NXP PN5180 Best In Class EMV Solution

Author: Valerio Lipparini

RF Engineer
NXP Technical Support Engineer

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
RF Measurement for Payments: CST Approach

Introduction:

- NXP PN5180 NFC Key Features

- 13.56MHz NFC Technology
- EMVCo Standard.

CST RF Measurements for Payments (EMVCo Standard):

- EMVCo Setup Calibration in CST Microwave Studio

- EMVCo Power Transfer & Dynamic Power Control Measurement
- Load Modulation Performance example with PN5180 (Active vs Passive)
- Load Modulation Performance check in Cst Microwave Studio
- Conclusion

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 NXP PN5180
KEY FEATURES
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13.56MHZ NFC
TECHNOLOGY
Reader – Tag Transformer Concept & 13.56MHz

Tag
Ant.Loop1 Ant. Loop2

Near Field Communication: Energy Transfer like in a Transformer

is from Primary (Reader) Coil to Secondary (Transponder) Coil

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

Reader – Tag Frequency Mod. Sprectrum Domain

ISO 14443 Standard

with Data Rate = 106 kBit/sec
Fc=13.56 MHz
Fsub=847.5 KHz
Subcarrier (Tag) = 13.56MHz ± 847.5KHz

The Load Modulation (Tag/Transponder) creates two sidebands at the distance of the subcarrier frequency
fsub around the carrier frequency fc of the Reader. The information (data) is carried in the sidebands of the
two subcarrier sidebands, which are themselves created by the modulation of the subcarrier

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 Reader – Tag Modulation Time Domain

Ant.Loop1 Ant. Loop2

LMA in mV measured on Reader Antenna

Is representing the Tag Answer Strength

ISO14443A 100% Mod

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 Passive vs Active Modulation

Passive: 847.5KHz Subcarrier + Coding

Active: 13.56MHz Carrier Freq + 847.5KHz Subcarrier + Coding

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 EMVCO
STANDARD
 EMVCo Standard v2.5

EMVCo Standard Principle: The purpose of EMV Contactless Level1 Test Equipment is to provide a
PCD (Reader) and a PICC (Tag) that covers all variations in contacless technology.

PCD Hardware PICC Hardware

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 EMVCo Operative Measurement Volume
PCD Hardware (fix position)

3D VIEW

-- EMVco Position 0 is achieved by:

PICC and PCD cross center are perfectly overlapped
-- Other Position are achieved by:
Moving REF PICC in the points of EMVCo Volume (3D VIEW)

PICC Hardware (moving inside EMVCo Volume)

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 EMVCo RF Measurement with CST
RF Power Rectified by Reference PICC Coil + Circuit in Transient Domain

LMA Measured on Reader Antenna in Transient Domain

LMA

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 CST STUDIO
EMVCO SETUP
CALIBRATION
 EMVCO CST Simulation Step1 -3D- and Tuning
PCD= Reader Antenna

13.56MHz 50ohm Tuning

16.1MHz tuning

PICC= Tag Antenna

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EMVCO CST Simulation Steps 2 3D + Co-Sim

3D Sim PCD-PICC Coupling at 2cm Distance

S Parameter Calc
for
Transient CST Sim

PCD Schematic 3D S parameter PICC Schematic

CST Transient Co-Simulation

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 EMVCO Full SYSTEM Co-Sym
Transient CST Simulation

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

Power Transfer & Load Modulation Amplitude
CST Calibration having 2cm as PCD-PICC Distance
CST Microwave Studio Transient Sim

Power Transfer
Calibration Values From EMVCo Standard

CST Microwave Studio Transient Sim

LMA

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

PN5180 RF POWER
TRANSFER
PERFORMANCE
 PN5180 Demoboard

65x65mm Antenna

EMVCo Full Compliant with Dynamic Power Control (DPC)

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 PN5180 EMVCo Power Transfer Setup in CST
PCD Stays REF PICC moves
in a fix position in the Volume

