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FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
INTEGRANTES:
MENDOZA ZELADA, Anthony Aldhair
PALOMINO APOLITANO, Leidy Medaly
DOCENTE:
CICLO:
V
SEMESTRE:
2018-I
FECHA:
04/07/18
GUADALUPE – PERÚ
Analisis del diseño y calculo termodinamico del ciclo
de una maquina térmica
Maquina termica
Datos:
CICLO TERMODINAMICO P1= 0.9 bar
4.5
P2= 4 bar
2 3
4
T1= 30°C
𝑛
3.5 𝑝(𝑣) = 𝑐𝑡𝑒
T3= 200°C
3
n= 1.2
PRESION (BAR)
2.5
Tipo de ciclo :
2
Ciclo de Diesel
1.5 lento
1
4
0.5 1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
VOLUMEN (M³/KG)
"1-2" "2-3" "3-4" "4-1"
𝑝1 𝑣1 = 𝑅𝑇1
𝑣1 = 𝑅𝑇1 ∕ 𝑝1
𝐽
(287 )(303°𝐾)
𝐾𝑔∗°𝐾
𝑣1 = 9∗104
v1 = 0.966 m3 /kg
Punto 2:
𝑃2 = 4 𝐵𝑎𝑟
𝑝1 (𝑣1 )𝑛 = 𝑐𝑡𝑒
𝑝1 (𝑣1 )𝑛 = 𝑝2 (𝑣2 )𝑛
𝑛
𝑚3
(4 ∗ 105 )𝑃𝑎(𝑣2 )𝑛 = (9 ∗ 104 ) (0.966 )
𝐾𝑔
9
(𝑣2 )𝑛 = 𝑛
𝑚3
40 (0.96 𝐾𝑔)
𝑇2 = 388.519°𝐾
Punto 3:
𝑃2 = 𝑃3 = 4 𝐵𝑎𝑟
𝑇3 = 473°𝐾
𝑝3 𝑣3 = 𝑅𝑇3
𝑣3 = 𝑅𝑇3 ⁄𝑝3
𝐽
{(287 )(473°𝐾)}
𝐾𝑔∗°𝐾
𝑣3 = (4∗105 )𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑣3 = 0.339 𝐾𝑔
Punto 4:
𝑚3
𝑣1 = 𝑣4 = 0.96 𝑘𝑔
𝑝3 (𝑣3 )𝑛 = 𝑝4 (𝑣4 )𝑛
𝑚3 𝑚3
(4 ∗ 105 )𝑃𝑎 (0.34 ) = 𝑝4 (0.96 )
𝐾𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑝4 = 1.14 ∗ 105 𝑃𝑎
𝑝4 𝑣4 = 𝑅𝑇4
𝑚3
{(1.15∗105 𝑃𝑎)∗( 0.96 )}
𝑘𝑔
𝑇4 = 𝐽
(287 )
𝐾𝑔∗°𝐾
𝑇4 = 383.691°𝐾
Tabla N°1
Parametros P. V T t
3
Puntos Bar. m /Kg °K °C
1 0.9 0.966 303 30
2 4 0.279 388.519 115.519
3 4 0.339 473 200
4 1.15 0.966 383.691 110.691
𝐾𝐽 4
∆𝑢 = 0.717 (388.519 − 303)°𝐾
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 3.5
𝐾𝐽 3
∆𝑢 = 61.317
PRESION (BAR)
𝐾𝑔
2.5
∆ℎ = 𝐶𝑝(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
2
𝐾𝐽
∆ℎ = 1.004 (388.519 − 303)°𝐾 1.5
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
1
𝐾𝐽
∆ℎ = 85.8614 0.5
𝐾𝑔
0
𝑅(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝑙= 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
1−𝑛 VOLUMEN(M³/KG)
𝐾𝐽
0.287 𝐾𝑔°𝐾 (388.519 − 303)°𝐾
𝑙=
−0.2
𝐾𝐽
𝑙 = −122.72
𝐾𝑔
𝑇2 𝑣2
∆𝑠 = 𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛 ( ) + 𝑅𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑇1 𝑣1
𝐾𝐽 388.519 𝐾𝐽 0.279
