Scribd Logo
Fazer o upload

Bem-vindo(a) ao Scribd!

  • Tectonometamorphic Events - Litherland Et Al., 1994

    Enviado por

    JessyGuaman
    33 visualizações11 páginas
    Eventos tectonometamorficos

    Título original

    Tectonometamorphic Events_Litherland Et Al., 1994

    Direitos autorais

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Formatos disponíveis

    PDF ou leia online no Scribd

    Você considera este documento útil?

    Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

    Denunciar este documento
    Eventos tectonometamorficos

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    33 visualizações11 páginas

    Tectonometamorphic Events - Litherland Et Al., 1994

    Enviado por

    JessyGuaman
    Eventos tectonometamorficos

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 11
    SIX Cordillera Real: tectonometamorphic events Project studies along the cordillerst awe defined tw morphic events, These are termed the units andl Pelietee events, the imprints of whiels Tres 1 are described below, Due 10 the presence of suspect terranes separated be faults with potential stike-slip dling both the correle sion of structures fran one terrane to another aud the cousequient existence of a common structural history For this reason the terranes anid boundary faults are treated sepately nosement, there ate doubts ¢ ‘TRES LAGUNAS EVENT (TRIASSIC) This event can be postulated over Hie La fernanve edd Isinanehi unitof the condillers. These Nodeananeriding Units are lor the aio part bounded teetoniealls by younger Jurasic tervines overpriied hy he Pelletar fecrononicuamorphic e.ennt, Although Jecalls abe poky phase struetiral history in the olecrnaacks tas ape be similar to that in the younger romans, tbene ts soll dient cvidence for an important Re¢iopomcoumerphic event yyuchsonous with the intrusion wf tae Hines Lag fas granite of bout 228 Ma, Triassic, age, ane common tothe Chiguinda, Agoran, Sabanilla ane! Kimsanchi mnits, ‘Whe Tres Lagunas granites are almoxt cvryshere folt ted tectontically. bn the Rio Pastava this foliation is seen to be cut by amphibolite dskes (Pkate 13) whieh are both undeformed aud senolithic, suggesting the disruption of a latcaccronic, pre-cooling dvke invusion, Elsewhere the foliation in the granite is cut by undeformed inure line pegonins (Phte 88) Which show every indication of being alate, post-teu kimi slage of the granite. The wn: deformed ave-ol these minor inwusions indicates that the Tres Laguinas (Triasie) slmetures were nat affected by later (Pehete) tefotiation over inuch of the Loja terrane, Tn mos! cases. the foliation in the Tres Lagunay gran- ite (Plates 3h, Varand [e} can be related 19 major shear zones which have yer be mapped out in detait along the cordillera. Even those granites which appear in the field 10 be undeformed show evidence of dsnainie met mosphisth 50 this¢Ction, such as the recrystallistion of the quar mosaic. The rocks of tie shear zones eshibin complete recrystallisation and tefiliation aecompantedd Plate 13 Aeaphibolite sents. {@) Cnctomd anptitytientidin dolar, rntnitic Hees Lagos rite, 3 bic sn the Rin Pastarn sone Agi Bas phic BAN (1) Deva ol ste Vas Ae ryt adie, not he gar sein, seuscated at he argin the senolith (phe: JAN), 54 SIX. CORDILLERA REAL: TECTONOMETAMORPHIC EVENTS, by the growth of feldspar augen and a new generation of biotite, together with muscovite, epidote, calcite and, chlorite, Pale blue quartz may be found in rocks from all the dynamothermal stages. Its colour may be due to the mortar texture and interna! strain of particular crystals although most do not exhibit the coloration, Many outcrops indicate that the generally steep folis tion in the granite is a second (S2) shear structure which, produces microcrenulations of a firstphase mylonitie foliation. This corresponds to the Type I SC mylonites of Lister and Snoke (1984), These authors also discuss whether the intersecting fabries relate essentially to one or two tectonic events. In the Cordillera Real it is clear that the feldspar augen and more euhedral smoky grey Kieldspar megacrysts are essentially synchronous with, 2, Plunges of the angen-stretching lineation are shallow to moderate indicating an important strike-slip compo- nent in the generation of the mylonites. Between the Pastaza and Papallacta rivers, mineral lineations in the metagranite plunge to the south, and mullions and D2 fold axes in adjacent metasediments plunge to the south or north indicating a degree of rotation during deforma- tion, With regard to the horizontal sense of shear as wi nessed by tectonic transport indicators, the mylonites at Rio Ghalpi Chico exhibit sinistral displacements. ‘The Chiguinda unit of the Loja terrane is low grade and semipelitic and dominated on outcrop scale by fold sructures picked out by massive quarvite beds. These folds are normally of local D2 age and axial planar to the generally steep and Andean-trending $2 cleavage