Bamv 201

BAMI-301
laxhr foKku
ch0,00 la
lxhr¼Lojok|½ & r`rh; o"kZ
o"
laxhr foHkkx
foHk & ekufodh fo|k'k
k'kk[kk
mRrjk[k.M
M eqeDr fo”ofo|ky;]
;] gY}kuh
g
BAMI-301
laxhr foKku
ch0,00 la
lxhr¼Lojok|½ & r`rh; o"kZ
laxhr foHkkx
foHkk & ekufodh fo|k'k
|k'kk[kk
mRrj
Rrjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky;]
rhuikuh ckbZikl jksM] VªkUliksVZ uxj ds ihNs]
gY}kuh & 263139
Qksu ua0 % 05946&286000@01@02 02
QSDl ua0 % 05946&264232]
Vksy Qzh ua0 % 18001804025
bZ&esy % info@uo
o@uou.ac.in osclkbZV % www.uou.ac.in
www.
fo”ks’kK lfefr
izks0 xksfoUn flag izks0 lR;Hkku 'kekZ Jh lrh'k JhokLro
funs'kd&ekufodh fo|k'kk[kk] iwoZ foHkkxk/;{k] laxhr foHkkx] iwoZ foHkkxk/;{k] laxhr foHkkx]
mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky;] n;kyckx fo'ofo|ky;] Mh0th0 dkyst] dkuiqj
gY}kuh] uSuhrky n;kyckx
MkWa0 xhrk tks”kh MkWa0 fot; d`".k¼vk-l-½ f}ts'k mik/;k;

iz/kkuk/;kfidk] iwoZ ofj0 vdknfed ijke'kZnkrk] vdknfed ijke'kZnkrk]
efgyk egkfo|ky;] mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky;] mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky;]
lrhdq.M] gfj}kj gY}kuh] uSuhrky gY}kuh] uSuhrky
ikB~;dze la;kstu ,oa laiknu

MkWa0 fot; d`".k f}ts'k mik/;k;
iwoZ ofj0 vdknfed ijke'kZnkrk] vdknfed ijke'kZnkrk]
mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky;] mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky;]
gY}kuh] uSuhrky gY}kuh] uSuhrky
bdkbZ ys[ku
1- MkWa0 egs”k ik.Ms izFke [k.M+ & bdkbZ 1] 2] 3 o 4
2- MkW0 fueZyk tks”kh ,oa f}rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 1
Jh lrh”k JhokLro
3- MkWa0 js[kk “kkg f}rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 3
4- MkWa0 pUnz”ks[kj frokjh f}rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 2
r`rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 1 o 2
5- MkWa0 fot; d`’.k r`rh; [k.M+ & bdkbZ 3
dkihjkbV % @mRRkjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky;

laLdj.k % lhfer forj.k gsrq iwoZ izdk”ku izfr
izdk”ku o’kZ % tqykbZ 2013] iquizZdk”ku&tqykbZ 2016
izdk”kd % funs”kky;] v/;;u ,oa izdk”ku
mRRkjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky;] gY}kuh] uSuhrky&263139
bZ&esy : books@uou.ac.in
bl lkexzh ds fdlh Hkh va”k dks mRRkjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky;] gY}kuh dh fyf[kr vuqefr ds fcuk fdlh Hkh
:i esa vFkok fefe;ksxzkQh pdzeqnz.k }kjk ;k vU;= iqu% izLrqr djus dh vuqefr ugha gSA
ch0,0 laxhr¼Lojok|½ & r`rh; o"kZ
laxhr foKku & ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
[k.M 1 & Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl] Jqfr ,oa Loj dk foLrkjiwoZd o.kZu o lakxhfrd
“kCnksa dh O;k[;k
bdkbZ 1 & Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl&e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rdA i`"B 1&12
bdkbZ 2 & Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkV i)frA i`"B 13&22
bdkbZ 3 & Jqfr ,oa Loj dh O;k[;k izkphu] e/;dkyhu o orZeku fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj( nf{k.k Hkkjrh;
laxhr dk laf{kIr ifjp;A i`"B 23&38
bdkbZ 4 & ekxhZ laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] uk;d] xk;d] okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr] xhr] xU/koZ] xku]
vfojHkko] frjksHkko] dkdq o rkuA i`"B 39&53
[k.M 2 & jkx foLrkj] thou ifjp; ,oa fucU/k ys[ku

bdkbZ 1 & Loj ok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh( ikB~;dze ds jkxksa dk ifjp;] Loj foLrkj ,oa Loj
lewg ds ek/;e ls jkx igpkuukA i`"B 54&66
bdkbZ 2 & laxhrKksa¼m0 foyk;r [kka] m0 bfy;kl [kka] ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k] 'kju jkuh o m0 vetn
vyh [kka½ dk thou ifjp;A i`"B 67&72
bdkbZ 3 & laxhr lEcU/kh fo’k;ksa ij fucU/kA i`"B 73&80
[k.M 3 & Lojfyfi o rkyfyfi esa fy[kuk

bdkbZ 1 & ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa eas elhr[kkuh xr¼rksMksa lfgr½ dks fyfic) djukA i`"B 81&93
