Short Notes -

1) What is Power Factor? Explain the causes of low power factor, and its effect. How does
the capacitor improve the power of an installation?
2) Safeties to be observed while working on electrical machineries.
3) Describe how the AVR monitors output and controls the excitation system.
4) Reverse Power Relay
5) How rotation is produced in an Induction motor? Explain the necessity of starter for
starting AC motors.
6) Routine Maintenance of AC Motors
7) What is meant by “single phasing” and what are its causes?
8) Effect of varying frequency and voltage on AC motors.
9) Advantages of High Voltage System
10) Advantages of 3 phase system over 1 phase system.
11) Explain Period inspections or test required for Emergency Generator.
12) What is the difference between Isolator and Circuit Breaker?
13) Various losses in transformer.
14) Earthed Neutral System
15) Maintenance procedure for motor and motor control gears.
16) Basic provision of motor protection.
17) Precautions before commencing work on electrical equipment.
18) Detection of Earth fault on board ship.

Theory Questions -

19) Derive an Expression for the emf induced in an AC generator.

20) State the condition which must be satisfied before an AC generator can be parallel with
live bus bar. Describe the cumulative damage that may caused when alternator are
incorrectly synchronized.
21) Draw a main system diagram of a typical distribution system, showing
i. Main Generator
ii. Emergency Generator
iii. Shore Supply
iv. Battery Charging
v. Transformers -------- Explain the single line diagram and principle of connections.
22) On what factors the speeds of a synchronous motor depend? How can the speed varied?
Does it change with load?
23) Draw a schematic unit of a generator unit. Explain the function of the excitation system,
AVR, Prime mover, Governor.
24) Explain working principle of Synchronous Motor.
25) Explain how and why star and delta connections are combined to produced a star/delta
starter for an electric motor.
 26) Sketch and explain the operation of DOL Starter.
27) Draw and explain the power and control circuit diagram for a STAR-DELTA starter for a
3 phase 440V, 50 Hz, motor and list out the various components indicating their ratings.

Numerical Problems -

28) A 5 KVA, single phase transformer has a turn ratio of 10:1 is fed from 2.5 KV supply.
Neglecting the losses, determine (a) Full Load Secondary current (b) Primary current at
full load (c) Load resistance which can be connected across secondary to give full load
KVA.
29) A 25 KVA transformer has 500 turns on the primary side and 50 turns on the secondary
side. The primary winding is connected to a 3000 V, 50 Hz supply. Find the full load
primary and secondary currents, secondary emf and maximum flux in the core. Neglect
leakage drop and no load primary current.
30) A 50 HP, 3 Phase, 440 V, 50 Hz induction motor has an efficiency of 80% and works at
0.78 pf lagging when fully loaded. What should be the capacity of condenser bank to
raise the power factor to 0.95 lagging?
31) A 3 phase 38KW, 440V, 50C/S induction motor operates on full load with efficiency
89%, and at a PF of 0.85 lagging. Calculate the total KVAR rating of capacitors required
to raise the power factor to 0.95 lagging?
32) A 4 pole 50 Hz Star connected alternator has 15 slots per pole and each slot has 10
conductors. When running on no load for a certain flux per pole, the terminal emf was
1825 V. Calculate the flux per pole and RPM. If the windings are lap connected as in DC
machine, what would be the emf between the brushes for the same speed and same
flux/pole? Assume sinusoidal distribution of flux.
33) A 6 pole induction motor is supplied by 10 pole alternator which is driven at 600 RPM. If
the motor is running on 970 RPM, determine the slip of the motor.
34)