Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
GROUP 1
PRESENTED BY:-
ANTARIKSH AGARWAL
KAUSTUV S. RUHELA
ROHIT ANAND
VATSAL GARG
INTRODUCTION
• ADVANTAGES :- • DISADVANTAGES :-
• LOW INSTALLATION AND • HEAVY TO HANDLE.
MAINTENANCE COST
• DEVELOPS BLOCKAGES.
• LONG LIFE • DIFFICULT TO REPAIR.
• TOUGHNESS
• ANTI-RUST PIPES
• USEFUL FOR LARGE CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS-DURABLE AND LARGE
DIAMETER
GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
• USE T CONNECTORS TO MAKE A BRANCH OFF A MAIN LINE, Y JOINTS
WHERE A SINGLE LINE IS SPLIT INTO TWO OR STRAIGHT-LINE
CONNECTORS TO JOIN THE ENDS OF TWO PIPES, OF THE SAME OR
DIFFERENT SIZES.
• JOINTING METHODS :-
I. SCREWED JOINTS
II. GROOVED JOINTS
III. WELDED JOINTS
IV. FLANGED JOINTS
Source :-
www.pmengineer.com/ext/...
/0208PME_Pipe_Joining_M
ethods_07.pdf
GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
Flanged Joints
Welded Joints
GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
• INSTALLING :-
1. CUT.
2. DEBURR.
3. FITTINGS-USING TEFLON TAPES.
4. HANGING THE PIPES-A GOOD RULE OF THUMB FOR PLACING
SUPPORTS IS EVERY 6-8 FEET ON HORIZONTAL PIPING.
5. JOINING WITH COPPER-DONE IN CASE OF LEAKAGE.
GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
GALVANIZED IRON PIPES
• AVAILABLE FITTINGS :-
• THEY ARE AVAILABLE IN LIGHT,
MEDIUM AND HEAVY GRADES
DEPENDING ON THE THICKNESS
OF THE METAL.
• THESE PIPES ARE AVAILABLE IN
SIZE RANGE FROM DN 20MM –
DN 300MM SUPPLIED IN
STANDARD LENGTH OF 5.8 – 6
MTRS AS PER BS 1387 WHICH IS
EQUIVALENT TO EN: 10255.
PVC/PLASTIC/POLYTHENE PIPES
• ADVANTAGES :- • DISADVANTAGES :-
1. DURABLE AND USABLE. 1. HEAT CONSTRAINTS.
2. CORROSION RESISTANT. 2. COST.
3. INSULATION. 3. WEIGHT.
PVC/PLASTIC/POLYTHENE PIPES
JOINING METHODS :-
Source :-
www.pmengineer.com/ext/...
/0208PME_Pipe_Joining_M
ethods_07.pdf
PVC/PLASTIC/POLYTHENE PIPES
AVAILABLE FITTINGS :-
STEEL PIPES
SOURCE:http://www.slideshare.net/M
anishPandey63/ppt-on-water-
distribution-system-by-manish-pandey
SIZES OF STEEL PIPES
Source :
https://www.googl
e.com/#tbm=isch
&q=steel+pipes+s
pecification+sizes
&imgrc=88ZUm-
ZhD0RPeM%3A
ADVANTAGES OF STEEL PIPES
• WATER MAINS
• SEWERAGE SYSTEMS.
INDUSTRIAL WATER LINES
• PLANT PIPING.
