Explain the practical application of the loss tangent with an example.

Loss tangent: it is a measure of the state of isolation. It is called the dissipation

factor and is a measure of the dielectric losses of liquid and solid insulators.
therefore its magnitude depends on the type of insulation and the conditions of it.

Example
Tangent of losses of a transmission line.
𝑆𝑚
A transmission line has a parallel conductance 𝐺 = 10−15 and a
𝑚
capacitance
𝑝𝐹
distributed from 𝐶 = 56 𝑚 . Calculate the cable loss tangent at a frequency of

10kHz.
Find the limit frequency, in which the tangent of losses becomes negligible (<
0.01)

𝐺
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝜔𝐶
10−15
= 2𝜋∗104 ∗56∗10^−12 = 3 ∗ 10−10

At this frequency the tangent of losses is absolutely negligible.

To calculate the limit frequency you have:
𝐺
𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = ≤ 0.01
𝜔𝐶
It clears f
𝐺
≤ 0.01𝑓
2𝜋𝐶

it is replaced
10−15
3 ∗ 10−4 ℎ𝑧 ≤ 0.02𝜋∗56∗10^−12 ≤ 𝑓

That is to say that this cable is RLC in practically all frequencies

What kind of information give us the propagation velocity in electromagnetic
waves propagation?

the electromagnetic waves in the vacuum its propagation speed is equal to the
constant of
example of this is the speed of light.

When light passes through a solid, liquid or gaseous medium, its speed is different
from when it travels in a vacuum. The quotient between the speed of light in
vacuum and the speed of light in the medium considered is called the refractive
index:

the speed of light in a medium is always less than its speed in a vacuum

la velocidad de la luz (y, en general, de cualquier radiación electromagnética) en

un medio se estima mediante:
Explain how an electromagnetic wave behaves in free space, perfect
dielectrics and good conductors.

Conductors:

in the conductive materials depends on the frequency so the signal will deform as it
propagates

In a good conductor the tangent of losses is very high (> 10), in these conditions,
𝜋
the angle of losses approaches 2

perfect dielectrics:

it behaves like a harmonic wave of variation in time and space

free space:
in free space its speed is equal to the constant of the speed of light
3 ∗ 108 𝑚/𝑠
 Bibliografía

http://vitela.javerianacali.edu.co/bitstream/handle/11522/3277/Electromagnetismo_i
ngenieria_electronica_Parte9Capitulo6.pdf?sequence=12