bdkbZ 2 & ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa eas jtk[kkuh xr¼rksMksa lfgr½ dks fyfic) djukA i`"B 94&106
bdkbZ 3 & ikB~;dze dh rkyksa dk ifjp; ,oa mudks y;dkjh¼nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu½ lfgr fyfic)
djukA i`"B 107&115
Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdkÃ 1 & Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl¼e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd½
1-1 izLrkouk
1-2 mn~ns”;
1-3 e/;dky esa laxhr
1-3-1 eqfLye izos”k ;qx
1-3-2 laxhr xzaFk
1-4 vk/kqfud dky
1-4-1 laxhr fodkl ds dk;Z
1-4-2 orZeku f”k{kk dk Lo:i
1-5 lkjka”k
1-6 “kCnkoyh
1-7 vH;kl iz”uksa ds mRrj
1-8 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
1-9 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh
1-10 fucU/kkRed iz”u
1-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh igyh
bdkbZ gSA blls iwoZ dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds Ik'pkr vki crk ldrs gSa fd izkphu dky esa laxhr
fdruk egRoiw.kZ ,oa le`) fo’k; ds :Ik esa izpyu esa FkkA ml le; ds v/;;u ls laxhr lEcU/kh
vusd lw=ksa dk irk pyrk gS ftuds }kjk ml ;qx esa laxhr dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa] iz;ksxksa ,oa
tuekul esa laxhr ds izfr vuqjkx ij izdk”k iM+rk gSA
bl bdkbZ esa e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd ds Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ij
izdk”k Mkyk x;k gSA bl bdkbZ esa ml dky esa laxhr dh fLFkfr] xk;u] oknu dh fofHkUu “kSfy;ksa
,oa mudk iz;ksx ds fo’k; esa crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki e/;dkyhu ,oa vk/kqfud dkyhu le; esa miyC/k
lkaxhfrd lkexzh dks le> ldsaxs rFkk izkphu laxhr ls bu dkyksa dk lEcU/k LFkkfir dj
rqyukRed v/;;u Hkh dj ldsaxsA vki bu dkyksa esa miyC/k laxhr f”k{kk ds Lo:Ik] fofHkUu “kkL=ksa
,oa izfl) laxhrKksa dh le`) ijEijk dks Hkh le> ldasxsA
1-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki %&
Û crk ldasxs fd e/;dky ,oa vk/kqfud dky esa izpfyr xk;u] oknu dh fofHkUu “kSfy;ksa ,oa
mudk iz;ksx fdl :Ik esa fd;k tkrk FkkA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd orZeku le; esa laxhr dh tks fLFkfr ,oa Lo:Ik gS og e/;dky ds Ik”pkr
fdl izdkj ls ifjofrZr gksrk vk;k gSA
Û crk ldsaxs fd e/;dky ds le; esa eq[; :Ik ls Hkkjrh; laxhr dh ikjEifjd “kSyh esa fons”kh
“kkldksa }kjk vusd iz;ksx fd, x, ftlls laxhr ds {ks= esa ,d uohu Lo:Ik dk vkfoHkkZo gqvkA
Û crk ldsaxs fd vk/kqfud dky rd izos”k djrs&djrs Hkkjrh; laxhr us lkaLd`frd] lS)kfUrd ,oa
iz;ksxkRed n`f’V ls fdl Lo:Ik dks xzg.k fd;kA
1 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
1-3 e/;dky
Hkkjr ,d izQqfYyr vkSj le`+)”kkyh ns”k gksus ds dkj.k fonsf”k;kas us bl ij geys “kq: dj
fn,A bu geyksa dk eq[; mn~ns”; Hkkjr dks ywVuk FkkA bu geykojksa esa xt+uoh us pkj ckj geys
fd,A bu dkj.kksa ls Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] /kkfeZd vkSj lkaLd`frd vFkZO;oLFkk u’V gqbZA
Hkkjrh; tu&lk/kkj.k dk thou vR;f/kd nq[knk;h gks x;kA bruk gh ugha] Hkkjrh; laLd`fr vkSj
lH;rk dh ekSfyd ijEijk dks u’V djds viuh laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk dk izeq[k vax] laxhr Hkh
mldh pisV esa vk x;kA lkfgR; vkSj laxhr dk vk/;kfRed okrkoj.k Jàxkfjr izo`fÙk esa cny x;kA
11oha “krkCnh ls ysdj 18oha “krkCnh rd pkgs fonsf”k;ksa dk jkT; jgk gks ;k fQj fdlh vkSj dk]
ijUrq fQj Hkh bl dky esa cgqr lkjs lkaxhfrd xzUFkksa dh jpuk dh xbZA tSls&laxhr jRukdj] xhr
xksfoUn] jkx rjafx.kh¼ykspu½] Lojesydykfuf/k¼jkekekR;½] jkxekyk] jkx eatjh] jkx focks/k¼iq.Mjhd
foB~By½] laxhr ikfjtkr¼vgkscy½] laxhr niZ.k¼ia- nkeksnj½] ân; dkSrqd¼ân; ukjk;.k½] vuwi laxhr
jRukdj¼vuwi½] laxhr foykl] vuqizdk”k¼Hkko HkV~V½ bR;kfnA
1-3-1 eqfLye izos”k ;qx & e/;dky ds vUrxZr eq[;r% f[kyth] rqxyd] yks/kh vkSj eqxy “kkldksa
