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3. 3.0 CONCLUSION 7
4. 4.0 REFERENCES 8
5. 5.0 APPENDICES 9
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Based on Hans Morgenthau, “when speak about power, its mean man's control
over the minds and actions of other men. By political power, its refer to the mutual
relations of control among the holders of public authority and between the latter and
the people at large”. Based on this philosopher, power refer to two matters which is
Individual political where individual who has power basically means that the person
could control other people mind or action and in political power matters, power can
be referred to the power of those people in the public office, public authority/holders
of the power in the government. Other than that, Based on Max Weber, power is a
tool for individual or a group of people to achieve their objectives through actions
even though their action is cruel. It may also define as one's ability to make others do
what they normally not want to do by giving a reward, taking away or threatening to
take away something they value or by forcing them to do something to achieve one's
things even when they might not want to”. Meaning to say, power can operate through
persuasion, so that people will cooperate willingly and freely, on the basis of reasons
they will accept, which may include incentives other than through coercion where the
power holder can use threats, sanctions, and force. Power sometimes doesn't work
because of followers don't want or refuse to do the action that power holder is wanted
followers to do. Therefore, a public holder can operate their power using persuasion
which changed the behavior through cooperation without force. For example, using
reward power. Followers basically listen to power holders because they think that
they can get a reward (political patronage) or through coercion which is power holder
has the right to punish followers that don't want or refuse to listen and followers
believe that power holder has the capability to control the punishment
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2.0 THE TYPES OF POWER
The first type of power is coercion power. Coercion power is being conducted
through the use of force. This political force influences their people through their
words and actions to enhance the political, social and economic stability of the
country. It is the power that a person holds because he or she has control of the
penalization and demotions. This power enables the followers to listen to them
because their followers are driven by the fear of consequences as they believe that the
leader has the power to punish them when they decline to the orders given to them
such as through fines, putting them into jail, probation, and also by death. For instance,
the power that the government has towards its citizens through the implementation of
law that they have made while governing the country. One of the laws that can be
used as an example is the Road Transport Act 1987 Act 333 section 40(1) pertaining
exceeding speed limit, where any motor vehicle drivers on the road who disobey the
speed limit imposed by the legislative branch by speeding beyond the speed limit of
motor vehicle will be guilty of an offence and shall suffer the consequences and will
be liable to be fined below the amount of one thousand ringgit. Let’s say that
particular person is not willing to pay for the fine after breaking the law made by the
government, he will be called out by the court of law to settle down the dispute and to
upheld the law and ensure justice to that person, and even after that, if he or she is still
not agreeing on paying the fine, he will be jailed. Thus, this proves that the power that
one has on coercion power can change the behaviour of the people and if they refuse
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2.2 THE REWARD POWER
Reward power that sourced from wealth. It is the one effective method in gaining
power as to be a political leader, that leader must have the resources to gain support
from the people. The follower believe that the leader has the resources that can bring
benefits to them that will help the follower in reaching their goals and meet their
needs. It is the power of a leader to give some type of reward to people as a mean to
referred to the people who support the leader. The patron who controls a great deal of
wealth can have a mutual arrangement and agreement with another person whos is the
client that will benefit from the support given by them to their patron. For example,
man from Kota Kinabalu went down to Sandakan just because they want to do a
campaign for Tan Sri Musa Aman willingly. Tan Sri Musa Aman did not ask them to
do it but they do it willingly just because they know if they help campaigning for Tan
Sri Musa Aman and he wins, they know that they will get something out of it such as
a tender. Thus, it proves that a leader can influence a follower’s behaviour if they
have money or things that can satisfied the people in order to get people tied to them.
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2.3 THE EXPERT POWER
informational power. This expertise and specialization can vary from many aspects
which enables them to be heard by others. In order for a person to be able to influence
someone else behaviour, they will need to have a superior and extraordinary
information and ability that not everyone knows or can have, in other words, to be
ahead of everyone else. For example, a doctor. A doctor who has a broad knowledge
on medicine that not everyone else has can empower others with that knowledge that
they posses. This example can be further explained and proved by them as a doctor,
they utilize their expertise towards their patients by the means of advising them on the
steps that they can take in order to lead a better and healthier lifestyle that can prevent
them from getting ill from diseases such as coronary heart disease due to buildup of
plaque in the blood in the heart’s arteries that may lead to heart attack, which can be
prevented by the doctor informing their patients on how to carry out their daily
routines which can defend themselves from the disease. Thus, this shows that a leader
who is able to grasp the superior and extraordinary information and ability can
influence and take charge on others so that they will obey to the leader with his or her
information leverage.
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2.4 THE LEGITIMATE POWER
comes from the word legit. The way to gain this power is through the position or the
title given. For example, the director, the assistant manager and the supervisor and
then usually we refer to the legitimate power is either in the organizational or in the
government or in the government itself in the country like prime minister they have
their own legitimate power and the cabinet they also have their own legitimate power.
In order for them to get this legitimate power they must be appointed into that
position and then usually people listen this power holder because the follower believe
that the power holder has the right to influence them and the follower has the
obligation to follow it because they know this person has already appointed into that
position so therefore the follower need to listen to this person. However, this
legitimate is only limited within the capacity of that job. For example, polis bantuan
in UITM usually student will listen to them because they have the power within the
campus but when the student met the polis bantuan in other place outside from UITM
usually they will not listen because they do not have the power anymore. Another
example is the cabinet member. Basically this cabinet is appointed by the prime
minister so whatever policies that came out from the cabinet that have approval by the
prime minister usually people will listen. For instance, the Ministry of Education
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because they know the ministry of education has the power to do so. It means that
using this power you make decisions without consideration of personal relationship,
individual needs, and personal objective. Using this power is not bad but should be
Referent power is the power earned from the popular support. The power holder
has this power through having support from their people. In other words, the power
holder has many followers and voters for him or her. We can take a clearer example
such as when the power holder which is the politician gives a talk, many people will
come willingly to listen without expecting any reward and also willing to support
without any force. Basically, this is a power that comes from the individual's own
personality, an individual has the capability to attract others and build loyalty as
normally, people who have good personalities has the bonus point to be able to do so.
For example, Tunku Ismail Ibni Sultan Ibrahim Ismail, Sultan of Johor. He is a
humble King that has portrayed his humbleness through many was which one can be
see when he took his time off to have breakfast at a restaurant like a normal person
would and with that simple gesture only, it managed to impress his people with his
humbleness. Popular support also reduces the need to use coercive power or reward
power to obtain compliance. The referent power is also needed in order to be elected
or appointed, for example, the Members of Parliament. Before they become a member
of the parliament, the politician have to compete in the election to win. Indirectly,
they need support and vote to win the election as the fate of their ruling will be solely
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determined by the majority support that they gain from for as when the person
manage to attract their people with their attractive personality, hence they will get
more votes and have higher chances to win for the position they are running for. Thus,
it is crystal clear that a leader who has an impressive and attractive personality, it will
3.0 CONCLUSION
successful leader you need to have at least one of this power so that people will listen
to you. The power is important to achieve a person’s goals and needs. It is also
important to stabilize the economic and social development of a country. For us, the
best type of power that a leader should have is referent power. It is because the leader
do not need to use money or force or their position to influence people as the leader
behaviour to support them. It means that the follower willingly support that leader
without using force, money, or position. For example, Tun Mahathir he do not use
force, money or position to influence people, the people are willingly follow him
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4.0 REFERENCES
2. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/political-forces.html Accessed:
02.05.2018
3. https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/tc/coronary-artery-disease-prevention
Accessed: 02.05.2018
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5.0 APPENDICES
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