Chua, Kimberly O.

GROUP 2
2015107174
E201: WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER
Abstract

The intention of this experiment is to demonstrate how work, power and energy
and its relationship to energy of conservation. According to the law of energy
conservation, “Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but is just changed from
one to another”. Since the energy is the capacity to do work, we can acquire
energy in many forms and through work, it will transfer from one object to another.
Power is used to measure the work done. Based on the results we obtain, the value
of work will increase as the displacement is increased.
Introduction

Work means “A Change in power may be computed

Energy” in Physics. The force comes instantaneously.
from the energy that causes the
object to move at a distance. Work
happens when there is a Methodology
displacement in the direction of the
force. In Math, specifically in
Calculus, it is defined as the integral
of the force over the displacement.
Though force and displacement are
both vector quantities, work has no
direction. The physical capacity of
the system to perform a lot of work is
Figure 1.
called Energy.
The image shows all the materials
But also, keep it in mind that if energy
used in the experiment, these are:
exist, it doesn’t always mean that we
1. Dynamic Cart
can do some work. In this experiment,
2. Fan Cart
the definition of work, shall be
3. Two (2) Photogates
defined in a more precise manner
4. Protractor
and that work shall be computed for
5. Spring Balance
a curved path. Power, the time rate
6. Set of Weights
of doing work. Like work and energy,
7. Iron Stand
power is also a scalar quantity. When
8. Smart Timer; and
the rate of work is not constant, the
9. Meter stick
In the first part of the experiment, the balanced.
dynamics track and fan cart serve as
the essential tools. Before starting, it is
needed to make sure that the
dynamics track is leveled on the
table. To check if the track is leveled
horizontally, angle meter is used in this
experiment. When the bubble is at
the center below the zero angle then
it is leveled horizontally. The fan cart’s
fan should also be turned around
wherein the arrow is aiming to zero.
After assembling the track and the
fan cart, the pulley with clamp must
be positioned on the end of the track.
The string with the pan connected on
the other end was attached to the
fan cart. The fancart should be
placed on the track, while the string
should pass over the pulley. Upon For the second part of the
turning on the power of the fan cart experiment, the string from the cart
in a low setting, the direction it goes is was removed. Photogates must be
based where the fan’s direction. The assembled and connected to the
cart must move away from the pan smart timer. The two photogates
to oppose the force. Weights was put were placed in different positions.
on the pan then afterwards the fan Taped the metal fastener to the fan
cart was turned on. If the fan cart cart for the magnet on the cart is not
goes along the orientation of the that capable enough to secure it in
pan, the force is not yet balanced. the position, in a way that it will not
Adding more weights to the pan is bump the photogates but will pass
needed until the correct amount of through its sensors when it moves
weight is reach. It is determined when along the track. The fastener served
fan cart is on a steady position which as an indicator of the fan cart so the
means that the force is now photogate will be able to detect it.
The results that is get from the timer
were used to determine the amount
of work done. Another three trials
were also performed, but this time the
second photogate was moved
further, in order to have a varying
displacement.
Results and Discussion
In the first part of the experiment, the
force, work and power of the fan cart
was determined. The force of the fan
cart was attained by adding the
mass of the pan and the weight
added to it and multiplying it to the
gravitational acceleration constant,
g = 9.8m/s2. Since the fan cart was
not moving along the dynamics track
when turned on when the added
weight was placed on the pan that
was connected through the string
and to the cart, the force was proven
to be correct from the experiment.
For the next part of the experiment,
the displacement is the component
that is changeable per trial which is
figured using the positions of the two
photogates. The displacement was
measured by subtracting the
distance of the first photogate from
the second photogate. Using the
smart timer and the photogates, time
was figured. Work was computed by
the force multiplying with the
displacement. Power on the other
hand was calculated by dividing the
computed work by time.
Conclusion
The applied force and the work done
is directly proportional. The work done
can be determined by getting the
product of the applied force and the
displacement.
When the force increases, given that
time or displacement is constant, the
work done also increases.
The relationship between work done
and displacement is also directly
proportional. Whereas the correct
relationship between the work done
and power expended is directly
proportional, because the power is
equal to its work over time. So given
that the time is constant, as the work
done increases, the power also
increases.
During our experiment, we
experienced minimal error in the
arrangement of the photogates
which affects the outcome of our
measurement and the photogate’s
handle itself wasn’t that stable as it
should be, so the calculation of the
time, and a slight inaccuracy in the
measurement of the angle and the
height of the mass when a horizontal
force was acted to it that made an
impact in our computation.
Sample Computation
A. First Part of the Experiment
Equations to be used:
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑊
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 × 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐹𝑑
Given:
Force of the Fan Cart (F)
= Weight of the pan + weight Added
= (0.025kg) (9.8m/s^2)
= 0.245N
Trial 1 Length of String (L) = 0.225m
Displacement (d) = 0.2m Weight of mass (w) = 2.943N
Time (t) = 0.47s Initial Height (ho) = 0.127m
Work (W) = F (d)
= (0.245N) (0.2m) Trial:
= 0.049J Force = 9N
Power = W / t Final Height (hf) = 0.14m
= (0.049J) / (0.47s) Increase in Height (h) = 0.013m
= 0.1043 Watts Angle (θ) = 30o
Displacement (X) = 0.065m
B. Second Part of the Experiment Work = wL (1-cosθ)
= (2.943N) (0.225m) (1-cosθ)
Equation to be Used:
= 0.039J
𝑊 = 𝑤𝐿(1 − cos 𝜃)
Gravitational Potential Energy
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑈 = (2.943)(0.013)
= 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 0.038 J

Given :