dk jkT; jgkA laxhr dks ,sfrgkfld fodkl dh n`f’V ls eq[; :Ik ls rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k
tk ldrk gSA
1- laxhr dykdkj
2- lkaxhfrd xzUFk
3- laxhr ds fy, izksRlkgu
• f[kyth dky esa laxhr dykdkj & f[kyth dky esa vehj [kqljks vkSj xksiky uk;d tSls
mPpdksfV ds laxhr dykdkj FksA
• vehj [kqljks & ;g vykmn~nhu ds njckj ds izeq[k jRu esa ls FksA [kqljks Qkjlh ds izfl) dfo
vkSj egku laxhrdkj FksA [kqljks us Hkkjrh; laxhr ij bZjkuh laxhr dk lqesy fd;kA “Hazrat
Amir Khusro introduce a number of Ragas by combining the Persian Muqqams in Indian
Ragas.” blesa ls lktfxjh ljijnk] ;eu dY;k.k] jkr dh iwfj;k] iwohZ vkfn dk uke fo”ks’k rkSj
ij o.kZu ;ksX; gSA
fo”ks’k lkaxhfrd “kSfy;ka % vehj [kqljks dks dkSy] dyokuk] dOokyh] xt+y vkSj rjkuk vkfn dk
vkfo’dkjd ekuk tkrk gSA
fo”ks’k rkysa % QjksnLr] i”rks] lokjh] lwyQkDrk] vkM+kpkSrky] >wejk vkfn rkyksa dk vkfo’dkjd Hkh
vehj [kqljks dks ekuk tkrk gSA
ok| % flrkj vkSj rcys ds vkfo’dkj dk Js; Hkh vehj [kqljks dks gh fn;k tkrk gSA blds ckjs esa
fo}kuksa ds fofHkUu er gSaA ;fn budks vkfo’dkjd u Hkh ekuk tk, rks Hkh ;g t:j dgk tk ldrk
gS fd vehj [kqljks us bu ok|ksa ds izpkj ds fy, fo”ks’k ;Ru fd,A vehj [kqljks us viuk lkjk
thou gh laxhr ds fy, lefiZr dj fn;kA
• xksiky uk;d & f[kyth dky ds nwljs laxhrdkj xksiky uk;d FksA xksiky uk;d nsofxfj
jkT; ds izfl) xk;d FksA 1294 bZ- esa vykmn~nhu us nsofxfj ij geyk fd;k vkSj fot; izkIr dhA
fot; izkIr djus ds ckn og] ogka ds cgqr lkjs xk;dksa dks cUnh cukdj fnYyh ys x;k D;ksafd og
laxhr&izseh FkkA xksiky uk;d laxhr ds fØ;kRed i{k esa gh mRre ugha Fks cfYd laxhr ds
lS)kfUrd i{kksa dk Hkh HkyhHkkafr Kku j[krs FksA bUgkasus [;ky “kSyh ds fodkl ds fy, cgqr ;Ru
fd,A cMgal] ihyw vkfn jkxksa dk vkfo’dkjd budks ekuk tkrk FkkA xksiky uk;d NUn izcU/k
xk;u ds mRre xk;d FksA muds laxhr dh izflf) vke turk esa cgqr izpfyr FkhA vykmn~nhu

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
f[kyth pkgrs Fks fd fo}ku vehj [kqljks muls vf/kd izflf) gkfly djsaA vykmn~nhu f[kyth us
vehj [kqljks vkSj xksiky uk;d dk ,d laxhr eqdkcyk djok;kA eqdkcys dh “krZ ;g Fkh fd nksuksa
,d&nwljs dk xk;u ugha lqusaxsA eqdkcys dk vkjEHk xksiky uk;d ds xk;u ls fd;k x;kA xksiky
uk;d us xk;u ds vUr esa xhre~ xk;k tks mudh viuh vkfo’dkj dh gqbZ jpuk FkhA vehj [kqljks
us ;g lkjk xk;u lquk vkSj xhre ds vk/kkj ij u{k] dkSy] fdyokuk vkfn jpuk,a cukdj yksxksa
dks lquokbZ vkSj bl rjg vehj [kqljks dks mRre xk;d dh inoh nh xbZA
• f[kyth dky esa lkaxhfrd xzUFk & vykmn~nhu f[kyth ds le; esa ia- “kkjaxnso us laxhr
jRukdj] t;nso us xhr xksfoUn uked xzUFk dh jpuk dhA
laxhr jRukdj % ia- “kkjaxnso dk le; 1210 bZ- ls ysdj 1247 bZ- ds e/; esa ekuk tkrk gSA ;g
nsofxfj¼nkSyrckn½ ;kno oa”kh jktk ds njckjh laxhrdkj FksA bUgksaus laxhr jRukdj uked xzUFk dh
jpuk dh] ftldks dsoy mRrjh Hkkjrh; laxhr esa gh ugha cfYd nf{k.kh laxhr esa Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ
xzUFk ekuk tkrk gSA ;g xzUFk eq[; :Ik ls lkr v/;k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
1- Lojk/;k;
2- Rkkyk/;k;
3- Okk|k/;k;
4- u`R;k/;k;
5- jkxk/;k;
6- izcU/kk/;k;
7- izdh.kZdk/;k;
bl xzUFk esa rhuksa dykvksa xk;u] oknu o Uk`R; dk iw.kZ fooj.k feyrk gSA ;g “kq) vkSj
fod`r Lojksa dh la[;k 12 ekurs gSaA bUgksaus Hkjr dh rjg 18 tkfr;ka ekuh ijUrq tkfr;ksa ds y{k.k
crkrs le; rhu vkSj y{k.k tksM+ fn,] ftlls bu tkfr;ksa ds dqy 13 y{k.k crk, x,A bUgksaus
dqy 22 Jqfr;ka ekuh vkSj mu ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk 4&3&2&4&4&3&2 ds vuqlkj djrs gq, ‘kM~Tk
dks pkSFkh Jqfr ij dk;e fd;kA mUgksaus nlfof/k jkx oxhZdj.k ds vUrxZr xzke] jkx] mijkx] jkx
Hkk’kk] foHkk’kk] vUrj Hkk’kk] jkxkax] fØ;kax] Hkk’kkax] mikax vkfn dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ok| v/;k; esa
bUgkasus pkjksa izdkj ds ok|ksa ds ckjs esa o.kZu fd;k gSA tcfd jkx v/;k; esa 200 ls Åij jkxksa dk
