Harper 1

Jacqueline Harper

ENC1102

Professor McGriff

November 18, 2018

Annotated Bibliography

Butler, Paul. “New Criminal Laws Aren’t the Answer to Bullying.” The New York Times,
3 Dec. 2010, https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2010/09/30/cyberbullying-and-a-
students-suicide/new-criminal-laws-arent-the-answer-to-bullying.
Accessed 14 Nov. 2018.

Former federal prosecutor and current dean at George Washington University, Paul
Butler, argues that adding more criminal laws won’t solve the problem we are having
today with cyberbullying. He makes a valid point writing, “If simply being a jerk was a
criminal offense, we would need many more prisons than the hundreds we already have.”
His point of view brings a valid perspective on bullying all together. Once it’s no longer
about freedom of speech and actual laws are being broken, then it should be considered a
crime.

The writer wrote this article at the time of the death of Tyler Clementi and Phoebe Prince,
to argue how there bullies should be handled. He argues that new laws would just be
bringing more problems than they would be fixing them.

The writer’s audience is nationwide as he had his article published in The New York
Times. He intended for his perspective on the issue to reach millions that are pushing for
new criminal laws for cyberbullies. His article would fit great in my research paper,
as it brings a different perspective on how to handle cyberbullying.
 Harper 2

Cook, Sam. ”Cyberbullying around the World – which country has the most victims?” Internet Providers,
22 Oct. 2018, https://www.comparitech.com/internet-providers/cyberbullying-statistics/.
Accessed 6 Nov. 2018.

Author Sam Cook writes about cyberbullying and compares data between multiple countries. In his
findings, he finds that Russia has the lowest amount of children that are cyberbullied versus India being
the most. He writes about the perspectives on how cyberbullying is handled in different countries, as well
as where and how cyberbullying occurs. Children and adolescents that are cyberbullied are more
susceptible to mental health issues that can impact them in many different ways.

The author uses many sources to provide proper documentation of his findings. His sources include,
CDC, Florida Atlantic University, Dosomething.org, NoBullying.com, Bullying Statistics, and many
others. His findings are up to date and are also shown on static charts, which can help individuals
understand the findings better.

I found the authors findings to be very insightful and great for someone that is interested in writing a paper
on cyberbullying, suicide rates, or causes for mental health issues in children or adolescents. The audience
is targeted towards educators, parents, and researchers. This blog is a great source towards my paper, as it
provides more insight into the types of mental health issues that children face.
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D'Auria, Jennifer. “Cyberbullying Resources for Youth and Their Families.” J Pediatr Health
Care, vol. 28, no.2, 2014, pp. e19- e22. Elsevier Inc., doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2013.11.003.
Accessed 8 Nov. 2018.

Author Jennifer D’Auria has a PhD, RN and CPNP and is an associate Professor for The
School of Nursing at the University of North Carolina. Her article on Cyberbullying
makes a clear statement how cyberbullying has the potential to disrupt or destroy the
lives of the victim and their families. In her findings, she finds that researchers have
found characteristics of what type of individual’s that are more at risk of being bullied.
Such characters are, disability, poverty, being a member of a minority ethnic group, and
lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender status. In her article she speaks out about how
parents may not be up to date on some of the technology that their children are using
enough to be able to monitor or help their children from being cyberbullied. The author
herself, highlights the importance on speaking out about bullying and using resources
such as websites or even campaigns that help youth learn to speak out against
cyberbullying.

The author uses credible sources that have conducted their own research studies, such as
Hinduja and Patchin, whom have written articles on the effects of cyberbullying in
further detail.

This article would make a great source for an individual that wants a summarized article
on the importance of learning about cyberbullying and what resources there are to help
fight against it. This articles audience would be directed towards educators, researchers,
parents, and children. It relates to my research paper as it provides many credible sources
and reasoning behind why cyberbullying isn’t always taken care of at home.
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Grossman, Andrea, and Rapp, Steffie. “Law Enforcement’s Reminder: The Negative Effects of
Cyberbullying.” Stopbullying.gov, 27 Oct. 2016,
https://www.stopbullying.gov/blog/2016/10/27/law-enforcements-reminder-negative-
effects-cyberbullying-and-what-we-can-do-prevent-it.html. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018.

