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Worksheet 11
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Engage
It pays to know and monitor your blood pressure. Have your BP checked.
Explore
This activity will make you “walk around” the three components of the cardio vascular
system: blood, blood vessels and the heart. It also features the systemic and
pulmonary circulation.
A. Blood
It is the fluid of life. It has two components: the liquid component that is called plasma;
and the solid component that is collectively termed as formed elements or blood cells.
I. Fill in the blanks
Plasma makes up a little more than 50 percent of the blood. It is made up mainly
of ___________ and dissolved substances like _____________, ______________.
Plasma proteins include: __________________ that maintains osmotic pressure of the
blood, _____________________that are related to immune system; and
_______________ that is important in clot formation.
II. Differentiate the two groups of WBCs. Name and describe the cells under
each group.
a. Granulocytes-
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b. Agranulocytes-
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III. Match the blood cells written inside the table with the descriptions given below.
Erythrocytes Thrombocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes
B. Blood Vessels
The blood vessels run as channels that deliver blood where it is needed. There
are three types of blood vessels:
1. arteries- that generally carry oxygenated blood towards the systems of the
body
Using the three types of blood vessels as choices, match the descriptions below.
C. Heart
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ about the size of your fist. It lies within the
pericardium and between the lungs. Its orientation is slightly oblique with the base
directed upward, backward, and toward the right while the apex is directed otherwise.
I. Draw and label the heart showing the chambers, the valves and the large veins
Explain
1. Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than those of the atria?
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2. A friend tells you that her son had an ECG, and it revealed that he has a slight heart
murmur. Should you be convinced that he has a heart murmur? Explain.
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Extend
1. Identify the Blood Types related terms that match the statements below.
2. There are a few exceptions in the rule that all arteries carry oxygenated blood while all veins
carry de-oxygenated blood. What are these?
Evaluate
I. Identification:
Engage
Clinical Focus
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), or crib death, is the most frequent cause of death
of infants between two weeks and 1 year of age. Death results when the infant stops breathing
during sleep. Although the cause of SIDS remains controversial, there is evidence that damage
to the respiratory center during development is a factor. There is no treatment, but at-risk
babies can be placed on monitors that sound an alarm if the baby stops breathing.
Explore
This time, you will be journeying through the respiratory tract and the lungs. You will
also learn the process of respiration and other associated diseases and disorders.
C. Ventilation
There are two phases of ventilation:
Identify as described.
Describe the following volumes and capacities and give the normal value for each.
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3. Vital capacity- _____________________________________________________
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4. Total lung capacity- ________________________________________________
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Explain
1. What are the roles of the medulla oblongata and pons in respiration?
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2. Explain what happens to the shape of the trachea you swallow a large mouthful of food.
Why is this advantageous?
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3. Explain why a person who breathes rapidly and deeply (hyperventilates) for several
seconds experiences a short period of time in which respiration ceases (apnea) before a
normal breathing occurs.
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Extend
Describe the following disorders of the respiratory system by stating the etiology, signs and
symptoms and treatment or management.
1. Asthma-
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2. Emphysema-
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3. Chronic Bronchitis-
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4. Cystic Fibrosis-
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5. Adult respiratory distress syndrome-
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6. Lung Cancer-
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Evaluate
I. Identification
Worksheet 14
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Engage
1 2 3 4
10 11
12
Across
Down
1. These are glands that secrete the substance that moisten the food in the
mouth
2. It is also called colon
3. It carries sensory organs for taste
4. It is the hardest substance in the body
5. It is known as the throat.
7. It has acinar cells that secrete digestive enzymes.
8. These are the organs for mastication found inside the oral cavity
Explore
This activity will teach you the digestion process from ingestion to defecation. The main
function of this system is the break down food into organic molecules small enough to be used
by cells.
A. Phases of Digestion:
1. ______________digestion: may include some type of grinding mechanism (if this occurs, it
typically happens first) Example: _________________
B. Digestive Organs
1. ______________- it is where food and water are ingested and where initial digestion
a. tongue- _________________________________________
b. teeth- _________________________________________
segments:
a. duodenum- ___________________________________________
b. jejunum- ___________________________________________
c. ileum- ___________________________________________
5. ______________ (colon)- actually shorter than small intestine, but wider, with no villi;
its first segment is__________ where the appendix is located; then the _________ ,
__________, and ____________ portions; it ends in _________. It has no digestive
function but a major absorption site of _______, vitamin ______, and_____.
C. Digestion Process
Arrange the following steps enumerated below accordingly, then opposite each step, write the
associated digestive organ.
1. ___________________- ______________
2. ___________________- ______________
3. ___________________- ______________
4. ___________________- ______________
5. ___________________- ______________
6. ___________________- ______________
Explain
1. There is a sudden shift on pH from the stomach to the small intestines, what is the
clinical significance of this?
