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Thursday, 18 September 2014

Structural Design of a
Reinforced Concrete Balcony
Slab to BS 8110

Design of Reinforced Concrete Balcony with Dwarf

Wall​​

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Plan of Balcony Slab

Section through Balcony Slab

Moment and Shear

Slab Geometry

Span of slab = 1200 + (225/2) = 1312.5 mm = 1.3125

m

Design width = 1000 mm = 1 m

Slab Details

Thickness of slab = 150 mm

Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 20 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 460

N/mm2

Material safety factor; γm = 1.05

Cover to bottom reinforcement; c = 20 mm

Cover to top reinforcement; c’ = 20 mm

Loading details

Slab loading

Dead load

Self weight of slab = 0.15 × 24 = 3.6

kN/m2

Finishes @ 0.6 kN/m2 = = 0.6 kN/m2

Characteristic dead load; gk = 4.2 kN/m2

Dwarf wall loading

Wall is 150 mm hollow block wall (BS 648:1964,

Schedule of weights of building materials)

Load per m run (Point load) = 1.52 × 1 = 1.52

kN/m

Characteristic dead load; gk = 1.52 kN/m

Imposed load (Office general use = 2.5 kN/m2 ,BS

6399-1:1996, Table 1)

Characteristic imposed load; qk = 2.5

kN/m2

Design loading factors

Dead load factor; γG = 1.4

Imposed load factor; γQ = 1.6

Moment redistribution ratio; βb = 1.0

Design loads

Dead loads

Slab

Slab load = 1.4 × 4.2× 1 = 5.88 kN/m

Dwarf wall load = 1.4 × 1.52 = 2.13 kN

Imposed loads

Slab

Slab load = 1.6 × 2.5× 1 = 4.00 kN/m

Moment and Shear

Service Moment

Mudl = (0.5 × 4.2 × 1.31252) + (0.5 × 2.5 × 1.31252)

= 5.77kNm

Mpoint = 1.52 × 1.3125

= 2.00 kNm

Design Moment

Mudl = (0.5 × 5.88 × 1.31252) + (0.5 × 4.00 ×

1.31252) = 8.51kNm

Mpoint = 2.13 × 1.3125 =

2.80 kNm
Design Shear force

V = (5.88 × 1.3125) + (4.00 × 1.3125) + 2.13 =

15.10 kN

Slab Design (Per metre run of balcony)

Using 12 mm main bars and 10 mm distribution bars

Effective depth of reinforcement; d = 150 – 20 +

(12/2) = 124 mm

Support moment; m’ = 8.51 + 2.80 = 11.31 kNm/m

Design reinforcement

(3.4.4.4)

Lever arm; K’ = 0.402 × (βb – 0.4) – 0.18 × (βb –

0.4)2 = 0.176

K = m / (d2 × fcu) = 0.036778 < 0.176

Compression reinforcement is not required

(3.4.4.4)

z = min((0.5 + √(0.25 – (K / 0.9))), 0.95) × d = 117.8

mm

Area of reinforcement designed; Asreqd = m / (z × fy /

γm) = 219.70 mm2/m

Minimum area of reinforcement required; Asmin =

0.0013 × h = 195 mm2/m

Area of reinforcement required; Asreq = max(Asreqd,

Asmin) = 219.70 mm2/m

Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 200 mm centres

Area of main reinforcement provided; Asprov = 566

mm2/m

Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 200 mm centres

Area of distribution reinforcement provided; Asprov =

393 mm2/m

Shear Check

Maximum allowable shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 ×

√(fcu), 5) = 3.58 N/mm2

shear stress; v = V / (b × d) = 15.10 ×103 / (1000 ×

124) = 0.122 N/mm2

Shear capacity of Slab; vc =

(min(fcu,40)/25)1/3×0.79×min(100×Asprov/(b×d),3)1/
3×max(400/d,1)1/4/1.25

Shear capacity of Slab; vc = 0.756 N/mm2 > 0.122

N/mm2

Shear Capacity Okay

Check deflection

Basic span/d ratio = 7

Kudl = 0.25

Kpoint = 0.33

Adjusted basic ratio = Basic ratio× (Mudl + Mpoint ×

Kudl/ Kpoint)/( Mudl + Mpoint )

