pe~pleare se1fiih.
. Pretkito im~eTfeCt0: yo
PretMto indefinido: y,
1 worked =
< Yo trabajaba
Yo trabajé
Al igual que el presente ingIés, el pretérito es una foma no marcada, es decir que
sirve únicamente para expresar una sola noción temporal, la del pasado.
Generalmente va acompañado de un adeierbio de ti*, de iina e x ~ e s i temporal
h
o de un coniata que indica la conveniencia de su empleo.
Ej, Mrs. Baker went to Italy yestcrrI~ty.
She returneti to Italp u) qaid tlti' 4ucrkcid ~hcie.
Es d tiempo verbal que se usa preferentemente para narrar, desrribir o c m ~ r
!=cesos.
a:*-;&+A;&lf"+
' '- ,,'.> A$,,, ?
.,
, > ,
T d a y , more ancl more pe& are concerned a b ut &e envbmnent than some
years ago. Even bwinessa are aware that it makes ssse far them tc, k ecolagical, that
is why they &en wrire a note m breaErfast ctreais qaying, "this box has k n made
frsm recycled paper,*>and thre are also msmetic h l s w k b $ay, "our products have
no^ been teste¿ m animds," m tuna h h tim which te11 us thac "no dalphins have btcn
c~ughtin out net-5."B~icinessesdo this because they know that more people will buy
their praducts when they riad that infonímtion.
Vocabulario
~ o m bisr propios 11
-
1
June Iae~nl:nombre iriglls
Los sonidos del inglés
m
Descripción artichtmia
f -:/o/ 1
. /a:/ Id
Y
Jane: The telephone was ringing when 1 ..........(arrive) hame rhis afternoon.
Paul: Yes?And who was calling?
Jane: Oh, that Spanish girl from Seville who was s t u k English and .......... (visit)
us some time ago.
Paul: And when .........she ............(come) ? 1 can't remember her.
Jane: No?She .......,..(come) two weeks ago; she ..........(have) two brothers.
Paul: Qh, yes! And what .........she ..........(wmt)?
Jane: She ..........(te0 me that she was coming to visit us on Thursday. Whnt do
you suggesr to entertain her?
PauI: 1 don't know. How well .........she .......*.. (knoeu) England?
Jane: Hmm..., not very well. When she (be) here she only .......... (gol
........m, to
Oxford.
Paul: Then, we can go to Cambridge. 1 ..........(bar) that she .......... (like) Oxford
very much.
Jane: That's fine, But ..........yau ..,,..,,,.(hear) the telephone?
Paul: No, I'm sorry.
Jane: Oh! 1 ..........(think) it was ringing again.
Sugw carie @m be6t in ..........
(1) c o u n m where there is plenty of raia. The
~ a nIst p h t e d by cuctinp a .........
42) pie= mmi an ..........
(3) plant and putting it.into
the ground, h the ...,..,..-(4) gmund, the cane g r m s quickly and in ahut m e yema
when it is more &m &re metres ....... ,..(5) , &e plant is ..........(6)for cutting*
The men who cut &e mgar cane use vcry ..........(7) knives and &e Gane is -wr
clase to the ground. The leves are cnit off and the ..........(8) stern is cut h t o p k w
about 15 me- .......... .
(9) Those p i e w of q a r cane are gur on Iorries or arts and
taken to a ..........(10) factory,
In the facíory, &e cane is pur h u g h ......+...(11) rollers which squeeze out
juice into ..........(12) tanks. The hice, a q m as~it.h often cakd, ia boiled and rhis
tu- the water into m a m lea* behind ......,...(13) 3)ps of ..........
(14) sugar, Which
is bwiled again and then cleaned. 'l"his t&e away the ..........(15) colour making the
sugar ......,,.+(16j,
@ Audición v escritura Q
Some dealers b e al1 W s d goods side by side, while others spedafize in une
particular h d of itm- Far tixample, mme only se11 silver. They offer you silver
candlest icks, silver phato h m e s , silver letter openexs, siIver cigarette cases and Iigh~ers
and, oE course, sílvw curlery. Manp of thwe are ffQm &e Victarian perid. Others oaIy
se11 china. Thm usually have tea sets which are d e up of siar cup and saucers, six
side plates, a mpt, a mil k jug and a sugar b w l . Other dealers oniy seli clocks and
watches. They usually have a great vwiety úf these, for instante, gradfather clo&s,
r d l clocks or the typical k d of c10ck you find on mantelpieces.
If y4u are lmking fór fudture you have ta go into the shaps on thee streets.
There p u can find mahogany tables and c h , chesw ~f drawers or wardrclbes. Even if
you have come to Portobello Rmd market just to Imk at beauciful old tlun$s, it's
difficult to leave he place wirhout buying somatbiog.