o.kZu fd;k gSA
xhr xksfoUn % xhr xksfoUn dh jpuk 12oha “krkCnh esa t;nso us dhA vki mPpdksfV ds dfo gksus
ds lkFk&lkFk mRre laxhrdkj Hkh Fks] blfy, budks okXxs;dkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA xhr
xksfoUn t;nso dh vej dykd`fr gSA ;g xzUFk laLd`r esa fy[kk x;k gSA bldk vuqokn nwljh
Hkk’kkvksa esa Hkh gks pqdk gSA bl xzUFk esa jk/kk&d`’.k dh izse&yhykvksa dk Hkh o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA ;g
laxhre;h xzUFk ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd blds inksa ds Åij jkx vkSj rkyksa ds uke vafdr fd, x,
gSaA bl xzUFk dk LFkkbZ Hkko izse gS ijUrq ;g izse nqfu;koh u gksdj vkRek&ijekRek ds feyu dk
izse gSA ;g xzUFk laxhr ds {ks= esa fo”ks’k LFkku j[krk gSA
• ckcj dky esa laxhr & eqxyksa ds lcls igys ckn”kkg ckcj FksA ckcj [kqn ,d vPNk laxhrdkj
FkkA bl dky esa dkyhukFk us Þlaxhr jRukdjß dh Vhdk fy[khA bl dky esa HkfDr vkUnksyu us
tksj idM+kA Hkkjrh;] fonsf”k;ksa ds geys ls ihfM+r gksdj ijekRek dh HkfDr esa yhu gks x,A
HkfDr&vkUnksyu ds izpkjd dchj] jkekUkUn] pSRkU;] ukenso vkSj oS’.ko er ds vuq;k;h vkfn us

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
ijekRek ds xq.kksa dk xk;u laxhr ds ek/;e ls fd;kA D;ksafd HkfDr&vkUnksyu ds izpkjdksa us laxhr
dh vikj “kfDr dk vuqHko dj fy;k FkkA ckcj ;qx esa /kEkZ vkSj laxhr dk lqesy gqvkA
• gqek;w¡ dky esa laxhr & ckcj ds ckn mldk iq= gqek;w¡ xn~nh ij cSBkA gqek;w¡ ds le; esa lwQh
er dk vf/kd izpkj gqvk FkkA lwQh dfo;ksa us Hkh viuh jpukvksa dk laxhr ds ek/;e ls izpkj
fd;kA blds “kklu dky esa dukZVd ds izfl) xzUFkdkj jkekekR; th us ÞLojesy dykfuf/kÞ dh
jpuk dhA
• lqYrku gqlSu “kdhZ dky esa laxhr & tkSuiqj ds jktk gqlSu “kdhZ dk le; Hkh yks/kh dky ds
lkFk gh FkkA dgk tkrk gS fd lqYrku gqlSu “kdhZ us Þ[;ky “kSyhÞ dk vkfo’dkj fd;kA ijUrq
blds ckjs esa Hkh erHksn gSaA blds vkfo’dkj ds ckjs esa pkgs erHksn gSa ijUrq ;g t:j dgk tkrk gS
fd lqYrku gqlSu “kdhZ us Þ[;ky “kSyhß ds izpkj vkSj izlkj ds fy, fo”ks’k ;ksxnku fn;kA bUgksaus
dbZ u, jkxksa dh jpuk dhA tSls tkSuiqjh rksM+h] jlwyh rksM+h] flU/kh HkSjoh] “;ke ds fofHkUu izdkj
tSls eYgkj “;ke] clUr “;ke vkfnA
• ekuflag rksej dky esa laxhr & jktk ekuflag rksej Xokfy;j ds lkFk lEcfU/kr FksA vki cgqr
cM+s laxhr&izseh gh ugha cfYd laxhr ds lS)kfUrd vkSj fØ;kRed i{k ls lEcfU/kr lEesyuksa dk
vk;kstu Hkh fd;k djrs FksA Lo;a jktk ekuflag rksej Hkh bl okn&fookn esa fgLlk ysrs FksA
• vdcj dky esa laxhr & vdcj dk tUe 1542 bZ- esa gqvk FkkA budk “kklu dky 1556 ls
vkjEHk gksrk gSA 1556 bZ- esa tc buds firk gqek;w¡ dh e`R;q gqbZ rc vdcj dh r[riks”kh dh jle
dykuksj esa dh xbZA ml le; vdcj dh vk;q dsoy 14 lky dh FkhA vdcj ,d vPNk “kkld
gksus ds lkFk&lkFk laxhr izseh Hkh FkkA “He is rightly said to be the most enthusiastic lover of
music who rendered all possible help to the musicians in the cultivation and preservation of
Indian music.”
laxhr dk izseh gksus ds dkj.k mlus udkM+k uked ok| dks ctkuk lh[kk vkSj blesa fuiq.krk
gkfly dhA vdcj ds dky esa laxhr dk izpkj ?kj&?kj esa gqvkA bl dky esa laxhr lEcU/kh
fofHkUu i{kksa dks eq[; :Ik ls pkj Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k %&
1- laxhrdkj
2- HkfDr&vkUnksyu ds izpkjd laxhrdkj
3- laxhr&lEesyu
4- laxhr&xzUFk
laxhrdkj % vdcj us vius njckj esa xk;dksa rFkk okndksa dks fo”ks’k :Ik ls Js; fn;kA vdcj
laxhrdkjksa dk cgqr vknj djrk Fkk vkSj le;≤ ij og mUgsa buke nsdj izksRlkfgr Hkh djrk
jgrk FkkA buds njckj esa nwljh fj;klrksa ds dkykdkj Hkh viuh dyk&izn”kZu ds fy, vkrs FksA
buds njckj esa 36 laxhrdkj FksA buesa ls izeq[k laxhrdkjksa tSls & cStw] rkujax [kka] xksiky [kka]
rkulsu] ckck jkenkl] lwjnkl] cgknqj] Lokeh gfjnkl vkfn ds ckjs esa foLrkj lfgr o.kZu fd;k tk
jgk gSA
rkulsu % Hkkjrh; laxhr ds {ks= esa rkulsu dks laxhr lezkV dgk tkrk gSA rkulsu }kjk laxhr ds