The authors Andrea Grossman and Steffie Rapp, seemed very involved educating
individuals on what Cyberbullying is. The article is about the negative effects of
cyberbullying on children and where it takes place. It explains the difference between
traditional bullying and how cyberbullying gives the victim no break, as it can continue
on in the safety of the child’s home. Cyberbullying can cause self- esteem issues, grades
can suffer and it can even severely damage a child’s state of mental health.
Cyberbullying can be found in text messages, group chats, private chat rooms, and on
social media sites. This article highlights the importance of not ignoring cyberbullying,
as it not only is as important as traditional bullying, but can have a real toll on children.

Author Andrea Grossman has experience working at the LAPD in Internet Crimes
Against Children Task Force, and Author Steffie Rapp has experience working as a
Juvenile Justice Specialist, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, and
StopBullying.gov as an Ed Board member. The authors took in their experience and data
reported from School Crime supplement to make their point on the importance of this
issue as technology continues to grow and children begin to use technology at younger
ages.

This article would be a great fit for someone writing about cyberbullying or a form of
harassment, types of bullying, the effects of social media or someone that is interested in
just learning what the effects of cyberbullying are. Its targeted audience would be
educators and parents. This article is related to my topic as I am digging deeper in the
effects of cyberbullying.
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Hinduja, Sameer and Patchin, Justin. “Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide.” Archives of
Suicide Research, vol. 14, no. 3, 2010, pp. 206- 221. International Academy for Suicide
Research, doi: 10.1080/13811118.2010.494133. Accessed 4 Nov. 2018.

Authors Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin, find that youth who are bullied or who bully
others, have a higher risk of suicidal thoughts, attempts or have successfully committed
suicide. In their findings, they find that bullying including cyberbully, contribute to the
victim or perpetrator to have a lower self-esteem and low self-worth, leading into
depression, hopelessness and lioness, which is linked to behaviours of suicide.

The authors use creditable sources such as the National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development, Association for the Advancement of Health Education, and many
more. The authors include data charts that show statics and questionnaires that help
break down where cyberbullying was more likely to occur and how it made the individual
feel.

This article is a great source to refer to if you’re studying the effects of bullying or
suicide amongst teens. I would recommend this article if you’re researching past data, as
the information in this article is not up to date. This article relates to my paper, as it goes
into detail how or why teens are affected by cyberbullying and why suicide may affect
them.
 Harper 6

Lungu, Anthony. “Cyberbullying is nasty but don’t make it a crime.” The Star, 14 Apr. 2013,
https://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2013/04/14/cyberbullying_is_nasty_but_
dont_make_it_crime.html Accessed 15 Nov. 2018.

Toronto based lawyer and writer Anthony Lungu, argues that making cyberbullying a
crime won’t solve our problems on the matter as it will instead create more problems for
everyone on a legal standpoint. He points out that having a police state involved in the
matter leaves us “passing the buck around”, instead of assuming responsibility where
certain individuals such as teacher, educators and parents really need to be involved in
making progress.

The writer wrote this article to voice his opinion that he does not believe that
cyberbullying should be considered a crime due to the fact that many laws are too vague
and leave room to be challenged rather than fixing the problem from where it starts. He
does not use any references, however he does use his experience as a lawyer to comment
and argue his point.

The writer’s audience is nationwide as he had his article published in The Star. He
intended for his perspective on the issue to make people reconsider their point of view.
His article would fit great in my research paper, as it brings a different perspective on
how to handle cyberbullying.
 Harper 7

Patchin, Justin, and Hinduja, Sameer. “Cyberbullying and Self-Esteem.” Journal of School
Health, vol. 80, no. 12, Jan. 2010, pp. 614-621,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284484160_Cyberbullying_and_self
esteem_Journal_of_school. Accessed 9 Nov. 2018.

Authors Justin Patchin and Sameer Hinduja were intrigued to see that there has not yet
been any studies that study the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem. In
this article, they collect data from multiple sources to compare the effects of
cyberbullying and provide proof that the two go hand in hand. Cyberbullying is a unique
form of bullying and has gained momentum in recent years as technology has grown. To
further summarize this article, the research that has been conducted is used to reflect on
what the effects of cyberbullying has on adolescent development.