Po~tobe?!ub eel /p:ta(u)'b~lauraudl pluoro /'fautau/: foto
wherwer /*ivrar'~va( ~ ) doi~dequiera
l: que frdme Ifrerml: marca
gfi Igaul: ir ktm I'kta(r) /: carta, letra
Bdrnhi /brrtla)n/: Grail Eetafia ofiener I'aup(a)na(r)/:abridor
aniiqtces /zn'ti:ks/: anttgiied2des ctgarette cdse /stgal=t ,ke~s/:
pitillera
&E / s W ; venta lighte~rlarta(r) /: encendedor
mosr /maust/: lo(aj m5s ofcourse I.Dv1k3as/:desde liie,-o, POT
mrket /ha:krt/: mercado supuesto
Wan /'budan/: Londres clulerv /'htlan/:cubiertos
ePrev /'EVIIJ: cada, rdos (as) Victorinti /v~k't~:r~anl:
vicruriano
Saturday /'sztadaI/: s4bado pliod J'prarradl:periodo
d d e r /'di:la{r)/: comerciante cliirid /'ifa~na/:porcel.ana china
fill If~ll:IIenar tea set I'ti: SE^/: juego de t&
1: prúxho,
s u w o d i g Isa'raundrr~ which /hwfPI:que
circundante mude up b e r d ,np/: formado(s)por
sEreet Istri:t/;calle slx Isrksl: seis
-Can 1s p k to Jane,pkase?
-Hello, Sally, this is Jane s p m h g .
-Oh, Jane,our Spanish st&m mived yesrerday evenhg.
-1'd like to meet hiin.
-Al1 right! I'rn t a b g kun ro PonobeiIo ñoad on Sunday moming. Join us,
Jane.I'ií d u c e hto you.
-Thank you, S*, for inviting me. J'ii c m e Psith you. Partobello Road is the
right place to visit one of rhe mmt famous rnrique:m a r h in Landon.
-Paco &es antiques very much. He is e s p i ~ t l yinteresbed h grandfather
cl~cks~ wall clwks and the typical kind of dock you And Qn mante5pkw.
-1'm swe he ~ i l &o l enfoy having a l& ar silver candlestich, silver
ciprette cases and lighters and, of coutse, silver cutlery. m
-Thank you for coPning along wídi. m, I cm't wait for Sunday marning! Byel
En hgks se utiliza Xa coma en vez del punto para,dividir 1% tb6nxefm de tres
en ms tfia,
Ej.
m Fechas:
m N6meros de teléfono:
Ej. Sandra has written ~ilnaeighteen pages of her essay for Prof
Priestley- (Quizfis entre 15 y ZO p8ginas).
Miirray's got ~~_ruzih$64 on hin~.(Ni uno más,ni uno menos).
Paiil has had bis motor-bikt inw (rrw>i.i h i i ) &lee years. (Quizá:
cuatro o cinco).
Ej. Don'tklate.
h n ' t sBak to me iike hat.
Don't m your hands on me.
Don't do h t again!
Dontt m.
Don'r shout.
m Forma enfática:
E Po k quiet, little b y .
Do ell me the mth+
Do hpve a cup of tea with us.
=Forma rsegqdva:
Pwt1: ~~mp~ndherewwtstobuys3~~'.s.u&
$bpmimt:
-y, Sir?b m m y a h h dyiratr
Chop assistant: Yes, 1think t h is pour size. It's not tou long in the sleeve and it's not
tal right.
bnck /hW:
meco, welta ~IwpC I S J ~ ~ IrJnp
L aj~stantl:dependiente(a)
heaAmr~wrhdm:sta(r) 1: dwctor mainly I'sxtanlrl:desde luego, por s u p u ~ ~
u r i i f m fjuT&:m/: uniforme shirt /J3: t /: camisa ...
hrge / i ~ q gran,
b grande n q i w Iri'kwarafr)l: necesitar
d e p a m sm fdr'pamant,stcc{r)l: W W e /sa'paud:supongo, suponer
d e sb c e n e s thw /@i:/: tres '
c a h Pkala (r)/: cuelo de camisa measui.e I'mep(r)/:medir
....
O Fonetica
Q~MQ:Eadtica
.
Lk de rqetici6n. ~epgtcIaa paEab, empwejab que,a3jaecek
n
--
. -- .. .... '
/DI : - /3:! ." +
shot '
- - short
!Rmk '-&A.
m mm
'
SFíran -
pot-.- -. P*
.'2&#Jg-+-F7
: mrk -
7
don - dawn
A-&
qt
:7:
(h 1 @ Rellena los espacios a e a d o s del siguieuwte diálogo c m estas p~posiciones
2mgz g-.~::#;
BC&laJm6!9y634&laUniJad29 ijFiss
Oh, certainly. But, pleast, bten to the spenker. He siid that your ~ o a c
a5ready *,,.......(9) platforrn nurnber h e ,
n d n k you ve* much.G d - b e , then.
You're welcorne. Gcrod-bye;
(h 1 Empareja las palabras &n loa &idtosque a&& ss.4 @&ido y fo&a su plkal:
1
Escnbe las formas verbales completas de esras frases que indican las siguientes
funciones:
People &e giving advice and onc of the f o m we prefer to use tn do this is to
give otirseIves as an examP1t:
-'Tf I were you, 1 would paint t b m m petri."
-"If 1 WeR you, 1 would keep niy hair short"
-"If 1w e e ~ O U 1, wouldn't go rhere at this time ofthe ytar."
" I f 1 were yau, 1 would take an umbrella:'
-'If 1were you, 1w d d be at the airpon twu hours before departure time."
Expressions like hese are veq ciimmon and are &en osed just t~ keep wnvemtion
going or to be pdite; and people urually eccept diese comments or pieces of &ice as.
normal, but they raroly take the actual advice.
'Hawever, when p p l e use this wayuf giving advice to refer to more serious or
peitsonal affairs, reachans may be difkrenc:
-"VI were y w , 1 wouM have nathmg to do with tbat girl."
