as social commentary

modern art
and photographic process
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Dada
Cultural movement that began in Switzerland during
World War 1 involving art, theater, literature, and
graphic design.
The members of the Dada movement expressed
their anti-war politics through anti-art activities
including gatherings, exhibitions, demonstrations, and
art/literary journals.
Dada is the groundwork
to abstract art and sound
poetry, a starting point
for performance art, a
prelude to
postmodernism, an
inuence on pop art, a
celebration of antiart to
be later embraced for
anarcho-political uses in
the 1960s and the
movement that lay the
foundation for
Surrealism.
Marc Lowenthal, Translator's introduction to Francis
Picabia's I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, And
Provocation (MIT Press 2007)
Raoul Hausman
"The Dada
philosophy is
the sickest,
most
paralyzing
and most
destructive
thing that
has ever
originated
from the
brain of man."
American Art News
Raoul Hausman
Art historians
have described
Dada as being,
in large part,
"in reaction to
what many of
these artists
saw as nothing
more than an
insane spectacle
of collective
homicide."
john heartfield
Dada artists described the
movement as a phenomenon
burstin forth in the midst of
the postwar economic and
moral crisis, a savior, a
monster, which would lay
waste to everythin in its
path. |It was| a systematic
work of destruction and
demoralization...In the end it
became nothin but an act of
sacrilee.
hannah hoch
Man Ray
Rayographs
Characteristics
juxtaposition
putting images together that are
not normally together
layering
stacked or overlapped
shapes or images create a
Frankenstein-like creation
filled page
page is packed and seems to explode with imagery
energetic
different shapes,
textures, and images
help to create visual
chaos or confusion
use of text
words or just letters are used for
contrast to create a graphic look
visual contrast
visual difference created through
bold colors and values
Artists:
Zurich
-Hans Arp
-Hugo Ball
Germany
-Hannah Hoch
-Kurt Scwitters
-Max Ernst
-Raoul Hausman
New York
-Marcel Duschamp
-Man Ray
-Francis Picabia
Marcel duchamp
Surrealism
Surrealist works feature the element of surprise,
unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur.
Leader Andr Breton was explicit in his assertion that
Surrealism was above all a revolutionary movement.
Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities of World
War I and the most important center of the movement was
Paris. From the 1920s on, the movement spread around
the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature,
lm, and music, of many countries and languages, as well
as political thought and practice, and philosophy and social
theory. wikipedia
Dictionary: Surrealism, n. Pure psychic
automatism, by which one proposes to
express, either verbally, in writing, or
by any other manner, the real
functioning of thought. Dictation of
thought in the absence of all control
exercised by reason, outside of all
aesthetic and moral preoccupation.
Encyclopedia: Surrealism. Philosophy.
Surrealism is based on the belief in the
superior reality of certain forms of
previously neglected associations, in
the omnipotence of dream, in the
disinterested play of thought. It tends to
ruin once and for all other psychic
mechanisms and to substitute itself for
them in solving all the principal
problems of life.
andre breton
salvador dali
Joseph Cornell
Man Ray
Characteristics
juxtaposition
dream inspired
layering
odd or gross associations
visual contrast
Artists:
-Andr Breton
-Max Ernst
-Hans Arp
-Joan Miro
-Luis Bunuel
-Salvador Dali
-Joseph Cornell
joseph cornell
constructivism
1919-1934

1919-1934

Rejected the idea of art for arts-sake

Art should be for social purposes

Gustav Klutsis
Alexander rodchenko
-Kazimir Malevich
-Alexander Rodchenko
-Naum Gabo
Artists:
Alexander rodchenko
Characteristics
political
Geometric
bold colors
Repetition
Man Ray
Photogram
Camera-less
photography
A photogram is a
photographic image
where objects are
placed directly on the
photo paper and
exposed to light to
create an image
Photograms
The word photography comes from two Greek
words that mean light drawing. This idea of light
drawing is best exemplied in the process of
making photograms.
Hannah Park Afraid of Nail Clipping
In the 1920s artist such as Christian Schad,
Man Ray, and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy started
experimenting with photograms as a means of
deviating from straightforward realism and into
strange and dreamlike exploration of surrealism
and the abstract use of light and space.
Schad
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
Put simply, making a photogram is similar to getting a
suntan - skin exposed to the suns rays darkens, while
unexposed skin remains the same. The amount of
exposure time and the intensity of the light affect the
degree of darkening of both a suntan and a photogram
How do these things work?
Jessica Kim - student
Yuri Stone - student
Characteristics
juxtaposition
contrast
X-ray like qualities
transparency
layering
kelly gardner
Artists:
-Man Ray
-Anna Atkins
-Christian Schad
-Robert Rauschenberg
Man Ray
Create two photograms which utilize collected objects
from your home.
Visually explore:
transparency, opacity, movement, x-ray effect
Next, use one of your explorations as a starting
place for a series of 3 photograms that connect
visually or thematically.
They should all work together as a series BUT
also work on their own as individual
compositions.
Remember to consider
how compositions are put
together!!! Practice
organizing and sketching
out your ideas first!!!
Visually explore:
transparency, opacity, movement, x-ray effect
sink
water xer stop bath developer
what do I do?
develops the paper
(oxidizes silver)
(pH 11 or 12 = base)
stops the
developing
(low pH = acid,
neutralizes the
developer)
stabilizes
the image
(removes unexposed
silver from the paper)
cleans the print
(washes off all
the chemicals)
how long?
I should be replaced
when...
1 1/2 minutes
(90 sec)
30 sec
3 minutes
5 minutes
N/A
if I get cloudy when
you drip hypo check in
if I am a dark
purple color
if I am a dark yellow or
brown color
the enlarger
adjust the aperture
(f/8 or 3 clicks from the
brightest to start)
adjust the bellows to
focus the light
raise the lamp house
(remember to tighten it)
put the negative carrier in
the lamp hose
(make sure the light is off)
/16 or /22
&
8 seconds
easels
Contact Easel
-for printing from sheets of
negatives or from photos
(no enlargement)
Print or Masking Easel
-for printing from negatives
(enlargement)
photo paper
emulsion
emulsion
photo paper
emulsion
emulsion
-Negative on top
-New paper on bottom
-Emulsion to emulsion
photo paper
emulsion
emulsion
-Negative on top
-New paper on bottom
-Emulsion to emulsion
photo paper
emulsion
-Negative on top
-New paper on bottom
-Emulsion to emulsion
photo paper
emulsion
-Negative on top
-New paper on bottom
-Emulsion to emulsion
/8 at 5 seconds
-Negative on top
-New paper on bottom
-Emulsion to emulsion