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2. Liver, pancreas and gall bladder are accessory organs of digestion. Explain their
function in the digestion process.
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Evaluate
a. It is produced by the
liver. b. It is stored in the pancreas.
II. Trace the flow of food from its point of entry up to the point of defecation
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Name: ___________________________ Rating: ______
Section: ______________ Date: ________
Worksheet 15
URINARY SYSTEM
Engage
The kidneys can still perform their extremely important role in the maintenance of
homeostasis as long as one third of one kidney remains functional. Isn’t it amazing? However,
if the functional ability of the kidneys fails completely, death will result without special medical
treatment.
Explore
This activity looks at the organs of the urinary system and the process of urine
production and excretion.
Enumerate its functions and briefly discuss how these functions are performed.
1. ______________________________________________________________________
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2. ______________________________________________________________________
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3. ______________________________________________________________________
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4. ______________________________________________________________________
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5. ______________________________________________________________________
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B. Urinary Structures
I. Identify the four major structures of the urinary system by filling in the blanks
a. ________________.- tubes that are actually an extension of the renal pelvis that
b. ________________.- when filled with urine, is a somewhat pear shaped organ; it has
c. ________________- .it is the terminal portion of the urinary system that serves as a
d. ._______________- main organ of the urinary system where filtration and urine
formation happens
II. Match the kidney structures written inside the table with the descriptions given below.
________________________
C. Urine Formation
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3. Tubular Secretion-_______________________________________________
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Explain
2. A nursing student did an experiment with his urinary system. He drank 2L of water in 5
minutes and then monitored the rate of urine production and concentration over the
next two hours. What did he observe? Explain the major mechanisms involved.
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3. How do changes in blood pressure in the glomerulus affect the volume of filtrate
produced?
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Extend
I. Compare and contrast the male and female urethra as to their function, length and number of
sphincters present.
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III. Match the diseases and abnormalities commonly associated with the urinary system with the
most appropriate description:
E. Cystitis
1. Inflammation of the bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending urinary tract infections.
2. Polyuria and polydipsia caused by inadequate secretion of vasopressin (ADH) by the posterior pituitary
gland (Neurohypophysis).
5. Crystalline masses are present in the pelvis of the kidney composed primarily of urates, oxalates,
phosphates, and carbonates of varying size.
6. Inflammation of the kidney including the glomeruli, renal tubules, and interstitial tissue.
7. Failure of the kidneys to perform their essential functions. Usually less than 10% o total kidney function.
Evaluate
I. Identification
____________________5. It is a hallow, muscular tube that carries urine from the renal pelvis.
____________________7. It is the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body.
____________________9. It is the term for the condition wherein urine is excreted with blood.
II. Two Tier Test. Encircle the letter corresponding to your chosen answer then rephrase the
chosen statement to make it correct.
b. From the bladder, sensory impulses travel to the sacral spinal cord
Rephrase: _____________________________________________________________
Worksheet 16
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Engage
With the help of medical dictionary, give the definition of the following “foreign-sounding”
terms related to the reproductive system.
1. Cryptorchidism- __________________________________________________
2. Pubertas paecox- _________________________________________________
3. Corpus luteum- ___________________________________________________
4. Corpora Cavernosa- _______________________________________________
5. Zona pellucida- ___________________________________________________
6. Gynecomastia- ___________________________________________________
7. Coitus interruptus- ________________________________________________
Explore
In this last activity, you will be exploring the differences between the male and female
reproductive system. In these differences, you will also learn how they complement each other
as they perform their main biological function that is perpetuate species.
The functions of the male reproductive system include the production and transport of
male gametes called ________________, and the production of male sex hormone called
___________________. The primary organs consist of the _______________, which are
suspended within a sac of skin and thin fibromuscular tissue called; a series of ducts; and a
number of glands.
II. Complete the table below with the desired information regarding the organs/structures
of the male reproductive system, their respective anatomy and physiology.
Copulatory organ
Epididymis
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
The primary organ of the female reproductive system is the ______________ that
produces the female germ cell called _____________, and secretes female sex hormones
called ___________________ and _______________.
II. Complete the table below with the desired information regarding the organs/structures
of the male reproductive system, their respective anatomy and physiology.
Copulatory organ
Small masses of erectile tissue
Ovary
Site of fertilization
Uterus
Explain
2. Birth control pills for women contain estrogen and progesterone compounds. Explain
how these hormones can prevent pregnancy?
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3. Explain the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles in the scrotum.
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4. During menopause, which hormones are reduced in the blood and which are increased?
Explain its effect.
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Extend
Identify and briefly discuss the different methods of preventing or terminating pregnancy
under each category.
A. Behavioral Methods
B. Barrier Methods
C. Chemical Methods
D. Surgical Methods
Evaluate
II. Essay
Everything is connected to everything else. How is this manifested in the systems of the body?
Account for the interrelationship among the reproductive, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular
systems.
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