Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on
Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices
Shanghai, China, November 20-23, 2015
Influence of Rotor Eccentricity on Magnetic Density
and Core Loss for Induction Motors
Shu Ye Ding, Shan Jiang, Meng Qi Wang, Tian Yu Guan, Guang Hui Cui
College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Harbin University of Science and Technology
Harbin 150080, China
jiangshan92517@163.com
Abstract—In order to investigate the influence of rotor
eccentricity on magnetic density and core loss, a 55 kW induction
motor was taken as an example in this paper, based on
electromagnetic theory and Finite Element Method, a field-
circuit coupling model was built to study magnetic density
distribution and harmonic content with different eccentricity
ratios under rated load conditions. The different eccentricity
ratios of which values were 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% were selected to
expressing the normal and different eccentricities. The magnetic
density of the stator and rotor core was also researched.
Furthermore, the regional core loss with various rotor
eccentricity ratios was calculated accurately, through dividing
the motor into seven parts. Then some experiments were carried
to verify the solution model and show reasonable accuracy of
calculate results. Finally, some useful conclusions could be
obtained through the analyzing of eccentricity.
Keywords-eccentricity; induction motor; magnetic density; core
loss
I. INTRODUCTION
In practice, due to the abnormal operating, motors often
occur in the rotor eccentricity. When rotor is eccentric, the air
gap is uneven, that makes the motor internal magnetic field
offset, the electromagnetic force acting on the stator and rotor
of the motor is changed, and the motor produces vibration and
noise, which aggravates the situation of rotor eccentricity
further more. At the same time, no uniform magnetic density
distribution results in the change of torque and loss. So it is
significant to study on the magnetic density distribution in the
motor under the eccentricity, so as the effect of rotor
eccentricity on core loss. This paper provides meaningful data
to improve the detection of the motor eccentricity, and gives
useful support to effectively reduce the failure rate in the
operation of motor [1].
II. ANALYSIS OF ECCENTRIC STATE
Rotor eccentricity mainly includes static eccentricity,
dynamic eccentricity and hybrid eccentricity. In the operation
of motors, there are three structural central points, the center of
stator, center of shaft and center of rotating rotor. It is called
static eccentricity when only the position of shaft center
coincides with the rotating center, but deviated from the stator
center. When the positions of stator center and rotating center
are doublication, it is named dynamic eccentricity. If both the
two conditions above exist, it is the hybrid eccentricity [2].
Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in
Heilongjiang Provincial University (1254-NCET006) and Project Supported
by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51277045)
978-1-4673-8107-9/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE
ID5222
The eccentricity ratio is presented to describe the level of
eccentricity. In this paper, 0% was used to express the normal
motor operation and 10%, 20% and 30% were selected to show
the different eccentric degrees.
III. MODELING
In this paper, a 55 kW cage induction motor, Y2-250M-4,
is given to investigate the influence of statical eccentricity. A
field-circuit coupling calculation model is built to calculate and
analyze electromagnetic field. In order to analyze the partial
core loss and regional magnetic density of motor, the stator and
rotor core is divided into several regions, shown in Fig. 1.
IV. ANALYSIS OF AIR GAP MAGNETIC DENSITY IN
STATICAL ECCENTRICITY SITUATION
A. Analysis of Air Gap Magnetic Density
Firstly, the magnetic density in the air gap, under different
eccentricity ratios, is studied. The variational is shown in Fig. 2.
In this figure, the magnetic density in the air gap is greatly
increased with the growing eccentricity, and its growth is more
and more fierce. The harmonic analysis of magnetic density
wave under different eccentricity ratios is also carried out and
detailed calculation method is shown in full paper.
B. Core Magnetic Density of Stator and Rotor Core
The distributions of magnetic density of stator and rotor are
different because of the effect of the stator core slotting and
winding distribution. According to the distribution of magnetic
induction lines, in this paper, the magnetic density of the tooth
is only considered in the radial direction, and for the yoke, only
(Stator tooth addendum)
Region 1 (Stator yoke)
Region 4
Region 2 (Juncture) (Stator addendum)
Region 4
Region 3 (Stator tooth)
Region 6 (Rotor tooth) (Rotor tooth
addendum)
Region 5
Region 7 (Stator yoke)
Figure 1. Divisional physical model of the solved region.
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magnetic density considered along the tangential direction is Stator
1.38 Rotor
discussed.
1.36
The variation graph of yoke magnetic density with different 1.34

