Timber Design

Choice of Timber on strength basis

a.) For beam, rafters & floor joints, high bending strength & adequate stiffness
b.) For column & posts; high compressive strength & adequate stiffness
c.) For poles : high bending strength

Rules of Thumb on size of joints to Span

Depth of Floor Joist (inches)
=

Dressed Dimension ( :
a.) For dimension 4 inches or less = - 3/8 “
b.) For dimension greater than 4 inches = - ½”
Where = nominal dimension

Example:
1.) Floor joist span = 10ft.
Recommended depth =

6”

2.) Determine dressed dimensions

a.) 2 x 6 S2S lumber

- 5½“
Dressed dimension: 2 x 5 ½ “

6”

2”

b.) 2 x 4 S4S lumber

-
6” -
Dressed dimension=

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
 2”

Flexure Formula Shearing stress

Q= statistically moment of axes above

or below the point of question about its N.A.

Unit measurement : board foot

=
=

A.) Rectangular Section

d/2 d

d/2

B.) Circular Section

r
NA

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
C.) Triangular Section

2y/3 y
Fvmax
d NA

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
PROBLEM:
Two carpenters are to carry a 6m wooden plank (500mm x 200 mm. At the midspan of the plank or cement
weighing 980 N. , , . Check the adequacy of the
plank .
980N

W = self wt. 6m

a.) Flexure
200

50

b.) Shear

50=d
a) Flexure
b=200

b.)

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
Design of Floor Joist

T&G Flooring

Floor joist
s
s
girder
Laterally supported timber beams:
If
If
If

Where;

Fb’= reduced fiber stress

Fb= allowable bending stress
k = capacity reduction factor
b= width of beam
L= laterally unsupported span of beam

Values of k
1.

P P
or

L/3 L/3 L/3

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE
Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
 2.

3.

P P P

L/4 L/4 L/4 L/4

4.

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Design the floor joist using Guijo
Given:
Residential
Span of joist =3.6 m
Spacing of joist = 0.3 m
Allo. Deflection = L/300
Properties:

Solution:
Loadings;
DEADLOAD
a.) Flooring (T&G) & floor joists. . . . . 10psf
b.) Ceiling & ceiling joists. . . . . . . . . . . 5psf
c.) Partitions ( ¼ “ plywood). . . . . . . . . 10psf
LIVELOAD
Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40psf
_________________
Total : 65 psf

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
 W=0.93 KN/m

a.) Flexure

Check against shear:

Check against deflection:

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
 Try 50 x 150 mm
Safe on shear
Deflection

Lateral stability

Provide bridging @ midspan

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
Timber Columns
Effective column length = Le = keL
Buckling Factor ke:

0.65 0.8 1.2 1.0 2.10 2.4

Allowable unit stress in Mpa of cross- sectional area of square or rectangular simple solid columns.

1. Short columns
When

2. Intermediate columns
When

3. Long Column
When

Where:

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM
For round section

D= diameter of the column

d = equivalent square section

Sample Problem:
A timber column of rectangular cross- section ( 150 x 200mm) has a length of 3.6m. It is fixed at both ends.

Given:

; k = 0.65

Calculate the max. safe axial load that the column could carry.

P=?
Solution:

3.6m 200

150

Lecture Notes of Eng’r. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology
School of CE-EnSE-CEM