{ks= esa fn;k x;k ;ksxnku csfelky gSA rkulsu cpiu ls gh cgqr uV[kV FkkA i<+kbZ dh txg
izkd`frd okrkoj.k esa cgqr eu yxkrk Fkk vkSj tkuojksa dh vkokt dh udy djus esa fuiq.k FkkA
,d ckj Lokeh gfjnkl th viuh f”k’;&e.Myh ds lkFk taxy ls tk jgs Fks] rks rkulsu us mudks
“ksj dh vkokt+ fudkydj Mjk;kA tc Lokeh th dks ;g irk pyk fd ;g vkokt fdlh “ksj dh
ugha fdlh cPps dh gS] rks og mldh ;ksX;rk ls cgqr izHkkfor gq, vkSj mldks viuk f”k’; cukus
dk fu.kZ; fd;kA rkulsu us Lokeh th ls laxhr dh f”k{kk gkfly djus ds ckn laxhr ds {ks= esa

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cgqr fuiq.krk izkIr dhA mudh izflf) dks lqudj jktk jke PkUnz us vkidks njckjh xk;d ds rkSj
ij vius njckj esa j[k fy;kA rkulsu ds le; esa izeq[k xk;u “kSyh /kzqin FkhA rkulsu us vusd
/kzqinksa dh jpuk dh vkSj mudk xk;u fd;kA budh ppkZ vdcj rd Hkh igqaphA 1526 bZ- esa vdcj
us rkulsu dks fnYyh cqyk;kA mudk xk;u lqudj vdcj cgqr izHkkfor gq, vkSj rkulsu dks jRu
dh mikf/k nsdj njckj esa j[k fy;kA
jkx % rkulsu us njckjh dkUgM+k] eh;ka dh rksM+h] fe;ka dh lkjax] fe;ka dh eYgkj vkfn jkxksa dh
jpuk dhA rkulsu ds thou ds lkFk tqM+h gqbZ ,d izfl) ?kVuk gSA vdcj ds njckj esa izfl)
dykdkj rkulsu ls nwljs laxhr dykdkj bZ’;kZ djus yxsA mUgksaus vdcj ckn”kkg dks rkulsu ls
nhid jkx lquus ds fy, dgk D;ksafd og tkurs Fks fd tc rkulsu ;g jkx xkrs Fks rks rfi”k iSnk
gks tkrh FkhA bl jkx dks xkus ds ckn rkulsu dh gkyr cgqr [kjkc gks xbZ vkSj bl xehZ dks de
djus ds fy, rkulsu dh iq=h us eYgkj jkx x;kA bl rjg ds vkSj Hkh mnkgj.k feyrs gSa ftuds
vk/kkj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd rkulsu laxhr ds mPpdksVh ds lk/kd FksA
“kSyh % rkulsu us /kzqin xk;u “kSyh dks mPpdksfV rd igqapk;kA
Oka”k&ijEijk % rkulsu dh xk;u dh fofHkUu “kSfy;ka ?kjkukas ds lkFk tkuh tkrh gSaA muds iq= lwjr
lsu vkSj foykl [kka us mudh laxhr&ijEijk dks vkxs c<+k;kA budk ?kjkuk jckfc;ksa dk ?kjkuk
dgyk;kA budh yM+dh&nkekn] tks oh.kk ctkus esa fuiq.k Fks] chudkj dgyk,A
cStq % cStq Hkh vdcj ds njckj ds izfl) xk;d FksA og Hkh Lokeh gfjnkl ds f”k’; FksA rkulsu
vkSj cStq dh laxhr&izfr;ksfxrk Hkh vDlj gqvk djrh FkhA ftlds ckjs esa dqN fo}kuksa dk er gS fd
vdcj us cStq dk xk;u vf/kd ilUn fd;k Fkk] tcfd vU; fo}ku bl er ls lger ugha gSaA
jkenkl % jkenkl Hkh vdcj ds njckj ds izfl) xk;d FksA bUgksua s jkenklh eYgkj dh jpuk dhA
HkfDr vkUnksyu ds izpkjd % Hkkjr esa HkfDr dh ijEijk cgqr izkphu gSA HkfDr euq’; dks nq%[k] lq[k]
dke] Øks/k] yksHk] eksg] vgadkj vkfn dh Hkkoukvksa ls eqDr djrh gSA HkfDr dk izkphu Lo:Ik osnksa
ds }kjk izkIr gksrk gS] ijUrq e/;dky esa LkEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa HkfDr dh ygj pyh ftldks HkfDr
vkUnksyu dk uke fn;k x;kA HkfDr vkUnksyu ds izpkjdksa us vke turk dks HkfDr ds cqfu;knh
rRoksa dk Kku laxhr ds ek/;e ls fn;kA D;ksafd bu ihjksa&Qdhjksa vkSj larksa us laxhr dks gh viuk
izeq[k lk/ku ekukA e/;dky esa gekjs HkfDr laxhr dh izeq[k foHkwfr;ka ehjkckbZ] lwjnkl] rqylhnkl
vkfn gSaA
Lokeh gfjnkl % Lokeh gfjnkl th rkulsu ds xq: Fks rFkk vk/;kfRed laxhr ds egku laxhrK FksA
Lokeh gfjnkl th us czt Hkk’kk esa vusd /kzqinksa dh jpuk dh vkSj mUgsa xs; :Ik fn;kA ;g dgk tk,
fd Lokeh gfjnkl mRrj Hkkjr ds egku okXxs;dkj Fks rks dksbZ vfr”k;ksfDr ugha gksxhA Lokeh th
xk;u rFkk oknu nksuksa dykvksa esa izoh.k FksA bUgksaus vusd f”k’; rS;kj fd, ftuesa ls rkulsu] cStq
ckojk] xksiky uk;d] enuyky] jkenkl] ia- lkseukFk vkfn dk uke fo”ks’k mYys[kuh; gSA
ehjkckbZ % ehjkckbZ Jh d`’.k dh lPph mikfldk FkhA ehjk us vk/;kfRed inksa vkSj xhrksa dks laxhr
ds :Ik esa <kykA bUgksaus laxhr dh Loj&ygfj;ksa dk xk;u djrs le; djrky] >ka>] eathjk]
,drkjk vkfn ok|ksa dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k vkSj u`R; ds }kjk vius eu ds Hkkoksa dks izdV fd;kA bUgksaus
xk;u] oknu] u`R; rhuksa dykvksa dk lfEefyr :Ik turk ds lkeus izLrqr fd;kA ehjkckbZ ,d Js’B