Measurements done having REF PICC (0,1,2,3,4 cm distance from PN5180 Antenna)
4cm
1cm spacer
3cm
1cm spacer
2cm
PCD=PN5180 Ant 1cm spacer
1cm
1cm spacer
0cm

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 EMVCo DC Rectified Power & REF PICC
(Vdc)
PN5180 RF POWER Transfer REF PICC load from 0 to 4cm
10

8 MAX

3 MIN

2 TVDD 4.7V TVDD 4.7V TVDD 4.7V TVDD 4.7V TVDD 4.7V

0
0 1 2 3 4 (cm) ->PCD to PICC
Measured Simulated Lower Limit Upper Limit TVDD=Tx Voltage Level

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 REF PICC LOAD on PN5180 Antenna

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 EMVCo DC Rectified Power after
Dynamic Power Control (DPC) Calibration
Vdc

9 PN5180 RF POWER Transfer & REF PICC with DPC

2 TVDD 4.5V TVDD 4.7V

TVDD 3.2V
TVDD 2.4V TVDD 2.7V
1
TVDD
2.4V
0
0 1 2 3 4 (cm) PCD
to PICC
Measured Simulated Lower Limit Upper Limit
distance

Dynamic Adjustment of Transmitter Voltage TVDD depending on PICC-PCD load

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

 PN5180
ACTIVE VS
PASSIVE LOAD
MODULATION
 PN5180 Performance Example
PN5180 Demoboard in Card Mode (Passive/Active LMA with 18x8mm Antenna)

Passive LM

18x8mm

Active LM

PN5180 Card Mode Emulation Performance

Vivopay 5000 POS Terminal Distance from Vivopay5000 Terminal

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 3D EM CST Sim

Scenario 1 Scenario 2

3cm
11cm

PCD to 18x8mm Ant PCD to 18x8mm Ant

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 Full SYSTEM Co-Sym
Transient CST Simulation

3-11cm
3D

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 CST Performance Check
Passive Load Modulation Amplitude & 3cm

Result: 5.5mV
EMVCo Limit &3cm=4.0mV

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 CST Performance Check
Active Load Modulation Amplitude & 3cm

Result: 40mV
EMVCo Limit &3cm=4.0mV

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 CST Performance Check
Active Load Modulation Amplitude & 11cm

Result: 5.5mV

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 CST Performance Check
Active vs Passive Load Modulation

Active
LMA
Passive
LMA

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 Conclusion

PN5180 Demoboard EMV Power Transfer Meas.Tested

PN5180 Innovative DPC Feature Tested

Passive vs Active LMA Tested (Read Range Indication)

Amazing User Experience with Active LMA Checked

CST User Conference 2016 - 25-27 April - Strasbourg -

REFERENCES

[1] NXP PN5180 Web Info:

http://www.nxp.com/products/identification-and-security/nfc-and-reader-ics/nfc-frontend-solutions/high-power-nfc-frontend-solution:PN5180

[2] NXP NFC and Reader ICs:

http://www.nxp.com/products/identification-and-security/nfc-and-reader-ics:MC_71110

[3] EMVCo® Official Source for EMV Specifications

https://www.emvco.com/

[4] EMVCo® Type Approval Contactless Terminal Level 1 v.2.5

https://www.emvco.com/approvals.aspx?id=208

[5]RFID System – TU Graz Author: Michael Gebhart

http://rfid-systems.at/index.html

[6] RFID Handbook Third Ed. Fundamentals and Applications in Contacless Smart Cards
RFID and Near-Field Communication Author: Klaus Finkenzeller
http://aries.ektf.hu/~dream/e107/e107_files/downloads/rfidhand.pdf

[7] Battery powered tags for ISO/IEC 14443, actively emulating load modulation
Author: Klaus Finkenzeller
http://www.rfid-handbook.de/downloads/Active-load-modulation_Finkenzeller_20110413_final.pdf

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