which is a subpenetrative microcrenulation structural plane in the slaty and phyllitic rocks. The folds are tight to isoclinal in siyle and generally plunge to the north at shallow to mod- erate angles; refolded earlier D1 folds have been noted. ‘There is a well-defined D2 flat belt along the westes margin of the Chiguinda outcrop from che Gualaceo— Limon road in the north to the Loja~Zamora road in the south, including the outcrop along the Loja—Cata- mayo road. Minor folds exhibit no consistent pattern of tectonic transport: at Gualaceo-Limén they are S- shaped looking north; at Loja-Zamora they are Z- shaped, Such inconsistencies suggest the presence of re- ‘cumbent folds rather than separate thrust sheets, In the north, the Chiguinda unit is shown as forming part of the Cuyuja nappe complex, regarded as part of the younger Peltetec event (Figure 19). The semipetitic rocks ascribed 10 Chiguinda on lithology alone extibit, D2 recumbent structures similar to those of the remain- ing rocks of the nappe pile ‘The metamorphism of the Chiguinda unit corre- sponds to the quartz-albite-muscovite-chlorite subfacies of the Barrovian greenschist facies within which chlori« toid and stilpnomelane can also be present (Winkler, 1967) (see also Trouw, 1976). The presence of garnet and biotite and, at one locality, staurolite along the flat belt of the western margin indicates an increase in meta- morphic grade up 16 local amphibolite facies conditions. ‘The metamorphic minerals are essentially syntectonic with the D2 event ‘The Agoyin unit is dominated by pelitic schists and paragneisses of higher grade than Chiguinda, marked by a generally steep 2 schistosity. D2 minor fold axes plunge gendy north at Agoyan, but further north along the Rio Anatenoria, D2 quartzite rods plunge south ata moderate angle. Late, extensional, crentlation structures may be present and along the road to Monte Olivo there isa major antiform folding S2 and plunging north-east. ‘At most localities, metamorphism in the Agoyain unit is close to the wansition fi covian greenschist 10 am- phibolite facies. ne garnet is normally present, whilst hornblende is common in the associated Monte Olivo amphibolites. However, coarse-grained gneissose rocks with incipient migmatisasion would indicate mets morphism in the upper amphibolite facies, and the pres ence of chloritoid indicates the greenschist facies. Kyan- ite was noted once, staurolive was not observed The Sabanilla unit is essentially migmatitic with the main foliation corresponding to @ generally steep S2 cieavage. The Rb-Sr data points to a Triassic (Tres Lagu- nnas) aye for the Sabanilla gneisses (Figure 7b), but the K-Ar ages are mainly ia the range 65-85 Ma (Figure 20) and record a younger geological event. In the east around Valladolid, the Sabanilla gneisses are thrust east wards over the lover-grace Isimanchi unit of #Palacozoic age, along the stallow-ipping Palanda fault. Along the western margin of the gneisses, near Sabanilla, steeply plunging minor folds indicate sinistral movement. The Sabanilla gneisses have the highest rade of the Cordillera Real rocks, attic gneisses which include sillimanite /kyanite- bearing sweaky biotite gneisses, indicating local melting in the upper amphibolite facies, the hydrous high grade of Winkler (1976). In other lithologies, fibrous siliman- ite was noted growing along the main $2 cleavage in the quarvites neat Sabanilla, whilst white mica aggregates in some orthogneisses may be afier cord reported by Trouw (1976), was not confirmed. Staurolite gneisses occur to the north of Pakanda over an area where muscovite and/or biotite pegmatites are Com ‘mon; almandine garnet is fairly common throughout the Sabanilla unit. ‘The Isimanehi unit comprises phyllites and marbles in- traded by the undeformed Zamora batholith thus indi- cating a preJurassic tectonic event. This preJurassic cleavage in the Isimanchi unit becomes shallow-dipping in the west, parallel to the foliation in the Sabanilla gneisses across the Palanda thrust fault, suggesting a Common tectonometamorphic event of ‘Tres Lagunas (228 Ma) age. However, further east, phyllites attributed to the Isimanchi unit are reported t be unconformably oxerlain by the Piuntza unit of similar, Upper Triassic, age. The Zumba ophiolitic unit, believed to be older than the Zamora batholith, may be important in the geo- tectonic evolution of this sector in that ic eould define an important terrane boundary. PELTETEC EVENT (UPPER JURASSIC-LOWER CRETACEOUS) Evidence for_a major tectonometamorphic event younger than Tres Lagunas is found over parts of the Cordillera Real, including the area of Peltetec. These arcas contain deformed and metamorphosd rocks which on palacontological evidence are Jurassic in age and thus younger than the Tres Lagunas event. The Peltetec event is regarded as of Upper Jurassic~Lower Creta- cous age and there are a number of metamorphic KAr ages to support this (Figure 20 ). Two are interpreted