d`’.k HkDr FkhA mudh HkfDr dk ek/;e ladhrZu FkkA muds }kjk dh XkbZ Hktu&jpuk,a vkt Hkh
vke turk esa izpfyr gSaA muds }kjk jfpr jkx ÞehjkckbZ dh eYgkjß vkt Hkh vke turk esa
izpfyr gSA

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rqylhnkl % rqylhnkl ftrus cM+s dfo ,oa HkDr Fks] mrus gh cM+s laxhrK Hkh FksA vdcj ds dky
esa rqylhnkl th us laxhr dks ,d u;k :Ik fn;k] ftlesa u, Hkko] ubZ dYiuk,a eq[; :Ik ls FkhA
muds }kjk jfpr jkepfjr ekul lEiw.kZ :Ik ls laxhr ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftlesa fofHkUu pkSikb;ksa dks
fofHkUu jkxksa dh Loj&ygfj;ksa }kjk ltkdj izLrqr fd;k gSA bUgksaus vius dkO;ksa esa jkxksa dk iw.kZ
:Ik ls iz;ksx fd;k gS tSls d`’.kxhrkoyh esa 10 jkxksa vkSj xhrkoyh esa 21 jkxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k
gSA mUgksaus HkfDr jl dks fo”ks’k egRo fn;kA rqylhnkl th }kjk jfpr jkek;.k vusd Hkk’kkvksa esa
vuqokfnr gks pqdk gSA
lwjnkl % ckck jkenkl ds iq= lwjnkl th dks mPp dksfV ds vk/;kfRed laxhrdkjksa dh Js.kh esa
j[kk tk ldrk gSA lwjnkl th ,d mPp dksfV ds HkDr dfo vkSj xk;d FksA budks Hkh vk/;kfRed
Js.kh ds mRRke okXxs;dkj dgk tk ldrk gSA bUgksaus lwjeYgkj jkx dh jpuk dh vkSj rhu xzUFk
jpsA ftu xzUFkksa esa lkfgR; vkSj laxhr dk tks o.kZu feyrk gS] og gaS lwjlkxj] lwjlwjkoyh]
lkfgR;ygjhA lwjlkxj esa rks laxhr dk Hkjiwj [kt+kuk gSA blesa laxhr ds ifjHkkf’kd rRo] fofHkUu
“kSfy;ksa] jkxksa vkfn dk o.kZu feyrk gSA
1-3-2 laxhr xzUFk & vdcj ds le; esa iq.Mjhd foV~By us lnzkxpUnzksn;] jkxekyk] jkxeatjh]
jkekekR; us Lojesy dykfuf/k] lwjnkl us lwjlkxj] lwjjpukoyh vkfn izeq[k xzUFkksa dh jpuk dhA
bl dky esa xq: vtqZu nso th us vkfn xzUFk xq: xzUFk dk Hkh ladyu fd;kA xq: vtqZu nso th us
viuh vkSj ikap xq:vksa dh ok.kh ds vfrfjDr nwljs HkDrksa ihj] Qdhjksa dh okf.k;ksa dks bdV~Bk djds
vkfn xq: xzUFk lkfgc dh jpuk dhA blds ckjs esa th-,l- NkcM+k fy[krs gSa & “The hymns of
several other bhaktas were also available. The Guru decided to bring all of them together in
the shape of Granth.”
xq: xzUFk lkfgc esa xq:vksa dh ok.kh ds vfrfjDr nwljs larksa] ihjksa] Qdhjksa dh ok.kh bl
ckr dk izek.k nsrh gS fd xq: xzUFk lkfgc /kEkZ&fujis{k xzUFk gSA I;kjk flag ine viuh iqLrd xzUFk
n”kZu esa fy[krs gSa fd vkfn xzUFk esa lEiznk; rkyhe ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA ;gka rks vYykg]
jke] jghe] osn] iqjk.k dk feyktqyk lekl feyrk gSA bldk egRo blfy, ugha gS fd ;g fl[kksa
dk /kEkZ xzUFk gS cfYd blfy, gS fd ;g lcds Hkys dk iSxke gSA
blesa ,d fo”ks’k lEikndh; <ax ekStwn gSA MkW- rkj.k flag fy[krs gSa fd xq: xzUFk lkfgc esa
tks lEikndh; <ax ;k izcU/k ekStwn gS] ;g fo”ks’k :Ik ls xq: vtqZu nso lkfgc dh nsu gSA xzUFk esa
lfEefyr ok.kh dks dhrZu }kjk xk;u dh ijEijk xq: ukud nso th us pykbZA bldk vuqdj.k
ckdh xq:vksa us Hkh fd;kA dhrZu dk “kCndks’kh; vFkZ gS ÞHktu&ijes”oj ds xq.k xkuÞ] jkx lfgr
djrkj ds xq.k xkukA lEiw.kZ ok.kh dks jkxksa ds vUrxZr ckaVk x;kA laxhr dk lgkjk ysdj xq:
ok.kh ds jpukdkjksa us lEiw.kZ euq’;rk dks HkkbZpkjk] /keZ&fujis{krk vkSj ekufld “kkfUr dk lUns”k
fn;kA
xq:vksa us /keZ vkSj laxhr dk esy fd;kA blds ckjs esa lqjthr flag xka/kh viuh iqLrd
ÞfgLVjh vkWQ fl[k xq: xzUFkß esa fy[krs gSa fd & “The gurus considered devine worship
through music.” mudk eq[; mn~ns”; vk/;kfRed i{k dks mHkkjuk Fkk u fd lkaxhfrd i{k dksA
laxhr dk rks mUgksaus ek= lgkjk gh fy;kA
Lojesy dykfuf/k % nf{k.kh laxhr fo}ku~ jkekekR; us bl xzUFk dh jpuk dhA blesa ikap izdj.k gSaA
tSls Loj izdj.k] miksn~/kkr izdj.k] oh.kk izdj.k] esy izdj.k vkSj jkx izdj.kA Loj izdj.k esa lkr
“kq) vkSj lkr fod`r Loj ekus x, gSaA oh.kk izdj.k esa oh.kk dh MkaM ij vkius 14 Loj LFkkfir

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fd, gSaA esy izdj.k esa 20 FkkV dk o.kZu gSA jkx izdj.k esa 20 FkkV ds vUrxZr 63 vU; jkxksa dk
