HYDRAULICS ENGINEERIG

DESIGN NO. 2
To Estimate Live Storage Capacity of Reservoir for Various Operational
Scenarios.

2.1. OBJECTIVES
i- To estimate the live storage capacity of a reservoir
ii- To plot mass curve
iii- To decide the emptying and filling time of a reservoir

2.2. RELATED THEORY

2.2.1. Full reservoir level (FRL)
The full reservoir level (FRL) is the highest water level to which the water surface will rise
during normal operating conditions.
2.2.2. Maximum water level (MWL)
The maximum water level is the maximum level to which the water surface will rise when the
design flood passes over the spillway.
They reduce the peak or delay the peak.

2.2.3. Minimum pool level

The minimum pool level is the lowest level up to which the water is withdrawn from the
reservoir under ordinary conditions.

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2.2.4. Dead storage

The volume of water held below the minimum pool level is called the dead storage. It is
provided to cater for the sediment deposition by the impounding sediment laid in water.
Normally it is equivalent to volume of sediment expected to be deposited in the reservoir
during the design life reservoir.

2.2.5. Live/useful storage

The volume of water stored between the full reservoir level (FRL) and the minimum pool
level is called the useful storage. It assures the supply of water for specific period to meet the
demand.
2.2.6. Flood/Surcharge storage
It is storage contained between maximum reservoir level and full reservoir levels. It varies
with spillway capacity of dam for given design flood.

2.2.7. Bank storage

It is developed in the voids of soil cover in the reservoir area. It becomes available as seepage
of water when water levels drops down. It increases the reservoir capacity over and above
that given by elevation storage curves.

2.2.8. Valley storage

The volume of water held by the natural river channel in its valley up to the top of its banks
before the construction of a reservoir is called the valley storage. The valley storage depends
upon the cross section of the river.
2.2.9. Yield from a reservoir
Yield is the volume of water, which can be withdrawn from a reservoir in a specified period
of time.
2.2.10. Safe yield (Firm yield)
Safe yield is the maximum quantity of water, which can be supplied from a reservoir in a
specified period of time during a critical dry year.

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2.2.11. Secondary yield

It is the quantity of water, which is available during the period of high flow in the rivers when
the yield is more than the safe yield.

2.2.12. Average yield

The average yield is the arithmetic average of the firm yield and the secondary yield over a
long period of time.

2.2.13. Design yield

The design yield is the yield adopted in the design of a reservoir. The design yield is usually
fixed after considering the urgency of the water needs and the amount of risk involved.

2.2.14. Uniform Draw off (UDO)

It is the amount of water withdrawn from a reservoir uniformly during a time period.

∑ inflow volume
UDO =
No. of data set

2.2.15. How to decide the Live Storage Capacity of a reservoir?

It is based on the availability and demand. It is the smaller value of deficit or surplus. For
UDO case, both deficit and surplus are the same.

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2.3. PROBLEM

For the following set of data, estimate

1) Live Storage Capacity
2) Plot Mass Curve
3) Decide Suitable Emptying and Filing
For Following Operational Scenarios
1) Constant Maximum Supply (UDO)
2) Specified Flows

1 2 3 Specified Outflows

Losses
Time In Flows (a) (b) For UDO
Percentages

(weeks) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (MCM)

4 60
8 90 R/15 100 + R
12 130
16 170
20 220 R/10 130 + R
24 290
Constant
28 350 150 + R
UDO
32 410 R/5 250 + R
36 550
40 400
44 380
R/12 150 + R
48 200
52 100

2.4. TEST PROCEDURE

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2.5. CALCULATIONS
CASE – I

FOR UNIFORM DRAW OFF

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Net
In In Flow Cumulative Cumulative
Time Losses In UDO Surplus Deficit
Flows Volume In Flows Out Flows
Flows

(weeks) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM)

4 60 0.520 59.48 143.89 143.89 4885.3704 4885.37 ___ 4741.48

8 90 0.780 89.22 431.68 575.58 4885.3704 9770.74 ___ 4453.69

12 130 1.127 128.87 935.31 1510.89 4885.3704 14656.11 ___ 3950.06

16 170 2.210 167.79 1623.67 3134.56 4885.3704 19541.48 ___ 3261.70

20 220 2.860 217.14 2626.53 5761.08 4885.3704 24426.85 ___ 2258.84

24 290 3.770 286.23 4154.69 9915.77 4885.3704 29312.22 ___ 730.68

28 350 9.100 340.90 5772.94 15688.71 4885.3704 34197.59 887.57 ___

32 410 10.660 399.34 7728.67 23417.37 4885.3704 39082.96 2843.30 ___

36 550 14.300 535.70 11663.69 35081.06 4885.3704 43968.33 6778.32 ___

40 400 4.333 395.67 9571.97 44653.03 4885.3704 48853.70 4686.60 ___

44 380 4.117 375.88 10002.71 54655.74 4885.3704 53739.07 5117.34 ___

48 200 2.167 197.83 5743.18 60398.92 4885.3704 58624.44 857.81 ___

52 100 1.083 98.92 3110.89 63509.82 4885.3704 63509.82 ___ 1774.48

TOTAL 21170.93406 21170.93

 Design Capacity = 21175 MCM

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80000

MASS CURVE
70000
CUMULATIE FLOWS / OUTFLOWS (MCM)