-"If 1wre yuu, 1wouldn't m a ~ him."y
In hese cases, unlera p u have a clme personal relatbnship with die other persm, t11e
advice may be unwe1cunie and indeeh-y react to it in a hostile way-
So the nut rime you S % u t to say, "If 1were you," just stop for a mowat
and think, %ut he or she im't me, and if they were m maybe they wouId keep quict
on this mcasion."
fm/fs:m/: fotm advice ladtrarsl: consejo
oumelves laua'sdvzl:n w t m rnh-110~ Imwev~r/hau'svs(r)l:sui einhtrgo
w m b ( r ) l : fuese 1fuera r e f ~/rflx(r) 1: referirse
w k d fHBint IWvd 'pmntl:pintarla
green 1gri:nl: verde
perstnuíl /'ps:s (a) nali: personal
affair /blfEa(r)1: asunto
i
keej /ki:p/: dejar r e m h /'r~'ipkJn/:reacribn
huir /h~a(r)/: pelo may /mal: puede (n)
umhe1.h / m ' b r ~ I a / :parNuas Sifjmt /'drf rantl: diereiite,&tinto
hoarr laua(r)l; hora noohing /'mQrg/:
nada
departllri: /drlpa:fa(r)/: salida mawy tmaenl: -ame
expwsion / E k 1 s p ~expresión
l: unha fan'lesl: a menos que
m i o h /'kriman/:corriente c k /kia~s/:estrecha. íntima
~ ~ ~ u a ~ ~ l k n n v aconversacidn
'se~~nl: wlfstion /nlle~fn/:
relaci6n
a p t /aklsrptl:aceptar u
- /m'w&lkarnl:
molestu,
cmmmt rk~mentl:crimentnrio inoportuno, no bienven ida
p k e Ipi:s/: txozo react Irihktl: reaccionar
a j l ~ vavl:
, de Iiostile c?~starI/:hatil
nomial /h:mall: normal st@ /stop/: parar, parada.
rore$ /'realr/: raranienre occasion la1kew/:owidn, circunstmcin
a c d rokq~ail:verdadero, real
1
kge , .
: ; { - ;:,.:j:,:,.
,$Plspb
, ,.:
;;:; ; ,
:::,,:,,
q& ogja;
,,!,
,
-1 ; ;:.; lp;-v*:,:
..... .. -.
,
, ,,,, ,
,, , .
:[!,
.,.!'..,.
..,.
,,,., , , .,
q.
,!. ; ! ;
- . , >
,,,.
T . , . ,
,
, ,. ,
a > ,.. -.
,, ,....
,. , .- .
- ,
, - - , , ,
.. , , , , ,,,.,,.......,.,...,.-
@ ¿Quées Io primero que debe hacerse antes de decir "If 1 were you"?
ii a) stop for a moment and think about the other's point of view
El b) read a book on polite manners.
O c) sit down and wtite a letter on your persona1 opinions.
-Whaí wdl happen if X drop this &S?
-If p drop that a
s it will break.
-What would hrippen if 1drank half a battle of whisky?
-1n d probabdity, you w d d get d r d .
-Tbese are not big ps~Memsaftet au,
-Of course not, but let me te11 lfau a story about what ptopie $hou]dnot do.
A country maid who was wa&ing one &y with a pail of milk on her
head, was wondeLing, "if 1se11 rhis A, 1sMl he abk to buy more eggs, Those
eggs wiil produce at least m hundred d fiky chickens. 1shalI be able to se11
them at CIhristmas at a good price. Wuh h t money 1 can buy a new dres, h
this dress, 1shd ga to &e hir where a11 &e young hum8 4 1 want ta dance
with me, but T will re& them all," Being tso cohfiden~she carehly 4
her head, and dmn carne the pail of m i l B with ~ di~her dreagis.
Compara:
A w l merchanr , con a wlh cardigan
(un trafican& de lanas) con (un jersey hecho de lana)
A wood fire cun acuooderi box
(Un fuego de leña) con (una caja hecha de madera)
[hate my brother! He's the meanest person 1 know! He's allowed tci sray
out Iate and 1 have to be home at 11 o'clock. He has his raclio on full
volume. and nobody says anYthiiigto-hirn, He hasn't got any spots on his
chin and 1 have got three. lt's not fair!
Tliere, there. Dry your eyes. A pretcy girl Iike you should not cny. Come an,
I'11 buy you an ice-cre~iin.
Thank goodness there are stiii srinie 'gentlemen' Ieft in j&world! I'd love
an ice-cream. Thank yau, Paco.
a Vocabulario
EJI /hl/:tnaximo
w k Ik1ju:rnf: volumcn
spors Ispotsl: mnnchas, lunares
J'naubadrl:nadie
&! chin /'#n/:barbilla
d q Idrarl: secnr
iremiesr /'mi:nrstl: ti (la) qes /m/: ujus
o'ch-k la'khw cn punto hretty rpnhl:bohico(a) (a)
d u I're~draul:
radio ice-ncdm /,arslkri:m/:I-ieIdo
Mmd ymr own h s 1,rnamdjxraün bmsl: Metete en tus asuntos
W h ' s thmmter?f,mtsUa 'maeta(r)l: IQu6 pasa1
what's ohe mattcr urbh you? /,wotslia "mata mi5 ju:/: lquC te sucede1
.
b e are ,., left /,kar a: ,,, 'leftl:quedan ,.
h e , h e rbea Pea (r)1: vaya, vaya
W g d n m .,, 1,Oet~k'g~driIs/:Gracias a Dios que ...