Adjusted basic ratio = 7× (5.77 + 2.00 × 0.25/ 0.33)/(

5.77 + 2.00 ) = 6.56

Design service stress; fs = 2 × fy × Asreq / (3 × Asprov

× βb) = 119.04 N/mm2

Modification factor; k1 = min(0.55+(477N/mm2-

fs)/(120×(0.9N/mm2+(m/d2))),2) = min (2.38, 2.00)

Modification factor; k1 = 2.00

Allowable span to depth ratio; = 6.56 × k1 = 13.12

Actual span to depth ratio; L / d = 1312.5/124 = 10.58

L/d ratio Okay

Check Cracking

Clear spacing of bars = 200 – 12 = 188 mm

3d = 3 × 124 = 372 mm

47000/fs = 47000/119.04 = 394 mm

Bar spacing Okay

Anchorage length

Ultimate anchorage bond stress, fbu = β√fcu = 0.5√20

fbu = β√fcu = 2.24 N/mm2

L = (0.95fy) × f/ (4 fbu)f = (0.95×460×12)/ (4× 2.24) =

585.26 mm

L = 0.58526 m

However, ISTRUCTE detailers’ manual recommends

L = (1.5 × span) + 0.1125 = (1.5 × 1.3125) + 0.1125

L = 2.08125 m

Also L = 0.3 × span preceding cantilever span

In this case we take 4.5 m

L = 0.3 × 4.5 = 1.35 m

Therefore we adopt L = 2.08125m

i.e. 2.1 m from the centerline of the support

CivilStructural Guru at 13:12

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13 comments:

Bandula Prasad 3 December 2015 at 09:09

Good post.
http://structuraldesignbs.blogspot.com/
Reply

Replies

CivilStructural Guru 23 August 2017

at 12:41
Thank you very much, Bandula Prasad

Reply

Bandula Prasad 5 January 2016 at 15:02

Good Post
www.structuraldesignbs.blogspot.com
Reply

Nicolas MARIE 20 March 2017 at 11:14

Hi. What happened if the balcony need to drop
let say 100 mm to prevent rain water from getting
into the main building. When should a cantilever
slab be supported by a cantilever beam? Do you
have any materials on pitch/slope roof slab
design and detailing? Thanks.
Reply

CivilStructural Guru 23 August 2017 at

12:41
Hi Nicholas Marie, if the balcony need to drop let
say 100 mm, that part is treated as a line load or
more correctly as a point load but expressed as
KN/m run of balcony. There are no hard and fast
rules when a cantilever slab be supported by a
cantilever beam. It all depends on the desire of
the architect. As for materials on pitch/slope roof
slab I will communicate with you later. Best
wishes.
Reply

Nicolas MARIE 15 November 2017 at 18:53

Can you elaborate more on this please? How is
the top bar (T1) detailed due to the drop in level?
Thanks.
Reply

Replies

CivilStructural Guru 17 May 2018 at

10:40
If there is a drop in the level of the slab, then
the conditions have changed. The
intervening beam(i.e. the beam carrying
balcony will be under torsion. The
connections, the beam and the slab should
be designed for torsion.
Adequate anchorage should be provided for
the bent bars.

Reply

Unknown 10 July 2018 at 11:43

What is 3.4.4.4?
Reply

Replies

CivilStructural Guru 23 July 2018 at

10:24
Sorry for the mix-up. It should have been
stated in full that is Clause 3.4.4.4 of BS
8110, Part 1. That is the reference clause.

Reply

Unknown 10 July 2018 at 11:43

What is 3.4.4.4?
Reply

santo jose 29 July 2018 at 13:39

2.1 mtr width and length 7.0 mtr sit-out slab,with
2 side wall support. one column provided for
supporting slab that is ( from wall to center of
column distance 1.25 mtr and other side from
wall to center of column 3.35 mtr so tell me how
to construct this slab
Reply

CivilStructural Guru 2 August 2018 at

15:47
I,ve been trying to understand the layout of the
sit-out slab. Questions are:
1. Sit-out should mean balcony?
2. The thickness of the slab is not given.
3. You might need to provide the sketch of the
slab, showing the walls and columns positions.
You can send mail to monomaklass@gmail.com
Reply

santo jose 5 August 2018 at 13:37

1) This area used as a sit-out above this no
room, no balcony( empty area)
2) 2.5 or 3 inch sir u can propose this thickness
3) i can send to your mail

thanks sir
Reply

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