In the quality testing of essential oils the ingredients used are nutmeg oil, clove oil,

fragrant citronella oil, and patchouli oil. The test carried out is the determination of specific
gravity and solubility in alcohol 90%. In testing the type of weight used a picnometer. It affects
the difference in density of essential oils, namely the source of essential oils and the
manufacturing process. Based on observations, nutmeg oil has a specific gravity of 0.986, clove
oil has a specific gravity of 1.021, fragrant citronella oil has a specific gravity of 0.883, and
patchouli oil has a specific gravity of 0.987. The results of this observation are in accordance
with the literature according to Armando (2009), where clove oil has specific gravity between
1.025-1.049, fragrant citronella oil has a specific gravity between 0.876-0.919, patchouli oil has
a specific gravity between 0.9485-0.9715. While nutmeg oil does not fit the literature because
nutmeg oil has a specific gravity between 0.859 - 0.924.
The solubility test in alcohol illustrates whether an oil dissolves or not. The more easily
dissolved oil in ethanol, the more the content of polar compounds in oil (Susetyo and Reny
2004). Alcohol is a hydroxyl (OH) group, therefore alcohol can dissolve with essential oils
(Susetyo and Reny 2004). The solubility of oil in alcohol is determined by the type of chemical
component contained in oil. In general, essential oils containing oxygenated terpenes are more
soluble in alcohol than non-oxygenated terpenes. The higher the content of non-oxygenated
terpenes, the lower the solubility or the more difficult to dissolve in ethanol (polar solvent),
because the non-oxygenated terpene compounds are non-polar compounds that do not have a
functional group. It can be concluded that the greater the solubility of essential oils on ethanol,
the better the quality of essential oils.
Based on observations, 90% patchouli oil is insoluble with a ratio of 1:10, nutmeg oil
dissolves in a ratio of 1: 9, clove oil dissolves in a ratio of 1: 5, and citronella dissolves in a ratio
of 1: 1. In patchouli oil the results obtained are not in accordance with the literature where the
solubility of patchouli oil is 1:10 which means that 1 mL of essential oil dissolves in 10 mL
ethanol 90% (Wibowo et al. 2016). Comparison of nutmeg oil solubility is not in accordance
with the literature because nutmeg oil with good quality will dissolve in alcohol 90% with a ratio
of 1: 3 (Saranaung et al. 2018). The results of the observation of clove oil are in accordance with
the literature, because clove oil can dissolve in alcohol 90% with a ratio of 1: 5 (Pratiwi et al.
2016). While the results of observations on citronella oil in accordance with the literature are
dissolved in a ratio of 1: 1 (Sriyadi 2012).

CLOSING
Conclusion
Fruits and vegetables are food sources that are rich in vitamins and minerals and have
bulky or large volume properties and are easily damaged or perishable. The chemical
components of fruits and vegetables are water, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals,
and a little lipid. Fruits and vegetables are vulnerable to damage. The causes of damage to fruits
and vegetables include increasing temperature, increasing sugar levels, and changing acidity.
Fruit and vegetable hardness is one characteristic of the maturity level. Along with changes in the
level of maturity, fruits generally experience a series of changes in chemical and physical
composition changes resulting in a decrease in the hardness of the fruit.
Young fruits and vegetables will have a low pH (tend to be acidic) while mature fruits
and vegetables have a high pH (tend to be alkaline). Mature fruits will have high sugar levels,
while raw or young fruits will have low sugar levels. Fruit and vegetable damage includes
physiological, mechanical, microbiological, physical, chemical and biological damage
 A Essential oils are oils produced from plants and have volatile properties at room
temperature without decomposition. The value of specific gravity of each essential oil varies
depending on the source of essential oils and the manufacturing process. High-quality essential
oils are characterized by greater solubility of essential oils on ethanol.

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