∆𝑠 = 0.717 𝑙𝑛 ( ) + 0.287 ln ( )
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 303 𝐾𝑔°𝐾 0.966
𝐾𝐽
∆𝑠 = −0.179
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
𝑞 = ∆𝑢 + 𝑙
𝑞 = −61.403
∆𝑢
𝛹= = −0.999
∆𝑞
∆𝑙
𝜉= = 1.999
∆𝑞
𝐶𝑣(𝑛 − 𝑘)
𝐶=
𝑛−1
𝐾𝐽
0.717 𝐾𝑔°𝐾 (1.2 − 1.4)
𝐶=
1.2 − 1
𝐾𝐽
𝐶 = −0.717
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
𝐾𝐽 4
𝐶 = 1.004
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 3.5
∆𝑢 = 𝐶𝑣(𝑇3 − 𝑇2 ) 3
PRESION (BAR)
𝐾𝐽 2.5
∆𝑢 = 0.717 (473 − 388.519)°𝐾
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 2
𝐾𝐽
∆𝑢 = 60.573 1.5
𝐾𝑔
1
∆ℎ = 𝐶𝑝(𝑇3 − 𝑇2 )
0.5
𝐾𝐽
∆ℎ = 1.004 (473 − 388.519)°𝐾 0
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
𝐾𝐽 VOLUMEN(M³/KG)
∆ℎ = 84.819
𝐾𝑔
𝑙 = 𝑅(𝑇3 − 𝑇2 )
𝐾𝐽
𝑙 = 0.287 (473 − 388.519)°𝐾
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
𝐾𝐽
𝑙 = 24.25
𝐾𝑔
𝑇3 𝑣3
∆𝑠 = 𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛 ( ) + 𝑅𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑇2 𝑣2
473 𝐾𝐽 0.339
∆𝑠 = 0.717 ln ( ) + 0.287 ln ( )
388.519 𝐾𝑔°𝐾 0.279
𝐾𝐽
∆𝑠 = 0.198
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
𝑞 = ∆𝑢 + 𝑙
𝐾𝐽
𝑞 = 84.819
𝐾𝑔
∆𝑢
𝛹= = 0.71
∆𝑞
∆𝑙
𝜉= = 0.29
∆𝑞
𝐶=
𝐶𝑣(𝑛 − 𝑘) Ciclo termodinamico
4.5
𝑛−1
𝐾𝐽 4
0.717 𝐾𝑔°𝐾 (1.2 − 1.4)
𝐶= 3.5
1.2 − 1
3
𝐾𝐽
PRESION (BAR)
𝐶 = −0.717
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 2.5
∆𝑢 = 𝐶𝑣(𝑇4 − 𝑇3 ) 2
𝐾𝐽 1.5
∆𝑢 = 0.717 (383.691 − 473)°𝐾
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 1
𝐾𝐽 0.5
∆𝑢 = −64.035
𝐾𝑔
0
∆ℎ = 𝐶𝑝(𝑇4 − 𝑇3 ) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
VOLUMEN(M³/KG)
𝐾𝐽
∆ℎ = 1.004 (383.691 − 473)°𝐾
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
𝐾𝐽
∆ℎ = −89.666
𝐾𝑔
𝑅(𝑇4 − 𝑇3 )
𝑙=
1−𝑛
𝐾𝐽
0.287 𝐾𝑔°𝐾 (383.691 − 473)°𝐾
𝑙=
−0.2
𝐾𝐽
𝑙 = 128.16
𝐾𝑔
𝑇4 𝑣4
∆𝑠 = 𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛 ( ) + 𝑅𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑇3 𝑣3
𝐾𝐽 383.691 𝐾𝐽 0.966
∆𝑠 = 0.717 𝑙𝑛 ( ) + 0.287 ln ( )
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 473 𝐾𝑔°𝐾 0.34
𝐾𝐽
∆𝑠 = −0.15
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
𝑞 = ∆𝑢 + 𝑙
