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arguments.
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4. Bewitchment by language
Psychiatrists could spend hours over strong 5. Validity of first-person authority
cups of coffee arguing the meanings of terms The skeptic’s attempt to investigate a subjec-
such as “dissociation,” “presence,” “identi- tive phenomena—especially DID—is bound
ty,” “personality state,” etc. Psychiatry has to break on the rocks of the first-person
been targeted unfairly regarding where it authority, to borrow Donald Davidson’s
falls on the subjectivity-objectivity axis, but words.9 To support reliability and validity
it has not fared that differently from other of the diagnosis, dissociation researchers
medical specialties.10 Psychiatry, however, rely on “scales” and “instruments” to give
depends much more on language. the impression of objectivity, empiricism,
Consider slippery terms such as person- and “science” hard at work. However, a
ality, identity, self, dissociation, integration, quick look at some of the questions on these
alters, ego, ego states, trance states, person- “instruments” reveals their assault on rea-
ality states, unconscious, etc. Lack of preci- son and intellect (Box 2, page 35).12
sion, variability in use of words and their Proponents who claim DID is “suffi-
Current Psychiatry
32 September 2009 meaning, and variability in understanding ciently validated for inclusion in the current
continued on page 35