General Tutorial PHY 122

1. The “size” of the atom in Rutherford’s model is about 1.0x10–10 m. Determine (in eV)
the electrical potential energy of the atom
2. Calculate the average relative atomic mass of neon using the above information.
Out of every 100 atoms 90.92 are 20Ne , 0.26 are 21Ne and 8.82 are 22Ne
3. Naturally occurring potassium consists of potassium-39 and potassium-41. Calculate the
percentage of each isotope present if the average is 39.1.
4. Calculate the average relative atomic mass of sulphur from the following isotopic
percentages... 32S 95% 33
S 1% 34
S 4%
5. Bromine has isotopes with mass numbers 79 and 81. If the average relative atomic mass
is 79.908, calculate the percentage of each isotope present.
6. List the three observation Rutherford made in his gold foil experiment
7. Who determined the magnitude of electronic charge through a series of oil-drop
experiments and what year
8. From the mass spectral data, the ratio of the mass of 16O to 12C is found to be 1.33291.
What is the mass of an 16O atom?
9. What was the “basic idea” about atom that Aristotle proposed?
10. What observation led Chadwick (and Rutherford) to conclude there must be something
besides just the proton in the nucleus of atoms?
11. Assuming that the nucleon density is constant, show that 𝜌𝑛𝑢𝑐 = 2.3x1017 Kg/m3
12. Express atomic mass unit u in terms of Kilogram Kg
56
13. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon of Fe (55.934939)
238
14. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon of U (238.050786)
15. The binding energy of an isotope of chlorine is 489 MeV. What is the mass defect of this
chlorine nucleus in atomic mass unit
52
16. How much energy is required to split 24𝐶𝑟 atom of mass 51.940509u into two identical
26
12𝑀𝑔 atoms? The mass of this isotope of Mg is 25.98259u
17. When fresh a sample of organic material would be expected to have an activity of 6.50
Bq. If the measured activity is 0.72 Bq, how old is the sample? (𝑇1/2 = 5,730 years)
18. The activity of a sample of 239𝑃𝑢 is 65 μCi (65 micro curies). How long need we wait for
the activity to drop to 5 μCi? (𝑇1/2 =24,110 years.)
19. What is the wavelength of the 0.059Mev ϒ-ray photons emitted by 60
27𝐶𝑜 ?

20. The half life of barium is 12 s. What is the activity of a 10−6 kg sample of this isotope?
21. For an electronic transition from -2.4 x 10-19J level to the -5.4 x 10-19J, what is the
wavelength of the radiation emitted? [h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js, c = 3 x 108 m/s]
……………………………
22. ………………………… represent wavelengths radiated from atoms when electrons
change from one energy level to another.
23. What value of n does the line at 656.3 nm in the Balmer series correspond to?
[R = 10.97 x 106 m-1] ………………………………
24. A radioactive hydrogen is called ………………………………
25. Protons with a charge-mass ratio 1.0 x 108Ckg-1, are rotated in a circular orbit of radius r,
when they enter a uniform magnetic field of 0.5T. Calculate the number of revolutions
per second, f. Take mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg ……………………
26. Electrons in the orbits of an atom have …………………….. energy.
27. Find the frequency in Hertz of radiation with energy of 2.179x 10-18 J per photon [h =
6.63 x 10-34 Js]………………………………
28. An electron of magnetic flux 10 Wb/m2 enters a magnetic field perpendicular to the
direction of the electron beam. This value is equivalent to ……………………
29. An electron in an excited level of energy (-21.4 eV) falls to the ground level of energy (-
24.6 eV). Determine the energy of the photon emitted in the process.
30. The electric force on Millikan’s oil drop equal its …………………………….
31. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton moving with a velocity equal
1
, of the velocity of light.(Take c  3 108 m )
20th s
32. Find the K.E. of a neutron which has a wavelength of 3A 0 . At what angle will such a
neutron undergo first Bragg reflection from a calcite crystal for which the grating space is
3.036 A0 . ( Take mn  1.6  10 27 kg and c  3 108 m )
s
33. If the stopping potential difference in a photoelectric experiment is 3 V, what is the
maximum kinetic energy in electron volts of the emitted electrons?
34. An X-ray tube works at D.C. potential difference of 40kV. Only 0.5% of the energy of
the cathode rays is converted into X-radiation and heat is generated in the target at a rate
of 720W. Find the number of electrons per second striking the target.
35. The speed of an electron is measured to be 6.00 X 102m/s to an accuracy of 0.012%. Find
the uncertainty in determining the position of this electron ……………………………?
(Take mass of electron (me) =9.11 X 10-31Kg and Planck’s constant (h) = 6.63 X 10-34Js)
36. The process by which a metal, heated to a high temperature, boils off electrons from its
surface is known as ………
37. A photon of orange light has a wavelength of 1000nm. The photon frequency
is………………… (Take c = 3 X 108 m/s and h = 6.63 X 10-34Js)
38. If a voltage of 85kV is applied to an X-ray tube. What is the minimum wavelength of the
X-rays……………………………………… ( Take e = 1.62 X 10-19J)
39. A certain metal surface has a photoelectric threshold frequency f0. The Planck constant is
h and the electron charge is e. For the values of f0, h and e given in SI units. Write an
expression for the photoelectric work function of the metal surface measured in electron
volts?
40. Solar cell works based on………….