• DEEP TUBE-WELLS
• CASING PIPES
Source :
• PIPE LINES FOR NATURAL GAS https://www.google.co
m/#tbm=isch&q=steel
+pipes+specification+s
izes&imgrc=88ZUm-
ZhD0RPeM%3A
STEEL PIPES
• INSTALLATION OF STEEL PIPES :-
SOURCE:https://plasticpipe.org
/pdf/pex_designguide_residen
tial_water_supply.pdf
STEEL PIPES
SOURCE:https://plasticpipe.org/pd
f/pex_designguide_residential_wat
er_supply.pdf
STEEL PIPES
SOURCE:https://plasticpipe.o
rg/pdf/pex_designguide_resi
dential_water_supply.pdf
PRP PIPES
https://www.google.com/#q=ppr+p
ipes+specification+sizes&tbm=isch
TOLERANCES AND THICKNESS OF PRP
PIPES
https://www.google.com/#q=ppr
+pipes+specification+sizes&tbm=i
sch
SIZES OF PRP PIPES
https://www.google.com/#
q=ppr+pipes+specification
+sizes&tbm=isch
ADVANTAGES OF PRP PIPES
https://www.google.com/#q=ppr
+pipes+specification+sizes&tbm
=isch
USES OF PRP PIPES
http://www.hengxing-
group.com/faq/products-
knowledge/What-is-the-PPR-
PPR PIPES AND ITS INSTALLATION
http://www.hengxing-
group.com/faq/products-
knowledge/What-is-the-PPR-pipe.html
INSTALLATION OF PPR PIPES
http://www.hengxing-
group.com/faq/products-
knowledge/What-is-the-PPR-pipe.html
PICTURE CLIPS SHOWING PPR PIPES
AFTER BEING INSTALLED
http://www.hengxing-
group.com/faq/products-
knowledge/What-is-the-PPR-pipe.html
IRON PIPES
They come in various shapes such as L-
shape,T-shape,I-shape etc.
• SOURCE:HTTP://WWW.123RF.COM/PHOTO_7606230_
VECTOR-COLLECTION-OF-DETAILED-CONSTRUCTION-
PIECES-PIPES-FITTINGS-GATE-VALVE-FAUCET-ELLS.HTML
IRON PIPES ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
• CAST IRON PIPE IS THE PREFERRED CHOICE FOR HANDLING HIGH PRESSURES AND
LOADS OF WATER.
• HOWEVER, THESE PIPES ARE VERY HEAVY AND IT REQUIRES SPECIFIC MEANS OF
TRANSPORTATIONS.
• THEY ARE CHEAPER IN COST, IT HAS HIGH RESISTANCE TO CORROSION, IT IS
HIGHLY DURABLE.
• IT IS ALSO NOT ADVISABLE TO USE CAST IRON PIPES IN INACCESSIBLE PLACES
• BECAUSE OF THEIR HEAVY LOAD, THESE PIPES ARE MADE IN SHORTER LENGTHS.
THIS EQUATES TO MORE JOINTING AND A MORE COMPLICATED LAYOUT.
IRON PIPES AND ITS INSTALLATION
In this diagram L-shaped , T-
shaped and Y-shaped iron
pipes are used.
SOURCE:http://www.123rf.com/photo_76
06230_vector-collection-of-detailed-
construction-pieces-pipes-fittings-gate-
valve-faucet-ells.html
MANUFACTURING METHODS
• Compression Gaskets
• Hubless Joints
• Caulked Joints
JOINING METHODS FOR CAST IRON
COMPRESSION GASKET
ADVANTAGES
• Copper is a naturally corrosion-resistant metal.
• Durable metal (capable of withstanding 1,000 psi of pressure), copper is also
lightweight.
• Easier to extend over long stretches without supports.
DISADVANTAGE
• Copper pipes also encounter problems from water acidity, so they are not
good to install for plumbing systems that draw water from a well.
• Costs more than plastic.
• Copper is flexible as far as metals go, but plastic pipes can bend to fit into
almost any space necessary.
COPPER PIPES
• CUTTING
Small diameter pipes, up to 12 mm OD are best cut with a junior hacksaw but it is
usually more convenient to use a tube cutter for 15, 22, 28 and 35 mm sizes.
• Annealing
It is sometimes necessary to anneal half-hard tube in the larger sizes, to
facilitate specialist bending or forming. To achieve this, the tube is heated to a
dull red heat (600°C) and is either allowed to air cool or may be quenched
immediately in cold water.
• Bending
• Capillary fittings
The capillary fitting utilizes the force of capillary action to ensure that molten solder, or
brazing alloy, is drawn into the gap between the outside surface of the tube and the inside
surface of the socket of the fitting to produce a very strong joint. The strength of the joint,
when correctly made, is invariably stronger than the tube.
COPPER PIPES
Socket Expander
joint
Branched joint
COPPER PIPES
• Compression fittings
Type “A” non-manipulative compression fittings.
