ARDUINO BASED SOFT START FOR

INDUCTION MOTOR
INTRODUCTION:

This project goal is to achieve soft start control technique for a single-
phase A.C. induction motor. It presents design of a low-cost; high-efficiency drive
capable of supplying single-phase a.c. induction motor with PWM modulated
sinusoidal voltage during start. Circuit operation is controlled by an 8051 family
microcontroller.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

BLOCK DESCRIPTION:
The device is aimed at substituting conventional triac phase angle control
drives. Circuit is capable of supplying single-phase a.c. induction motor (or
general a.c. inductive/resistive load) with varying a.c. voltage at the start. Similar
to triac control, voltage applied to load is varied from zero to maximum value in a

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small span of time during start. On the other hand, it uses a pulse width
modulation technique (PWM), and when compared with phase angle control used
for triacs, it produces much lower high order harmonics. Thus, it suits EMC/EMI
regulations much better. Because circuit is aimed at low-cost, low/medium-power
applications, it does not use a conventional converter topology to produce the
output voltage waveform. It directly modulates the mains a.c. voltage. Compared
with costly converter, it requires a lower number of active and passive power
components. In summary, the device attempted here takes advantage of both the
low price of the phase angle control and the low harmonic content and high
efficiency that we can get with standard converter topology. The drive uses a
PWM controlled MOSFET and the load in series with a bridge rectifier. This
drive based on this new control technique is targeted for use in consumer and
industrial products: washing machine, dishwashers, ventilators, compressors, and
wherever the system cost is a consideration.

Input terminals of rectifying bridge are connected in series to load. Output

terminal (rectified side) has a power transistor (IGBT, MOSFET or bipolar)
connected across them. When power transistor is off, current cannot flow through
the rectifying bridge and load which is in series remains in an off-state. When
power transistor is on, bridge output terminals are short-circuited, then current can
flow through the rectifying bridge and thus through the load. Thus by changing
duty cycle of PWM pulses to the power switch, the power to the load is
controlled. Special care is taken in the circuit such that PWM pulses are
synchronized with supply phase by zero voltage sensing points.

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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

1. 8051 series Microcontroller

2. LM358

3. Opto- isolators

4. MOSFET

5. Push Button

6. Transformer

7. Diodes

8. Voltage Regulator

9. Resistors

10. Capacitors

11. Zener

12. Crystal

13. Lamp