Vcrhr - -- -- -- --larticula
.-
1 O Repite las palabras del recuadro y presta aímci6n al d d o &&!m >"y "
/&, 1
1e Subraya las palabras que llevhn el sonido voAlico /U:/, ;qnu m food, en 1asI
I simientes oraciones: 1
Excepciones a a t a h a regla.
: ) . ~ I ~ * ~ h . ; .~ ,i- - ~ ~ i m I * : i * ~ >...::::;;;
lw- . Y . . . . , : . i . ~;,.;i.;:, ~ ; ~ ~
.
, , ,>; ;; u,, A
. ,- ,.
.. >.,.
. . . ,.. ..... . .. . . . . .
>,.,
... : . .
-
d e r +o pro*+ +heir C=hildrenf w m dariger, now rsr iii +hefw+mre, T h e is ~ no single
-son why kcnage* +alcedvugs, Mas+ y o ~ n g s + e r sp ~ b a b l yst.ad simplr fvom
mariosity, or because their fbisvids are doirig it, Ofhers Iike takiuig riskc, 5dme »1ay
dce dw9s b e m ~ ~ s+heye are bored, or because fhey a* depressedj ~ i a r r i e dor
ntful abm+ i+i~ family, ssch-l or work problems,
Escucha la cinta dos veces:
i. La primera, siguiendoel texto,
ii La -da, sin el texto delante,
Margaret Butcher, chief officer of the New York Police Fwce has a big
on tke walI oh her of"fice.The poster simply has six m r d s in huge print: what
w h w , haw, why, who. When members of her ctaff come to her with
probtms and no clues, she simply picks up a long stick and paints to the poste
mdny b e s da 1 have ro te11you?Don't come intb my office unfil you have the
to some, iínot to al1 of these questions. 'What' teUs us abaux ehe mture of tb
'when' and 'where' te11 us the time and place, 'how' telh us abaut the means,
gives us rhe motive and 'who' tells us a b u t the people iri.etalved.In other wards,
six questions give us 90% of the solution to ciny poli~equescton."
0 i Q ~ informacidn
e nos proporciona la palabra 'how?
a) it tells us many things abuc the people involved
O b) it gives us infomtion about the meam employed.
U C) it tels usabaut the members of Margaret Butcher's staff*
i@~piensahacerMrs,~ersilos~m~unaIecd~tan~d?
O a) send rhem hack m Hi SChool.
U b) pick up a long stick and point w the poster.
ii c) dkmiss thern from their mrt
The words 'what,' 'when,' 'whrele: 'bw'and 'why' are mmt hpareant
to the Chief m e r of the New York Bdce Force. 'What' te& m a h u t &e
nature of the event, 'when' and 'where' teIi us the time and place, C
hd telk us
about &e means, 'why' @ves us &e motive and 'who' teils us aboue tXze pmple
involved.
A pcsliceman's duty is to pamI the c&ee"ts, to h u r e tiafety conditions
within a city, suburb, or smalI town. An &cer patrols a @ven area d looks
f0r anyane who threatens tht safety of the neighbombd. If someone is in
danger, the paliceman wiü act quickly using his skI1Es.
Nowadays &e pIicemen w ho are on duty risk their hves nearly every
day. In some countries they risk ir. even when they are off dury. A pdicemm's
Iife is hard indeed.
+ yt se coloca:
- en pici6n f i a d en las oraciones interrogativas y en las
negativas:
Ej. Have you seen my new car yct ? -No, not yet,
1 haven't seen the Ryans' bungalow yet,
- en a b n a s expresiones petrificadas:
..t. Ej. a doctor's degree a farmer's d e
+.
=
=_
a lady's maid a cat's paw
O Diálogo
m
Paco: Ha! ha! Just like Spain! After a good lunch, there's norhing Iike a siesta!
,
.
111
- - . - -
stni,ll /t;>smc1I
- . - - - -.
1 s ~ ~ I I , I Isiiulb
, ---
- -
isrne1s.i
.- L.jsmd t/
-
-.
ji~icli
-.. - .. ..
! .iiirt,lr
-. -
Isincl t /: oler
- - -a-
1
to ent /tu i:tl 1 ent, eots /i:ts/
rn fall Ita f ~ l/ 1 fidl, JdIs /f3:1~/
-- --
h g ~ Hay z un leve conmcts del gpice de la lengua con la cara interior de
las encías de h iricjsivm infdoresOEl d o a está bajo y el pm&rw en
pasicibn wmd,
semiab abierta.
Imbios:abiertosy disten&,
No deben redo-.
h g W t * e s m v d h e (shortpurevmel).
Su mpmentaci6n &fh puede verwqn el siguiente diagrama:
@ Puntos de gamatiea L
he,
rt
it:
we, you, they
had /hEd/ , /ha&
hablaleenfa, a ~ s .
habíh/t&nfa
habíamos/ reníamasr.etc.
I
'i
Ej. She b d two broflhea~and m e sister.
Payl hsd a bnd cold 1st mnrh,
He ha4 a &i:k with him when rhe dtgamgcked km,
N6ase que frente a la forma única del pretkrito "had", los equivalentes
españoles suman 22 formas distintas.