The author includes many statistic studies in his findings, including detailed charts based
on survey results. Their findings come from legitimate sources such as Florida Atlantic
University, Princeton University, and many more.

This article would be a great resource for someone getting into statics about self-esteem
or cyberbullying, as it provides many facts and data with great detail on the research
study that was conducted. This article is definitely targeted towards educators and
researchers. It will be very helpful towards my paper as it provides further detail into
the effects of cyberbullying, how to spot someone that is affected by it and what
measures schools can place into practice and policy to prevent it or stop it.
 Harper 8

Riggs, Mike. “Criminalizing Cyber Bullying Could Ruin More Lives than It'll Save.” Citylab,
25 Oct. 2013, https://www.citylab.com/life/2013/10/criminalizing-cyber-bullying-could-
ruin-more-lives-itll-save/7363/. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018.

Former staff writer Mike Riggs, brings to question, should a child that doesn’t really have
the same capability of understanding their actions as an adult would, be held responsible
and charged with a crime, when they in fact had no idea that what they are doing could be
breaking the law? The article stems back to how to deal with cyberbullying rather than
passing it on to law enforcement to fix the problem. He points out that the reality of
cyberbullying is that, it starts at home with the parents and proper disciplining the
children

The writer in this article sheds light on the question everyone is asking, whether
punishing cyberbullying by law making it a crime is being too extreme? His writes his
article to further comment on the suicide of Rebecca Sedwick, after her bullies pushed
her to the edge. Her bullies are now facing criminal charges, which are up for debate.
Can you really hold a child accountable when they physically did not harm the other
individual? He references sources such as the MTV-AP survey results, including a
summarized study on the Nation Research Counsel.

The writer’s audience is anyone looking further into the debate on how cyberbullying
should be handled. His perspective on the issue should start a conversation amongst
people. His article would fit great in my research paper, as it brings a different
perspective on whether cyberbullying should be considered a crime or not.
 Harper 9

Smith, Peter, et al. “Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in the secondary school pupils.” The
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 49, no. 4, Mar. 2008, pp. 376-385.
Wiley Online Library, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846. Accessed 10 Nov. 2018.

Author Peter Smith and the other authors, research the difference between seven uses of
forms of media to distinguish who and how often pupils are effected by cyberbullying.
The research they conduct also looks into whether individuals that are cyberbullied reach
out for help. The study looks into what type of person is more likely to become a
cyberbully or victim by comparing age and sex. The seven forms of media that were
compared are: mobile phones- text messages, phone calls, pictures and video recordings,
as well as through the internet- emails, instant messaging- through chat rooms and via
websites.

The authors in this article use many creditable sources throughout their research study.
They included much needed data that supported there research. Their research study was
very consistent with very few variables.

I would recommend this article to someone that is conducting a research study of their
own, since I found this one to be very organized and very thought out. I believe this
article is directed towards educators and researchers, as this data in this research study
could help schools emplace policies to prevent or control cyberbullying. It related to my
article as it breaks down the types of platforms that are used to cyberbully.
 Harper 10

Woda, Tim. “The Educational Impact of Bullying and Cyberbullying.” UKnowKids,

8 Jul. 2013, http://resources.uknowkids.com/blog/bid/302867/the-educational-impact-of-
bullying-and- cyberbullying. Accessed 7 Nov. 2018.

Author Tim Woda is an advocate for families and children, protecting them from today’s
digital issues. He became passionate about being an advocate after his personal
experience with his son becoming a target. His article explains the impact that bullying
and cyberbullying can have on a child and explains the negative effects that it can have.
He also makes a point that parents should keep up with technology, so that they can
effectively monitor or in some cases restrict their children’s use of media.

The author reference statics from a 2011 survey conducted by the CDC (Center for
Disease Control). He also uses himself as a source of reference including his brother-
Steven Woda, founder and CEO of Uknow.com.

The author’s audience is definitely targeted towards parents and educators. His article
was a good read and from my previous research, found his statements to be accurate.
This article is useful towards my paper as my research paper will argue how
cyberbullying effects children’s grades.