As the name implies, do not require any
manipulation of the tube end prior to
installation. The joint is made by tightening a
compression ring or sleeve onto the outside of
the tube when the compression nut is tightened Type “A”
Fitting body Compression Compression
onto the body of the fitting. This type of fitting
ring nut
can be used on straight lengths of half-hard
tubing but only up to 12 mm OD on coiled
annealed tubing unless a suitable supporting
sleeve is provided. Type “B” manipulative
compression fittings require the end of the tube
Adaptor
to be flared, cupped or belled with a special Compression
forming tool after the end of the tube has Fitting Type “B” ring Compression
NUT
body
been cut square. (gunmetal)
CONCRETE PIPE
Steel reinforced concrete pipe (SRCP) has a product life of 100 years or
more - one of the best service lives of any pipe product. It is the low risk
choice for specifies with a long history of reliability, no limits to weather
exposure prior to installation and increasing strength over time. It is easy to
join and install, self heals and performs soundly above or below the water
table.
Applications:
• Transverse culverts
• Stormwater drainage
• Pressure and irrigation
• Pipe jacking and micro-tunnelling
CONCRETE PIPES
Advantages of the reinforced concrete pipes are as follows:
•Suitable for conveying all types of water;
•Easy to install and with flexible joints;
•Can withstand backfill pressure, as well as vehicle traffic loads taking place
above it;
•Because of the smooth inner surface, there are small friction losses;
•They are available in different diameters ranging (300-1,500 m for the first type
of pipe; 1,000-4,000 mm for the second type);
•They are water tight and durable, even with cracks in the inner and outer
coating layers
Progress
Push home
JOINTS
Joints have an in-wall rebated spigot and socket which is
designed to resist water ingress/egress using rubber ‘v’
rings, see Figure
Rubber V-Ring
Spigot Socket
V-Ring
faces the
socket
Gasket
Goove
Applying lube
Lubricant is a special compound that consists of a
soft soap solution, which facilitates jointing of the
rubber ring joint.
Damage and Repairs
THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CRACKS OBSERVED ARE AS FOLLOWS:
CIRCUMFERENTIAL CRACKING – TYPICALLY DUE TO INADEQUATE BEDDING AND
HAUNCH SUPPORT, WHICH LEADS TO BENDING OF THE PIPE. THIS TYPE OF
DAMAGE CAN ALSO BE CAUSED BY UNSTABLE TRENCH FOUNDATION AND WALLS
Longitudinal
cracking – typically
due to over-loading
of the pipe.
Overload occurs
when an extremely
heavy wheel load is
imposed or where
there is not enough
cover over the pipe.
REPAIRING PIPE SECTIONS
These pipes have been in use throughout the world since 1913. They
are made of a mixture of 82-90% cement and 10-18% asbestos fibers.
They are available in diameters ranging between 60-2,000 mm, and
can withstand pressures ranging between 6-20 atmospheric pressures.
These pipes are connected with separate special fittings. The use of
asbestos pipes to convey potable water over the last two decades, due
to increasing concern with their health hazards. However, they are still
used to convey irrigation and sanitary drainage water.
ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPES
The advantages of asbestos pipes are as follows:
• They are resistant to wear and corrosion, thereby being useful in situations
involving corrosive water or soil;
• They have smooth internal surfaces, resulting in low friction losses;
• They are easy to install and maintain;
• The major raw material (cement) required for their manufacture is usually
available locally.
The disadvantages of asbestos pipes are as follows:
•The asbestos material used in manufacturing the pipes represent a carcinogenic health
hazard when used to transport water for human consumption. It also is a hazard during the
manufacturing, installation and maintenance of the pipes;
•The pipes have a low resistance to vibrations from vehicular traffic passing over them;
•They have a low resistance to shocks, facilitating their breakdown during their loading,
transportation, unloading and installation;
•It is difficult to secure precise measurements of the thickness of the cylinder during the
manufacturing process, as well as difficult to determine the required resistance to pressures;
•There is a poor availability of fitting of the same material as the cylinder;
•They cannot be used in loamy soil that expands, or in liquid soils.
THANK YOU :P