1!
you?
he, she, itl I hadn't
Had
we?
had nor /'imdntl
you?
they?
Ej. Hwkindofyoutocarnealongwithus!
Hwu interesting!
H m good of you to loak after my children!
1. Qn25rhI)ecemberweceIebrate ....................................
....,.....................
2.. 011 Chhtmas Eve night we begin with ................................ ..........
3. Until the Feast ofthe Thee Kings we .................................................
4. On 6th Januarywe comemorate .................................. .........................
5 . O n C b t m a s Day we have .....................................................................
6. On Christmas Day we eat........................................................................
7. On Christrnas Day for dessert there is .....h...........,........... ..............
8, On Chrismas Day we finish lunch with................m....................,........
9. At the end we also have ........................................................................
10. After lunch the grown-ups ............................... .
.. ...
1 @ Forma oraciones con una hase de cada grupo, para indicar activ&&es fumm
I
I .:-..
.=.,?.?:-,-- -.-
.-,.-S-
, - y - - . --7. .
1
6 Rellena los e s p a c & : , G & : . G o D n s ~ - f o e~erbdes,~ue
. .., .
expresen
. .- .- .
Year &er year there are thousands of p q l e in Madrid's Puprta del Sol cin rhe
3 1' of Decemkr to celebrate the end pf t1ie ald year and the beginning of the nw. As
rnidnqht approachea, c m d s of enthusiastic Spniards begin to gather in rhis ~ I R G ~ .
They wear scarvea md overcoats because of the cold and t . bring botrlw af
champagne and a bmch i d melve grapcs to keep time with each chime fmrn the be11
of the big clock in the square. The Pwm del Sol is unique m nights like this. So rnany
people together -no friend and fm division as in sports comptiticiw with one single
jdea ui rnind: to have a great time; The occasion is cxcepriotial: &e uid year gces out
and &e new year comes in only once a y&. Children are hiappy because rhere is no
s&m1 at this time and there are alsa Iots of wys. Family members carne fmm different
phca tu be together for the celebratiom,
If this ic the case every year, picture he scene on the 31' af k r n b e r 1999,
Therc h an aír of magic in the year 2,000 i ~ l f Imagine,
. not only is %e a chanjge of
year, but thae is also a change of cenrury and dlennium, al1 in a split s ~ o n dJust ,
l
thinla how the very figures change: oae nine nine nine bewme two noughz naught
nought or two zero zero zem, or 20 00, if you aicti. In English we are so used to s a y a
nimeen mmeching tka t ro say two thousand is quite a shock or, I wondet, as che year.s
go on, will pcopk $ay ~ W Q thousand or twenty &is m d t h t ? In any case, when that al1
happens, the place m be; is the P m &Iel Sol. "Ste you t k , "
Yema@ ym Pjmr a:fta 'jm(r)/: BAD m a1í0 come #i / , b n']n/:entrar
ih& /dr1s~rnba(r) l: diciembre í q Itxl:juguete
lqmmg /b~'glnlg /: comienzo, empezar fdmily rfi9m1W:familia
midMght / inrdnaitl: medianoche crbb r a h /,sel~ brersnl: celebtacibn
~ l p # m m la'prautfl:
h acerenrse pictwe fp~k$a(r)/:imaginar
mthusiastk /rn,8ju:u1ashk/:entusiasta s c m /sirn/: escena
Sganiard I'spnjadl:espfioI air /€a(r)/: aire
gather Itg&a(r)l: reuniw mqpc I'mae@lrl: magia
scaif /ska:f/: bufanda iueIf/a'sElf/: ello mismo
wmoat I'awakautl: abriga c h g e / ge~nw:
cambio
cold Ikauldl: frío cent~ryrs~nqanl:sdo
h qIbrrqI: traer
millmnium /mr'len~aml:
miIenio
champqne /~mn'peznl:chmphn
in a spiit secmdjrn a ,splrt 'sdcandl:en un
bunch /b~ntJl:racimo
abrir y c m r de ajas, en un instante
grajx /gre~pl:uva j?gm /'frga(r)l: cifra, número
chime /garml: campanada become lb- Uegar a ser, c a n v e en
beII h l b campana no* /m:tl: cero
sqwre /skma(r)l: plaza zera I'zraraul: cero
unique /ju:'ni:W: Cinico wish /wI$/: desear
tqet)ier Itatgebe(r)/:juntm be used to /bi; 'j u:st ta (tu:)/:estar
foe /bu/: enemigo acmmbrado a
dpiision Id~kml: divisibn someth#rg rmerql: algo
spmt / s p ~ t / deporte
: quite /'kwa~tl:compIetamente(todo un...)
mn@tition /,kornpr'trJnl:comperición shock /Ji3k/: canmoción
sin,& Psyglb wloIa, 6rdmla &p. /kmda (r)1: preguntarse uno
m#id Imarndl: mente go on /,gau Ion/;continuar
exc& /drtqJanl/: excepcional hapm I'hapnl:ocurrir, suceder.
go ouí /,gau 'autl:salir
F v Por derivacih
W A partir de un nombre, aiiadriSnd01e un sufijo:
. .
e A partir de un adjetivo, afiadiilndole un prefijo:
1 honest . -- dishonesr
~ P P Y un- iinhappy
active
--- in- -
.........---.-.. inac tive
-.....-.".--M
-
5!
