BUCK CONVERTER:

There are three basic types of dc-dc converter circuits, termed as buck, boost
and buck-boost. In all these circuits, the thyristor is connected in series with load to a dc supply,
or a positive (forward) voltage is applied between anode and cathode terminals. The thyristor
turns off, when the current decreases below the holding current or a reverse (negative) voltage is
applied between anode and cathode terminals .A buck converter is a step-down DC to DC
converter. Its design is similar to the step-up boost converter, and like the boost converter it is a
switched-mode power supply that uses two switches (a transistor and a diode), an inductor and a
capacitor. It may be noted here that buck converter (dc-dc) is called as ‘step-down chopper’,
whereas boost converter (dc-dc) is a ‘step-up chopper’.

A buck converter can be used to maximize the power transfer through the use of impedance
matching. An application of this is in a "maximum power point tracker" commonly used in
photovoltaic systems

BUCK CONVERTER

FIG.1
 FIG.2

FIG.3
 FIG.4

Fig.1. Buck- converter ,Fig 2.switch on for a time duration DT ,Fig 3.switch off for a time
duration (1-D)T ,Fig 4.key waveforms.

Circuit description and operation:

Circuit description.

The three basic dc-dc converters use a pair of switches, usually one controlled (eg.
MOSFET,IGBT etc..) and one uncontrolled (ie. diode), to achieve unidirectional power flow
from input to output. The converters also use one capacitor and one inductor to store and transfer
energy from input to output. They also filter or smooth voltage and current.
The dc-dc converters can have two distinct modes of operation: Continuous conduction
mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In practice, a converter may operate
in both modes, which have significantly different characteristics. Therefore, a converter and its
control should be designed based on both modes of operation. However, for this course we only
consider the dc-dc converters operated in CCM.
Circuit Operation.

When the switch is on for a time duration DT, the switch conducts the inductor current and the
diode becomes reverse biased. This results in a positive voltage vL= Vg – Vo across the inductor.
This voltage causes a linear increase in the inductor current iL. When the switch is turned off,
because of the inductive energy storage, iLcontinues to flow. This current now flows through the
diode, and vL = -Vo for a time duration (1-D)T until the switch is turned on again.

Assumptions made about the operation of the converter are as follows:

• The circuit is operating in the steady state
• The circuit is operating in the CCM
• The capacitor is large enough to assume a constant output voltage
• The component are ideal.
Equating the integral of the inductor voltage over one time period to zero yields
Assuming a loss less ckt,

Therefore

For a buck converter, it is obvious that

The peak-peak output voltage ripple

∆vo.From the information of the capacitor current, ic, we can obtain ∆vo.

Data Sheet For Buck Converter

Duty cycle Voltage Current Power

S.No
(in %) (in Volts) (in Amp) (in watts)
1 5 2.883 0.2883 0.8313
2 10 6.226 0.6226 3.876
3 20 11.94 1.194 14.25
4 30 16.79 1.679 28.18
5 40 21.12 2.112 44.59
6 50 24.68 2.468 60.93
7 60 29.6 2.96 87.6
8 70 34.58 3.458 119.6
9 80 39.56 3.956 156.5
10 90 44.53 4.453 198.3

Input Voltage=50Volts

Chopping Freqency=100Khz
Buck Converter without using fuzzy control

Continuous

powergui

Terminator 2.468
Pulse
Generator g m Display4
i
D S + -

Mosfet1

DC Voltage Source + 60.93

- v
Scope Product1 Display1

24.68
Display6

Output Waveforms without using fuzzy logic control at duty cycle of 50%
 Buck Converter with using fuzzy control

6 Continuous

Reference voltage 1
powergui

d c

Terminator
0.6035
Fuzzy Logic PWM Block
Controller g m Display4

D S + -i

Mosfet1

DC Voltage Source +v 3.642

-
Product1 Display1

6.035

Display6

Scope