as primary metamorphic ages from Alao~Paute green- stones, whils che others, from the Zamora, Abitagua and Avafran plutons, are interpreted as reset ages, In the Guenca area, the Upper Cretaceous Yunguilla Forma tion unconformably overlies steeply dipping metamor- phic rocks of the Alao terrane, and thus provides 2 mint mum age for the tectonic phase. Regionally the event also corresponds to the uplift and erosion of the proto- cordillera prior to the deposition of the moksic Upper Cretaceous Tena Formation. The base of the Hollin For mation (110-120 Ma) may provide a minimum age for the event. The manifestations of this event in terms of individual terranes and faults are described below from west co east xeross the cordillera, Guamote terrane ‘These rocks comtain Lower Jurassic and possibly Lower Ceetaccous fossils as well as detrital blue quartz probably derived from the erosion of the Stype granites of Tres Lagunas age. The rocks are of very low grade with a slaty cleavage in the petitic units Over the main Riobamba-Cuenca region this clea age is remarkably flat except where steepened by upright DS folds. Around Guamote itis manifested as a penetra tive first cleavage axial-planar to tight or isoclinal minor folds with subhorizontal axes. The sense of movement along sheared and silicified limbs is mainly westwards, ie. ‘Sform’ looking north, but structures indicating an ‘opposite sense of tectonic transport were noted which could represent the overturned limbs of recumbs folds or nappes. “M-form” folds representing higher- ‘order fold closures, were also noted. Smt thrust faults show westward movement, Between i and 2 km south of Guamote, the Pan-American highway outcrops display tectonic boudins, up %0 20 m across, of quartzite within ductile slates. Their long axes trend east-west which may indicate a stretching direction, However, other localities expose deformed sedimentary concretions as discoid forms within the cleavage, suggesting flattening rather than stretching as the shearing mechanism. South of Palmira the first cleavage is refolded by a gently dipping, but steeper, crenulation cleavage wich the sense of overfolding to the west. ‘The Ambuqui outcrop in the extreme north presents a polyphase fold complex. Davila znd Eguez (1990) pro- pose cross folding of recumbent NW-SE tending DI folds by a stecp Andean-trending D2 phase. “The ‘flat’ cleavage of the type area is folded by up- right, open-to-ciose folds with subhorizontal axes, associ ated, in the pelitic rocks, with a subvertical crenulation cleavage, Many of the steep dips of bedeling/S1/S2 lie fon the limbs of such folds which exhibit wavelengths in the order of tens of metres. These folds mainly trend in PELTETEC EVENT (UPPER JURASSI "-LOWER CREFACEOUS) 55 the region of 70°, but another, perhaps conjugate, set was noted at 170°. They fold discordant felsic minor in- trusives which cut S1/S2 and may be 2 Cenozoic (post: Peltetee) event Peltetec fault and ophiolitic mélange ‘The Peltetee fault is a neotectonic lineament on imagery from Patate to Cuenca, patticularly striking along the Rio Chambo, To the field this lineament marks a fault which at Penipe and other localities exhibits relative downthrow to the west of Upper Cenozoic voleanic for mations against the metamorphic basement (Litherland and Aspden, 1992). South of Cuenca it is shown to fol- Jow the line of the former Giron fault, a prominent neo- tectonic structure (Winter et al, 1996), hefore swinging south to form the Las Aradas fault, along which Ceno zoic formations are again downthrown to the west against the metamorphic basement. The Pehetec fault vwas thus active in Centocoie times (p62) However, when this fault fineament is traced in the field over the metamorphic basement infiers between Penipe and Zula itis seen to coincide with an older fault within the basement. This older fault separates the Guamote and Akio terranes and is marked by the Pel tetec ophiolitic mélange (p.42) comprising Jurassic and older elements. This is considered as one of the funda- ‘mental structures of the metamorphic basement. Tn the field the 1-2 kmavice ophiolitic mélange i hest exposed at Penipe, and along the Huargualla and Zula valleys. The mélange (Figure 16) is a series of lithovec- tonie slices ranging in thickness from ane to hundreds Of metres; metamorphisty is of very low grade. The rocks ure generally stceply dipping, contrasting with the flat tectonics of the Guamote terrane to the west, except for the serpentinite/mafic unit at Huargualla which dips moderately o the east, A steep cleavage is present in the more ductile lithologies and this may be wuncated by the boundary faults to inci lange slices indicat- a complex tectonic history, The extension of the Peltetec fault under the north- erm cordillera is uncertain. There isa weak bineament on imagery as far as Ambuqu, where racks attributed to the Peltetee ophiolite trend north-south whilst the main

    Você também pode gostar