3
o
>
UNIT 10
O Repite las patabras del recua& y presta itmcidri' al sonido v & b " l 3 : / .
I
l. I prefer the purple skirt that she bought in Birrningharn.
2. Earnest rold me that the third murder had occurred in November.
3. "1don't like Gertrude's fur coar," murmured the manservant,
4. Bernard had eamed several amateur prizes by writing. aicticies for the journal.
5 Thae was great rnkxh in the Earl's castle a frer the birth of his fifi t son.
6. Thc bird flew over the curb when it heard the cat purr.
7. The nurse said there were mny gerins in the wcll's dirty water.
8. After rhe Iong journey, Unuln's father was thirsty,
9 When I heard the house was buming, 1 urged her to hurry.
10. The colonel's expression was stern because of the outburst.
I l. The courtecius earI affered the girl a p a r 1 as a wedding present&
12. The first- word 1heard from your firm upset me.
13. Shirley baught the worst s h there was in the shop.
14. The attúrney searched for Mr. Bird's tax returnw
m Para situar la acci6n del verbo m;fs allá del 6tea temporal del presente, el
ingi4s dispone de recursos lingid~tiasvariados; entre eilos es15 d futuro.
E Wesh~ll~tothesea~nextweek.
e She wlll ret~mt a few days befmChrhtmas.
Thq d l not the p n h t h g uncil &ter Easter.
%iJI J ~ h gwiwe'in
n b e fm h e r ?
el uso de la f d m b siguienre
Ej. Areymphgt~!b\tlyanewcarthisyear?
l b wea&er is png tu h good emugh far a picnic,
Tky are not gohg m spend Chrimnas with ua.
la aplicacih de la estructura:
1 -"
'11 /L/ iré, iremos 1
he, she, it
you,they
will go /wrll '11 111
I
EI nombre
m SonftmMos los nombres que fiam referencia a seres del sexo femenino.
-
Nwa: Sin embargo, si ta ~ ~se hace mediante
i ael wo de un pmnombre
relativo, &te habdde ser siempe which u that, nunca who a whom.
Ej. Her engine, wbic h W B a~japnese d e , had a b r e k
Thc S@, which was trapidly &d+ with hm cargo, d hm
' frQmIight.
-
m En atrm casos, la distinción rnascuIino/femenino se hace mediante el usa de
*&&:
komhl womati husband (marido) wife
b y (muchacho) girl uncie (do) aunt
fa&= (*) mother nephew (sobrino) niece
son (hija) daughter monk (monje) nun
W (rey) queen (@Ud hen
brothm (hemano) sister bu11 (toro) COW
Ej. - % i s a w d h ~ n a ~ ~
He is only a cW.
m Lo mismo ocurre con algunos nombres de nacionaldad,
Ej. A Russian came into the chemist's to get some aspirins,(un rusa o
una rusa entró en la farmacia a comprar aspirinas)
A Hung~rian= un hfingaro 1una húngara
A Pole = un polaco / una polaca
Para deshacer la ambigtiedad, bastarfa afiadir las palabras: m~t,
boy, uloman,
o girl,
Ej. A Russian man/woma1&y/gir1 came into the chemist's...
m Los gradm del adjetivo en ing14s son, como en espafiol, positivo (foma
base), comparativo y superlativo.
Grados:
(Sallyri~nsintothehouse)
Saily: Quick! Ring for an arnbuhce! There has b e n an accident!
Mr. Baker: What has happened?
Sally: A man has been knmked off his motolbike and he is unconscious.
all. 1was sitting in the garden reading.
Mr.T3aker: I'11 xing f a an ambulante and for the Police too.
(Mr. Baker dials 999)
Opaator: W hh sentice,please? Bolice, fire or mbdance?
Mt,Bakr: Police 4 sznbulance, please.
MT:Baker: Mp name is Baker. I'm ringing to report a traffic qccicimt just outside my
b u s e in.44, Vailey Road. A man has heen knocked off his mototbk and
b unconscieus.
Policeman: Righb, sir. Wei will carne imebrely and we wiI1 gend an aftlbulmm. Do
n ~atternpr
t to movc the injured man.
Mr.Bpker: The poiice a p coming and they a= g ~ h mg s e d an ambulante! Let's see
if &re is g n y t b g wt tan do ro help!
Palabras
-.
a d m t rsksrdantl: accidente
mhhw /'á!mbjulans/; ambulancia
mmbh rma~Qbarkf: moto
uncoiwbus /an'konfa~/: incorrsciente
m j's1t191: smtado{a)
w to r Inp,rerta(r)l: @r (a)
mke ?S-/: servicio
Verbo-
- . 21
on F.irtici~l.i
m
to knock off Jta,nok SdL tirar (atropellar)
@ Puntos de gramática
Formas
Usos significados
El preterito perfecto se usa en general para hacer referencia a:
ic acciden
Baker
. . . . . ri
wiU
come irnmediately,
1. ...............l.come to .............,....m .ll..I.I,~.Monday?
-Y&, .............. g0.It'sat ................................
2. ....... ........ wme ta *............;............... Turrsday?
-Ya, ....*.....*.*:$O. It 5 S t...................................
I
.
-Ya, .............go. It's at ...Mi ....................~~~...
8, ............we g.p ta ...............................S a t d a y ?
-Yes, we ..........$0,We'll leave ......-........................