o.kZu feyrk gSA
LknzkxpUnzksn;] jkxekyk] jkxeatjh] jkxfu.kZ; % ckn”kkg vdcj ds le; esa Hkkjrh; laxhr mUufr
ds mPp f”k[kj rd igqap pqdk FkkA iq.Mjhd foV~By ds }kjk fyf[kr pkj xzUFk feyrs gSa& 1-
lnzkxPkUnzksn;] 2- jkx ekyk] 3- jkxeatjh 4- jkx fu.kZ;A bl xzUFk esa of.kZr dfo ds jkxksa dk
voyksdu djsa rks irk pyrk gS fd mlesa dbZ jkx nf{k.kh i)fr ds jkxksa ls feyrs gSaA iq.Mjhd
foV~By dks mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr ij iw.kZ vf/kdkj FkkA vkius Hkkjrh; laxhr esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ
;ksxnku fn;kA
laxhr niZ.k % tgkaxhj dky esa laxhr dk Lrj cgqr Åapk FkkA buds “kkludky esa foykl [kka]
ijost [kka] Nrj [kka vkfn izfl) laxhrdkj FksA buds dky esa iafMr nkeksnj us Þlaxhr niZ.kß
xzUFkksa dh jpuk dhA 1625 bZ- esa iafMr nkeksnj }kjk laxhr niZ.k dh jpuk gqbZA bl xzUFk ds nks
v/;k; gSa] igyk Loj v/;k; vkSj nwljk jkx v/;k;A ;g xzUFk fgUnh] Qkjlh] xqtjkrh vkfn
Hkk’kkvksa esa fy[kk x;k gSA bl xzUFk esa jkxksa dk fo”ks’k o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
jkx rRo focks/k % lkseukFk ds }kjk fyf[kr jkx rRo focks/k Hkh blh dky dh jpuk gSA bUgksaus dqy
22 Jqfr;ka ekuhA bUgksaus lkr “kq) vkSj 15 v”kq) Lojksa dk o.kZu 23 esyksa ds vUrxZr fd;kA
Lakxhr ikfjtkr % vkSjaxtsc ds dky esa laxhr dks bruk izksRlkgu ugha feyk D;ksafd og laxhr dk
izseh ugha Fkk ijUrq fQj Hkh laxhr ds lk/kd ,dkUr esa cSBdj laxhr dh lk/kuk djrs jgsA buds
“kkludky esa ân;ukjk;.k us ân;dkSrqd] ân; izdk”k] HkkoHkV~V us vuwi laxhr foykl] vgkscy us
laxhr ikfjtkr] O;aadVeq[kh us prqnZf.M izdkf”kdk vkfn izfl) xzUFkksa dh jpuk dhA
Lkaxhr ikfjtkr xzUFk dk le; 17oha “krkCnh ds e/; dk ekuk tkrk gSA mUgksaus bl xzUFk
dks lkr v/;k;ksa esa ckaVk] tks bl izdkj gSa&1- eaxykpj.k] 2- Loj izdj.k 3- jkx izdj.k 4- ewPNZuk
izdj.k] 5- o.kZ] vyadkj izdj.k 6- tkfr izdj.k 7- jkx izdj.kA ;g xzUFk nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa fo”ks’k
LFkku j[krk gSA
vuwi laxhr jRukdj] vuwi foykl] vuwi izdk”k % HkkoHkV~V us vuwi laxhr jRukdj] vuwi foykl]
vuwi izdk”k vkfn rhu xzUFk fy[ksA bu xzzUFkksa esa laxhr ds ikfjHkkf’kd rRo tSls Loj] xzke] ewPNZuk]
vyadkj vkfn dk o.kZu fd;kA blds vfrfjDr /kzqin xk;u “kSyh vkSj jkxksa ds Hksnksa ds ckjs esa
crk;kA
ân; dkSrqd vkSj ân; izdk”k % ân; ukjk;.k ds ân; dkSrqd vkSj ân; izdk”k uked xzUFkksa dh
jpuk vkSjaxtsc ds le; esa gh ekuh tkrh gSA blesa mUgksaus oh.kk dh rkj dh yEckbZ ds vk/kkj ij
Lojksa dh LFkkiuk dhA blesa laxhr ds ikfjHkkf’kd rRoksa tSls oknh] laoknh] fooknh] rku vkfn dk
o.kZu fd;k gSA bUgksaus ,d jkx] ftldk uke ân; jkx j[kk] dh jpuk Hkh dhA
1-4 vk/kqfud dky

lu~ 1800 bZ- ls ysdj vc rd dk le; vk/kqfud dky esa vkrk gSA yxHkx 1750 bZ- esa
vaxzst Hkkjr esa vk,A ;g le; Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, vPNk fl) ugha gqvkA Hkkjrh; Hkk’kkvksa rFkk
dykvksa ds lkFk vaxsztksa dks dksbZ fnypLih ugha FkhA mUgksaus vlH;rk dh gh laLd`fr le>hA
Hkkjrh; laxhr dks mUgkasus “kksjxqy ls T;knk dqN ugha le>kA blh dkj.k laxhr iru dh vksj tkus
yxkA vaxsztksa us bldks dksbZ izksRlkgu ugha fn;k D;ksafd og ns”k esa jkT; djuk pkgrs FksA blls
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igys laxhr dks jktkvksa dk Js; feyrk Fkk ijUrq vaxzstksa ds le; lkjs egkjktkvksa dks vius vki
dks cpkus dh fpark FkhA laxhr foykflrk dk lk/ku cudj jg x;kA le>nkj O;fDr budks ?k`.kk
dh n`f’V ls ns[krs FksA blfy, lu~ 1900 ls igys dh n”kk cgqr vlUrks’ktud FkhA bl voLFkk esa
laxhr dqN ns”kh fj;klrksa esa nhid dh ykS dh Hkkafr tyrk jgk vkSj ;g f”k{kk dqN ?kjkuksa rd
lhfer jg xbZA bl le; ifo= dyk laxhr ,d vifo= okrkoj.k esa Qal xbZA laxhr tks fdlh
le; lekt dk vkHkw’k.k Fkk] mldks nq”eu ekuk tkus yxkA
1-4-1 laxhr fodkl ds dk;Z & t;iqj ujs”k egkjktk izrki flag¼1779 bZ- ls 1804 bZ-½ dh iszj.kk
ds lkFk laxhr fo}kuksa dk ,d lEesyu gqvkA blds QyLo:Ik laxhr lkj xzaFk dk fuekZ.k gqvkA
