SUBMITTED TO:

MADAM QURAT UL AIN

SUBMITTED BY:
IMAD ULLAH
R.NO: 52, 72, 73

SUBJECT:
ANACOM
LAB NO : 09
TITLE: FM DEMODULATION OF SIGNAL
FM MODULATION:
In telecommunications and signal processing, frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of
information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. This contrasts
with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier wave varies, while the
frequency remains constant. Frequency modulation is a form of modulation where the frequency
of the carrier is varied to encode the information onto the signal. This can be achieved in an
analogue fashion as in the case of a transmission like an FM broadcast signal, or it can be achieved
digitally to produce a form of transmission known as frequency shift keying, FSK..
In analog frequency modulation, such as FM radio broadcasting of an audio signal representing
voice or music, the instantaneous frequency deviation, the difference between the frequency of the
carrier and its center frequency, is proportional to the modulating signal.
FM DEMODULATION:
There are different types of methods that are used for the demodulation of FM signal. A phase-
locked loop can be used as an FM demodulator. Slope detection demodulates an FM signal by
using a tuned circuit which has its resonant frequency slightly offset from the carrier. As the
frequency rises and falls the tuned circuit provides a changing amplitude of response, converting
FM to AM. AM receivers may detect some FM transmissions by this means, although it does not
provide an efficient means of detection for FM broadcasts.
Slope FM detector
Ratio detector
Foster-Seeley FM detector:
PLL, Phase locked loop FM demodulator:

Quadrature FM demodulator
Coincidence FM demodulator
M FILE CODE:
dt=1e-5; %sampling rate seconds
Fs=1/dt; %sampling freq
t=0:dt:0.1; %time
Ac=1; %amplitude of carrier
fm=10; %freq of msg signal
fc=1000; %freq of carrier
Nt=length(t);
dev=800; %freq dev
m=sin(2*pi*fm*t); %msg signal

%plots
figure
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(t,m);
title('original signal');
xlabel('time (sec)')

%frequency modulation
sFM=fmmod(m,fc,Fs,dev); %freq modulatn using msg signal m, freqdev
argument is freq deviation of modulated signal
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(t,sFM)
title('FM modulated signal')
xlabel('time (sec)')

%FM demodulation %%derivative followed by envelop detection

dsFM=sFM(1); %derivative of point 1 is constant storing it
first
for k=2:Nt
dsFM(k)=(sFM(k)-sFM(k-1))/dt;
end

%using hilbert transform for demodulation

%envelop detection
dsFMplus=hilbert(dsFM); %pre-envelop
dsFMtilde=dsFMplus.*exp(-j*2*pi*fc*(t)); %complex envelop %giving
phase shift

mFMdemod=abs(dsFMtilde); %envelop detector output

mFMdemod=mFMdemod-mean(mFMdemod); %removing DC component

%plots
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t,mFMdemod);
title('FM detector output')
xlabel('time (seconds)')

GRAPH:

HILBERT TRANSFORM:
In mathematics and in signal processing, the Hilbert transform is a linear operator that takes a
function, u(t), and produces a function, H(u)(t), with the same domain. The Hilbert transform is
important in signal processing, where it derives the analytic representation of a signal u(t).

Note that the Hilbert transform of a constant is zero. If you compute the Hilbert
transform in more than one dimension and one of the dimensions does not vary (is
a constant), the transform will be zero (or at least numerically close to zero).