9. ............w e . 8 ~ &e ..................~~F.t.II..I.$u~da)lf
-Te$,, we ..........go. 1tts at ..................................
Tomomw my homewmk
Next week to church
Mext month home
Tomrraw moming my exercises
Nexr evenhg 1'11 go tu rhe h c h
A k r lunch 111do to London
úi1997 to visir ha
Next spring anything you want l
On February 15* the cooking
ro the British Library
Mrs Baker: G d afternoon. 1 have a reservation for a rooni for one night.
Receprionist: I'm sorry, rnadam, 1 don'r have your name on the list. But ..,.,,,,.!,.,,<,
sure, ...............it up.
Mrs Baker: Of course. 1 did it myseif! ...............a Conference on Contemporary
Literature ar rhe Universiry and after that ...............to Bath.
Receptionisr: Oh, ...............tlie lady who called in around 6 p.m., 1 fcirgot to write
your name down,
Mrs Baker: Never mind! That's al¡ right ..............my call, ............... my raom?
Rectptionist: Yes, ...............
a single rmm with bath, ............... it tn you,
Mrs Baker: Well, let me see it ar~dthen ...............you.
Receptionist: Oh, thank yau, rnadam.
h u c h a la cinta dm veces:
L ~aprimera, siguieadci el text~. I
ii. La*@elmd&t@*
I
In 1970 a TV reporter who was ína remow part of Thgland was asking w p l e
their op- a b u t the new pence which wtre taking the place of the sbilling and
penny, Une elde& worizan w b was lisrenisg had thh to say; "Don't wcrrry, that wiii
never reach here,"Tweaty five years later y ~ don't
u even havt to say new pence, yau
just say pence or p because popIe don't rémeniber the shilling br the ald penny which
were part oC their currency for cenhiria.
O ¿Qué es el Euro?
O a) it is the tirle of a film.
m b) it is the Eiiropean Currency Unit.
U c ) it is rhe abbreviation for Europe.
i
U C) "DOn't worry, that will never reach here."
U N l T 12
c
UNIT 12
Policeman: 1 don? think that will be necessnry. The man on the max& will
prabably admit that he was in the wrang and with your written gtatement,
that should be sufficient, Thank you twj Mr. Baker for your pr.ompc
action. You have prsbably helped to save that youw man's life! WdI, I'll
be on my way. We wiii see you tomorrow rhen, Sdly.
Sally: Ya,1 wiII wme round to the plice station at ten o'dock.
Policeman: Ten a'ciock wiU be f Tfhanlñ you both a@n!
a!
PASAUO
leal
19
afitongos crecientes,
@ Puntos de gramática
31 pronombre 1
Pf &ken& de 1w ,pi:mdresi m e m g ~ ~que w ~84n c d - l
a
pmrnbm wlatbgs wn w t k h a de& que se r&wm a un segmento
mfísaie ya q t e ~ ~ Ékkt >k s dk que qaezca d rda.~iv~~.pgm
somplem e]
measaje.
Ej. The b y who is on &e telephone is rny wusin,
The flowers whoch you have seen on &e table are k m my gardetl,
Compárense con los ejemplos siguientes:
WIEo is knocking at the dmr? It's &e pmtman.
Who is wallciing aiong the river bank?It's Paui's friend J a h .
C m o puede apreciarse, los pronombres interrogativos proporcionan los
primeros datos del mensaje.
Formas
-.
thur /a&, /bt/ suietolo~jeco
...- .L que, el cual, 1i1 cual 1al que, al
- cual, ? a tud.
l
Ei pronombre no s610 ocupa el lugar del nombre cuando &te se halla
ausente en la ciracihn, sino que, además, asume sus funcioiies.
Usos de los relativos
En principio, puede decirse que las formas de esta serie se usan cuando e1
antecedente se refiere a personas.
Ej. The girl w h has just got dT the bus is Paul's girlfnend.
The nian w / m i we met at the library is my tutor.
He is a professor whose advice is always welmme.
The Spanish footMl team d U h we have just seen at the hotel
c
entrance is playing at W i m b l h tmnorrow afternoon. (1)
The Spanish footbali team whmn we have just seen at the hotel
entrance are playing at WimbIedon t o m o r m a f b o o n . (1)
( i ) "team" es ufi nombre colectivo que se udha para referirse a un grupo de
perwinas. Hay que tener presente la siguiente disrinci5n;
- si se contempla d colectivo en su conjunto, el nombre es singular y
se usa whch (primer ejemplo)
- si, por el contrario, se considera al d c d v a como hrmado por una
erie de individuos, el nombre es plural y se u d i a whu o ujhoin,
seg6n la h d n que realice este pronombre en la omcibn. (segundo
ejemplo)
Existe la tendencia, cada vez más acentuada, de sustituir la forma iuhorn por
w h , no s61o en el habla coloquiai, sino, incluso en la lengua e s c h . Dicha
tendencia actúa con mayor intensidad en el inglés americano. En tos
ejemplos que se dan a continuacidn po& observar la variedad de opciones
4 a d e la lengua literaria hasta La m á s coloquid- que ha generado este
fen6mmo.
