INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR

KINETICS
Motion
 The action or process of moving or of changing
place or position; movement.
 Power of movement, as of living body.
 The manner of moving the body in walking; gait.
 A bodily movement or change of posture; gesture.

Laws of motion
 A science that describe the rule of motion
Newton’s Law of Motion
 Newton’s 1st law of motion (Law of inertia)
 Newton’s 2nd law of motion (Law of acceleration)
 Newton’s 3rd law of motion (Law of action-reaction)

There is another important one……

 Newton law of gravitation
FIRST LAW (Law of Inertia)
This law states the following:
 A body will maintain a state of rest or constant velocity
unless acted on by an external force that changes the
state.
 A motionless object will remain motionless unless there is
a net force (a force not counteracted by another force).
 Everybody will remain at rest or moving with a constant
velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external
force
 To change the velocity of a body a force must be
applied to it
SECOND LAW (Law of Acceleration)

Newton’s 2nd law of motion is an expression of the

interrelationships among force, mass, & acceleration may
be stated as follows for a body with constant mass:
 A force applied to a body causes an acceleration of

that body of a magnitude proportional to the force, in

the direction of the force, & inversely proportional to
the body’s mass.
THIRD LAW (Law of Action-Reaction)
3rd of Newton’s laws of motion states that every applied
force is accompanied by a reaction force:
 For every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction.
 In terms of forces, the law may be stated as follows:
 When one body exerts a force on a second, the second
body exert a reaction force that is equal in magnitude &
opposite in direction on the first body.
THIRD LAW (Law of Action-Reaction)

 Forces exist in action-reaction pairs.

 The effect of the forces are not cancelled by each
other because they act on different objects
 The forces are equal and opposite, not the effects
of the forces
 Momentum
 Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion." All objects have mass;
so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in
motion. The amount of momentum that an object has is dependent
upon two variables: how much stuff is moving and how fast the stuff is
moving. Momentum depends upon the variables mass and velocity. In
terms of an equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass
of the object times the velocity of the object.
 Momentum = mass • velocity
 In physics, the symbol for the quantity momentum is the lower case p.
Thus, the above equation can be rewritten as
 p=m•v
 where m is the mass and v is the velocity. The equation illustrates that
momentum is directly proportional to an object's mass and directly
proportional to the object's velocity.
 The units for momentum would be mass units times velocity units. The
standard metric unit of momentum is the kg•m/s.
Suppose an 80 kg fullback collides in mid-air with
120 kg linebacker at the goal line stand. Just before
the collision, the fullback had a velocity of 6m/s
toward the goal line, and the line backer had a
velocity of 5m/s in the opposite sense. If the collision
is perfectly inelastic, would the fullback be moving
forward and score a touch down or would the
defence prevail?
 It's perfectly inelastic, so they "stick" together after the
collision. If we call +v towards the goal line, then using
conservation of momentum:
 m₁ v₁ + m₂ v₂ = (m₁ + m₂) v
 (80)(6) + (120)(-5) = (80 + 120) v
 480 - 600 = 200 v
 -120 = 200 v
 v = -0.6 m/s

 Since v is negative, they are moving away from the

goal line.
 Thank you.