Core loss (W)

eccentricity ratios are shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen that the 1.32
1.30
amplitudes of yoke magnetic density present the growth trend 1.28
with the rise of eccentric degrees, but the growth is very small. 1.26
1.24
There are much difference between the magnetic density 1.22
distribution of the tooth and the yoke because of tooth slotting. 1.20
Based on the time-stepping Finite Element Method, we can 0 10 20 30
obtain the magnetic density of tooth with different eccentricity Eccentricity ratio (%)
ratios. The magnetic density of each part of tooth has the same Figure 3. Variation graph of the yoke magnetic density with different
change rule that increases with the growing eccentricity ratio. eccentricities.
For the stator tooth, the rising trend is homogeneous. However 0%
for the rotor, the magnetic density amplitude of tooth only has 350
10%
20%
a minor change, but in the tooth addendum it changes 300 30%
obviously. On the whole, the magnetic density fluctuation of
250
the stator is greater than that of the rotor. Detailed calculation

Core loss (W)

will be shown in full paper. 200
150
V. LOSS ANALYSIS OF STATICAI ECCENTRICITY 100

Due to the eccentricity of the rotor, the air gap is uneven, 50

then the magnetic field of the motor is changed and magnetic
field harmonic increases. So the harmonic current generated in
the cage and the core loss of the motor will be increased [3].
The change of the regional core loss in stator core under
different eccentricity degrees is shown in Fig. 4. Owing to the
similar trend with stator, the variation graph of rotor core loss
was omitted here but detailed introduction in in full paper.
When in the eccentricity condition, stator and rotor core
loss is affected and shows regional difference. In Fig. 4, the
core loss of tooth increased sharply as the enlargement of the
eccentricity ratios. In other parts, core loss only changed
slightly. Therefore, the core loss of tooth part is mainly
affected by eccentricity. This is because the frequency of
magnetic field of tooth is high.
VI. EXPERIMENTS AND VERIFICAYION
The experiment is set up and the correctness of the
proposed model and the rationality of the solution method were
verified by the test of the motor. Detailed methods, results, and
discussion will be presented in the full-length paper.
1.95
Magnetic flux density (T)
0
Yoke Juncture Tooth Addendum
Figure 4. Distribution and change of stator core loss with eccentricity.
VII. CONCLUSION
By simulated and analyzed normality and eccentricity of
motor and contrasted with an experiment some conclusions
were drawn as follows.
i) With the growth of eccentric degree, the amplitudes of
the fundamental magnetic density increase quietly. Besides,
even harmonic amplitudes are significantly growth, while odd
harmonic amplitudes change slightly.
ii) For stator and rotor tooth parts, the amplitude of the
magnetic density increases with the growth of eccentricity. On
the whole, the increasing trend of magnetic density fluctuation
of the stator is more obvious than that of the rotor. The yoke
also has a similar growth trend and the rise is stable, but trend
of rotor is more drastic than stator.
iii) Core loss distribution in different regions of motor is
discrepant, which is large in yoke but small in tooth. Therefore,
the motor eccentricity mainly affects the core loss of the tooth,
and only has a small effect on that of the yoke.

1.90
1.85
REFERENCES
1.80
[1] M. Kimiabeigi, and Z. Q. Zhu, “Modelling and analysis of
1.75 electromagnetic torque in direct drive PM machines with rotor
1.70 eccentricity,” IET International Conference on Power Electronics,
1.65 Machines and Drives (PEMD), pp. 1-5, Bristol, UK, Mar. 27-29, 2012.
[2] S. Nandi, T. C. Ilamparithi, S. B. Lee, and D. Hyun, “Detection of
0 10 20 30 eccentricity faults in induction machines based on nameplate
Eccentricity ratio (%) parameters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 5,
pp.1673-1683, 2011.
Figure 2. Variation graph of air gap magnetic density amplitude under
[3] G. Bertotti, “General properties of power losses in soft ferromagnetic
different eccentricity ratios.
material,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,” vol. 24, no.1, pp. 621-630,
1998.

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