" ..': I
iSon verdadh o f&aó las sigut&reñ.nfi&&onec?I' '-:. '" '
UNIT 12
4
Ej. He could caah the Iast min m tondon. (debernos entender que
p d i a haber +do el 15ltÚnc) #*enpam Lon¿res, pem que m 10
i9a En cambia, pueden usme arnbm fomas (muld - was / were able m)
indistintamente,si $e bata de frases interrogativas o negg.ti,vas.Y esto es asf
debido a que el que pregunta lo hace precisamente porque ignora lo que ha
wd0.
Can es la forma coloquial que se usa para pedir o dar permiso. Por eso, es
tambign ia de uaw m4s frecuente,
Ef. Cm 1hw your umbrella? = ¿Medejas el paraguas?
Can you dl me &e way tci Waterloo Bridge, plmJ = iPiiedt(s)
decirme c6m se va al Puente de Wamloo, por favor?
C h PauI ride yaur bíqclei 1Le dejas a PauI tu bicideta?
Yciu can hue my seat, I'm getting off at the next stop. = Puede(s)
&upar mi asiento; yo nic bajo en la prdxima parada.
Para realizar dicba fmcibn se usa también el moda1 may, que reproduce un
regisuo m h formalista y cuyo empleo es cada vez m6s limitado en el habla
coloquial. Así,si d uit~rlocuco~desea mosrram especialmente respetuoso,
dir6:
Ej. May 1 b m w your umbreUa?
May 1ge t ~ Margaret's
, party?
May 1c m in?
Paco: It's my bmther Javier's birtMay I must stnd hirn
from England!
Mr, Baker: Javier is the one who is in the United States, isn't he?
Paco: Yes, have you any idea what 1could buy hirn l
Mr,Baker: Elas he any hobbies?
Paco: He likes swimming and cyciing.
Mr. Baker: Perhaps you could buy hi some thiiig for his blke.
Mr.Baker: 1think that's a very good idea, Paco. It will be esy to s e d . 1t won't break
or anwng and it isn't too h a y . 1 t M they have s k s &e that in that
bíg store in the High Street.
Paco: J'ii go and have a Imk this eveniq after ~chwil.T h d ygu for yeur hclp,
Mt,Baker.
Mr. hker: Not at all!
INFINITIVO PRESENTE
l. They played the same game afrer waiting pariently in the rain.
2. Let's play after the break, said James.
3. Grace failed co wake up and missed t he plane.
4. They barhed in the same place because the waves were safe,
5. Wait, Rachel, the rain may leave stains on your veIvet skirt.
6. The baker placed the steaks on the plates for the wairer to take.
7 The trader roId a tale a b u t the danger of wincer gales.
8. The gay maid brought eqhr bottles of champagne on a grey tray.
9. Mabel placed a p a r veil over her hce in a haste.
10. The lady kept the promise she had rnade and carne in spite of h e danger.
1 1. David was afraid he couldn't shave b e l f on the min.
12. It was a &ame that he voice of the aged n e w m couldn't: I x he-ard on the
Aun cuando thrzt puede realizar las mismas funciones que ulib.lwy wliich, difiere
de éstos en los siguientes casos:
- no puede ir pretedido de preposicidn.
- a menudo intmdiice cierro -sentido limitativo en el significado global
de la oracibn en la que aparece, wmo ocurre en las oraciones de
relativo especificativa (defining clausa)
- no puede desempeñar las funciones de pronombre interrogativo,
pues,,.
En cambio, es idéntico:
- al demostrativo dint,
- y a ¡a criizjjuncibn thrrt.
play hockey
go shopping
datice
I take exercise
date
box
windsurf read
-'4
I
take photos
play rugby
fish
I ice-skate
[8 Escribe fiases como en los siguientes ejemplos, indicando cuóles son rus aficians: I
"kk
ride a bike
skateboard mu
I
pln; basketball
I
water-ski
e- ride a horse
windsurf
% .-,,<<T+*
@ Puntos de gramática
Ej. VVKo(m) are you 1mhg at? (iAquién estás mirando? / ¿A qui
miras?)
W b t are you looklng atl (iQd es& rnirandol/ ¿Qd
miras?)
290
sajety /'se~ftd:
seguridad ~ ~ l rnztJara11I:
r d ~ naturalmente
wmg /mr~/: mai c m i m I ' k n ~ t /no
: puede
suddmiy r's~dnlrl:de repente sperid Isp~ndl:pasar el tiempo. gastar
slok /slaup/: pendiente, bnjada m n t ty rkunstantlil: constantemente
hmuIbraL I'haendbre~kl:freno de mano d a n p I'derneaIr)/: p e k
hgemusky f dern@mltl: peligrosame aduhble lad'varmblh amtwjable
a& la'ra~zl:SU&,prem~ram mama& rknabW: ~ z o n & m w t e
dnnk hmdy /,dqk'hwrW:beber mucho cure@ /'kaful/: cuidadoso
jmst /'fDnstl:bosque statistics IstaLtrsUksl: esradistica(S)
brwk o ~/,brerk
t 'autl:decíamrse un reduce /rrldju:d: reducir
incendio, comenzar driver I'drawa(x) 1: conductor
careiessb rkealaslr1: dascuid;rdamente patíenrly I'paJati tl rl: pacientemente
hmu /,Braua'wex/: tim pedestrimi /p~'d&strran/:
pt6n
buit /b~t/:colilla fairty rfmlr/: bnstante
cxti@h /I k'shggwrf/: apagar repurdon /ppju:'te~Jn/:
reputacidn
picnic Pprkn~W.comida en el c n m p