Telencephalon

The Cortex
Location
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Precentral gyrus and rostral
adjacent cortex
Superior parietal lobule
Superior, middle frontal
gyri, medial frontal lobe
Superior, middle frontal
gyri, medial frontal lobe
Banks of calcarine fissure
Medial and lateral occipital
gyri
Inferior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Functional Area Function
Primary somatosensory Touch, body awareness
cortex
Primary motor cortex Voluntary movement
control
Posterior parietal Stereognosia
association area, tertiary
somatic sensory cortex
Supplementary motor Limb and eye movement
cortex, supplementary eye planning
fields, premotor area,
frontal eye fields
Posterior parietal Visuomotor, perception
association area
Frontal eye fields Saccadic eye movements
Prefrontal association Thought, cognition,
cortex, frontal eye fields movement planning
Primary visual cortex Vision
Secondary visual cortex Vision, depth perception
Visual inferotemporal area Form vision
Visual inferotemporal area Form vision
Superior temporal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus, subcallosal
area, retrosplenial area,
parahippocampus gyrus
Parahippocampus gyrus
Middle and inferior
temporal gyri at junction
between temporal and
occipital lobes
Temporal pole
Inferior parietal lobule
(angular gyrus)
Inferior parietal lobule
(supramarginal gyrus)
Heschl’s gyri and superior
temporal gyrus
Heschl’s gyri and superior
temporal gyrus
Insular cortex,
frontoparietal operculum
Inferior frontal gyrus
(frontal operculum)
Inferior frontal gyrus
(frontal operculum)
Middle frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
(frontal operculum)
Higher order auditory
cortex
Limbic association cortex
Primary olfactory cortex,
limbic association cortex
Parietal-temporal-occipital
association cortex; middle
temporal visual area
Primary olfactory cortex,
limbic association cortex
Parietal-temporal-occipital
association cortex
Parietal-temporal-occipital
association cortex
Primary auditory cortex
Secondary auditory cortex
Gustatory cortex
Broca’s area, lateral
premotor cortex
Prefrontal association
cortex
Prefrontal association
cortex (dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex)
Prefrontal association
cortex
Hearing, speech
Emotions
Smell, emotions
Perception, vision, reading,
speech
Smell, emotions
Perception, vision, reading,
speech
Perception, vision, reading,
speech
Hearing
Hearing
Taste
Speech, movement planning
Thought, cognition,
planning behavior
Thought, cognition,
planning behavior, aspects
of eye movement control
Thought, cognition,
planning behavior
Diencephalon – location and function

Location Functional Area Function

Just below corpus callosum Thalamus Transmits information from
subcortical structures to
cerebral cortex
Beneath thalamus Hypothalamus Integrates functions of
autonomic nervous system
an controls endocrine
hormone release from
pituitary gland
Mesencephalon (midbrain)

1: dotted line encircles tegmentum

2. basis pedunculi/corticospinal tract
3. substantia nigra
4. central tegmental tract
5. tectum (superior colliculus)
Location Functional Area Function
Dorsal region of Tectum Superior Visual receptors -
mesencephalon colliculus regulate the reflexive
movement of the Eyes
and Head, in response to
a number of different
stimuli
Inferior Auditory receptors -
colliculus Neurons conducting
impulses from the
structures of the Inner
Ear to the Brain, all
synapse in the Inferior
Colliculi.
Ventral region of Tegmentum Ascending Tracts from
mesencephalon the Spinal Cord to the
Brain and also contains
the paired Red Nuclei
Controls motor
functions
Regulates awareness and
attention
Regulates some
autonomic functions
Red nucleus Unconscious Regulation
and Coordination of
Motor Activities.
Substantia nigra coordinating muscle
tone and movement

Metencephalon

Location Functional Area Function

Ventral pons pons relays messages to and
from the
myelencephalon and
cerebrum.  It also sends
messages to the
cerebellum and
regulates the rate of
breathing.
Above the basilar Pontine tegmentum Regulation of bladder
region that forms function
the floor of the Regulates
fourth ventricle consciousness

Base of brain cerebellum regulates movements

of eyes and limbs
helps us to maintain
posture and balance
stereotyped movements
Inferior Conducts information
peduncles regarding the position
of body parts to the
cerebellum
Middle Conducts information
peduncles from the cerebral
cortex regarding the
desired position of
these parts to the
cerebellum
Superior Conducts impulses
peduncles regarding the
aforementioned data to
the mesencephalon

Brain Stem

Location Functional Area Function

midbrain
Just above enlargement of spinal
cord
Enlargement at top of spinal cord
Tectum/tegmentum
pons contains centers for the control of
vital processes, including
respiration and cardiovascular
functions. It also is involved in
the coordination of eye
movements and balance.
medulla contains centers for the control of
vital processes such as heart rate,
respiration, blood pressure, and
swallowing.
Myelencephalon

Location Functional Area Function

Enlargement at top of spinal cord
Medulla oblongata Cardiac center – controls heart
rate
Respiratory center - Helps
regulate rhythm, rate, and depth
of breathing with the pons.
Vasomotor center - Controls
vasoconstriction and vasodilation
(the contraction and dilation of
blood vessels, respectively).
Ventricles
Cingulate gyrus – part of the limbic system (emotion)