𝐾𝐽
𝑞 = 64.124
𝐾𝑔
∆𝑢
𝛹= = −0.99
∆𝑞
∆𝑙
𝜉= = 1.99
∆𝑞
PROCESO ISOCORICO 4 -> 1
Ciclo termodinamico
4.5
𝐶 = 𝐶𝑣
𝐾𝐽 4
𝐶 = 0.717
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 3.5
∆𝑢 = 𝐶𝑣(𝑇1 − 𝑇4 ) 3
PRESION (BAR)
𝐾𝐽 2.5
∆𝑢 = 0.717 (303 − 383.691)°𝐾
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 2
𝐾𝐽 1.5
∆𝑢 = −57.855
𝐾𝑔
1
∆ℎ = 𝐶𝑝(𝑇1 − 𝑇4 )
0.5
𝐾𝐽
∆ℎ = 1.004 (303 − 383.691)°𝐾 0
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
𝐾𝐽 VOLUMEN(M³/KG)
∆ℎ = −81.014
𝐾𝑔
𝑙 = 𝑃(𝑣1 − 𝑣4 )
𝐾𝐽
𝑙= 0
𝐾𝑔
𝑇1 𝑣1
∆𝑠 = 𝐶𝑣𝑙𝑛 ( ) + 𝑅𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑇4 𝑣4
𝐾𝐽 303
∆𝑠 = 0.717 𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝐾𝑔°𝐾 383.691
𝐾𝐽
∆𝑠 = −0.169
𝐾𝑔°𝐾
𝑞 = ∆𝑢 + 𝑙
𝐾𝐽
𝑞 = −57.855
𝐾𝑔
∆𝑢
𝛹= = 1
∆𝑞
∆𝑙
𝜉= =0
∆𝑞
Tabla N°2
C ∆u ∆h ∆s q 𝑙
n KJ/Kg
𝛹 𝜉
KJ/Kg grado KJ/Kg KJ/Kg KJ/Kg grado KJ/Kg
1-2 1.2 -0.717 61.317 85.861 -0.179 -61.403 -122.72 -0.99 1.99
2-3 0 1.004 60.573 84.819 0.198 84.819 24.246 0.71 0.29
3-4 1.2 -0.717 -64.035 -89.666 0.15 64.124 128.159 -0.99 1.99
4-1 ∞ 0.717 -57.855 -81.014 -0.169 -57.855 0 1 0
∑ - - 0 0 0 29.685 29.685 - -
3. Construir el ciclo graficamente en las cordenadas log p – log v
0.6
0.5
0.4
-0.1
-0.2
-0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0
LOG V
Ciclo termodinamico
4.5
3.5
3
Presion (Bar)
2 "Proceso 2-3"
"Proceso 3-4"
1.5
"Proceso 4-1"
1
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Volumen(m³/Kg)
5. Construir graficamente el ciclo en las cordenadas T – s
Diagrama T-s
480
3
460
S1
440
420
Temperatura °K
400
2 4
380
360
340
320
1
300
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2
Entropia (s) KJ/Kg* °K
460
440
420
Temperatura °K
400
380
360
340
320
300
0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2
Entropia (s) KJ/Kg* °K
q = 𝑠∆𝑇
∆𝑢 = 𝐶𝑣∆𝑇
∆ℎ = 𝐶𝑝∆𝑇
𝑙 = q − ∆𝑢
𝑙0 = ∆ℎ 𝑞
7. Determinar los parametros del ciclo: El rendimiento termico, el
trabajo del ciclo, la presion media del ciclo( 𝜂𝑡 , 𝑙𝐶 , 𝑝𝑚.𝑐 )
a. Rendimiento térmico
𝑞1 − 𝑞2
𝜂𝑇 =
𝑞1
(84.819 + 64.124) − (61.403 + 57.855)
𝜂𝑇 = ∗ 100 %
84.819 + 64.124
29.685
𝜂𝑇 = ∗ 100%
148.943
𝜂𝑇 = 19.93%