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000
Outflows
Inflows
10000

0
4 14 24 34 44 54
TIME (WEEKS)

14000

EMPTYING AND FILLING

12000
Surplus Period
(Filling)
INFLOWS / OUTFLOWS (MCM)

10000

Deficit Period
8000 (Emptying) Outflows
Inflows
6000

4000

2000

0
4 14 24 34 44 54
TIME (WEEKS)

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CASE – II (Scenario-a)

FOR SPECIFIED OUTFLOWS ( Scenario-a)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Net
In In Flow Cumulative Out Out Cumulative
Time Losses In Surplus Deficit
Flows Volume In Flows Flows Flows Out Flows
Flows

(weeks) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (MCM) (MCM) (m3/s) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM)

4 60 0.520 59.48 143.89 143.89 163.00 394.33 394.33 ___ 250.44

8 90 0.780 89.22 431.68 575.58 163.00 788.66 1182.99 ___ 356.98

12 130 1.127 128.87 935.31 1510.89 163.00 1182.99 2365.98 ___ 247.68

16 170 2.210 167.79 1623.67 3134.56 163.00 1577.32 3943.30 46.35 ___

20 220 2.860 217.14 2626.53 5761.08 163.00 1971.65 5914.94 654.88 ___

24 290 3.770 286.23 4154.69 9915.77 163.00 2365.98 8280.92 1788.71 ___

28 350 9.100 340.90 5772.94 15688.71 163.00 2760.31 11041.23 3012.63 ___

32 410 10.660 399.34 7728.67 23417.37 163.00 3154.64 14195.87 4574.03 ___

36 550 14.300 535.70 11663.69 35081.06 163.00 3548.97 17744.83 8114.72 ___

40 400 4.333 395.67 9571.97 44653.03 163.00 3943.30 21688.13 5628.68 ___

44 380 4.117 375.88 10002.71 54655.74 163.00 4337.63 26025.75 5665.08 ___

48 200 2.167 197.83 5743.18 60398.92 163.00 4731.96 30757.71 1011.23 ___

52 100 1.083 98.92 3110.89 63509.82 163.00 5126.28 35883.99 ___ 2015.39

TOTAL 28006.37 2870.485

 Design Capacity = 2875 MCM

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80000

MASS CURVE
70000

60000
CUMULATIE FLOWS (MCM)

50000

40000

30000

20000
Outflows
Inflows
10000

0
4 14 24 34 44 54
TIME (WEEKS)

14000

EMPTYING AND FILLING

12000
CUMULATIE FLOWS (MCM)

10000 Surplus Period

(Filling)

8000 Outflows
Inflows
6000 Deficit Period
(Emptying)

4000

2000

0
4 14 24 34 44 54
TIME (WEEKS)

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CASE – II (Scenario-b)

FOR SPECIFIED OUTFLOWS ( Scenario-b)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Net
In In Flow Cumulative Out Out Cumulative
Time Losses In Surplus Deficit
Flows Volume In Flows Flows Flows Out Flows
Flows

(weeks) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (MCM) (MCM) (m3/s) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM) (MCM)

4 60 0.520 59.48 143.89 143.89 113.00 273.37 273.37 ___ 129.48

8 90 0.780 89.22 431.68 575.58 113.00 546.74 820.11 ___ 115.06

12 130 1.127 128.87 935.31 1510.89 113.00 820.11 1640.22 115.20 ___

16 170 2.210 167.79 1623.67 3134.56 143.00 1383.78 3024.00 239.89 ___

20 220 2.860 217.14 2626.53 5761.08 143.00 1729.73 4753.73 896.80 ___

24 290 3.770 286.23 4154.69 9915.77 143.00 2075.67 6829.40 2079.01 ___

28 350 9.100 340.90 5772.94 15688.71 263.00 4453.75 11283.15 1319.19 ___

32 410 10.660 399.34 7728.67 23417.37 263.00 5090.00 16373.15 2638.67 ___

36 550 14.300 535.70 11663.69 35081.06 263.00 5726.25 22099.39 5937.44 ___

40 400 4.333 395.67 9571.97 44653.03 163.00 3943.30 26042.69 5628.68 ___

44 380 4.117 375.88 10002.71 54655.74 163.00 4337.63 30380.31 5665.08 ___

48 200 2.167 197.83 5743.18 60398.92 163.00 4731.96 35112.27 1011.23 ___

52 100 1.083 98.92 3110.89 63509.82 163.00 5126.28 40238.55 ___ 2015.39

TOTAL 22200.29 2259.927

 Design Capacity = 2260 MCM

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 HYDRAULICS ENGINEERIG

80000

MASS CURVE
70000

60000
CUMULATIE FLOWS (MCM)

50000

40000

30000

20000
Outflows
Inflows
10000

0
4 14 24 34 44 54
TIME (WEEKS)

14000

EMPTYING AND FILLING

12000
CUMULATIE FLOWS (MCM)

10000
Surplus Period
(Filling)
Outflows
8000
Inflows
Deficit Period
6000
(Emptying)

4000

2000

0
4 14 24 34 44 54
TIME (WEEKS)

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