blesa fcykoy FkkV ds Lojksa dks “kq) ekuk x;kA 19oha “krkCnh esa Hkkjrh; laxhr ds fodkl ds fy,
dke gq,A mLrknh xk;dh dh Lojfyfi rS;kj dh xbZA v”yhy xhrksa ds LFkku ij HkfDr Hkko ds
inksa dks LFkkfir fd;k x;kA laxhr “kkL= dh foLrkj ls ppkZ gqbZA ckdh fo’k;ksa dh rjg laxhr dks
LFkku feykA “kkL=h; laxhr ds izfr tu&lk/kkj.k dh :fp iSnk gqbZA
uxekrs vklQh % lu~ 1813 esa iVuk ds eksgEen jtk us Þuxekrs vklQhÞ dks fy[kkA bUgksaus iqjkuh
jkx&jkfxuh i)fr dks xyr crk;k vkSj viuh ,d uohu i)fr 6 jkxksa vkSj 36 jkfxfu;ksa okyh
pykbZA dbZ fo}kuksa dk fopkj gS fd bl xzaFk esa gh lcls igys fcykoy dks “kq) FkkV ekuk x;kA
laxhr dYinzqe % lu~ 1842 esa d`’.kkuUn O;kl us ;g iqLrd fy[khA ;g dydRrk ls izdkf”kr gqbZA
blesa ml le; rd izpfyr /kzqin] /kekj] [;ky dh “kCnkoyh nh xbZ gSA
dSiVu foyjM % 1834 esa bUgksaus ,d iqLrd A treatise on the music of Hindustan fy[kh vkSj
izdkf”kr dhA
,e-,l-VSxksj % caxky ds izfl) jktk ,e-,l- VSxksj us jkx&jkfxuh i)fr dks Lohdkj djds
¼1867&96½ ds le; esa dbZ iqLrdsa fy[khaA
1- English Verses to Hindu Music
2- Six Raags and Thirty Six Raginis
3- Kantha Kaumudi
4- Sangeet Sar
5- The Universal History of music
;g iqLrdsa cgqr gh mi;ksxh fl) gqbZA
d`’.kk /ku cSuthZ % budh iqLrd Þxhr lw=/kkjß esa fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ls lEcfU/kr vusd /kzqinksa
dk ladyu gSA buesa /kzqinksa dh jpukvksa dh Lojfyfi LVkQ uksVs”ku esa dh xbZ gSA nf{k.k ds laxhr
fo}ku vkidh laxhr&jpukvksa dks cgqr vknj vkSj J)k ds lkFk xkrs gSaA
iUukyky xksLokeh % budk laxhr xzaFk Þukn fouksnÞ 1896 bZ- esa izdkf”kr gqvkA blesa jkxksa ds izkphu
Lo:Ik] 6 jkx 36 jkfxfu;ksa ds xk;u ds fofHkUu i{kksa vkSj flrkj ds inksa ads ckjs esa fo”ks’k tkudkjh
feyrh gSA
laxhr lEiznk; izn”kZuh % dukZVd laxhr dh ;g iqLrd lqHkkjko }kjk izdkf”kr gqbZA blesa “kkL=h;
jpukvksa ds vykok O;adVeq[kh] “;ke “kkL=h] jkekLokeh vkfn dukZVd ds vusd izfl) jpukdkjksa
dh jpuk,a “kkfey gSaA

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eksgEen dje beke % budh mnwZ dh jpuk eqvknuqy ekSfldh 19oha “krkCnh esa izdkf”kr gqbZA blesa
ys[kd us dgk fd _’kHk gh D;ksa mrjrk gS] l vkSj Ik Loj D;ksa ughaA blds vykok 12 Lojksa ds
vyx&vyx uke gSaA
jktk uokc vyh % jktk uokc vyh] tks fd ykgkSj ds jgus okys Fks] mUgksaus lu~ 1911 bZ- esa
ekfjQqUuxekr dh jpuk dhA ;g Hkkr[k.Ms th ls izHkkfor gq, vkSj muds lEidZ esa vk,A bldk
fgUnh esa Hkh vuqokn gks pqdk gSA
1-4-2 orZeku f”k{kk dk Lo:i & vk/kqfud laxhr esa fo”ks’k :Ik ls f”k{kk ds {ks= esa lq/kkj ykus dk
Js; iafMr Hkkr[kaMs th vkSj iqyLdj th dks tkrk gSA
• iafMr fo’.kq ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs % 10 vxLr 1860 dks egkjk’Vª esa Hkkr[kaMs th dk tUe gqvkA
mUgksaus ch-,-] ,y-,y-ch- rd dh f”k{kk izkIr dhA bUgksaus Hkkjrh; laxhr dks Åapk LFkku fnykus ds
fy, vius izkphu vkpk;ksZa ds xzUFkksa dk v/;;u fd;kA lkjs Hkkjr dh ;k=k djus ds ckn tks lkexzh
tgka feyh] mldks izkIr fd;kA izkphu ,oa uohu fopkjksa dks bdV~Bk djds ml ij “kkL=ksa dh
lgefr ds lkFk viuk n`f’Vdks.k fu/kkZfjr fd;kA
laxhr ds {ks= esa fo”ks’k dk;Z % mu fnuksa esa jkx&jkfxuh dh izFkk izpfyr FkhA laxhrdkj T;knk
f”kf{kr u gksus ds dkj.k jkx ds fu;eksa dh vksj /;ku u nsrs gq, ftl izdkj Hkh mudks fl[kyk;k
tkrk Fkk] xzg.k dj ysrs FksA Hkkr[kaMs th us dbZ LFkkuksa ij vius xzaFkksa esa bl izdkj dk o.kZu fd;k
gSA cgqr cMs+&cM+s xk;d xk;u rks cgqr vPNk djrs Fks ijUrq mudks u rks jkx dk Kku Fkk vkSj u
gh FkkV dk Kku FkkA os ;g Hkh ugha crk ldrs Fks fd o dkSu ls Loj yxk jgs gSaA ;g ns[kdj
Hkkr[kaMs th us nf{k.k esy i)fr ls izHkkfor gksdj Þtud FkkV i)frÞ dk izpkj fd;k] ftldks
yksxksa us le>k] mi;ksfxrk dk /;ku j[kk vkSj viuk fy;kA buesa lcls cM+h fo”ks’krk ;g gS fd ;s
i<+s&fy[ks FksA blh dkj.k os mPp dksfV rFkk fuEu dksfV ds laxhrdkjksa ds lkFk lEidZ LFkkfir dj
ldsA
xzaFk&ys[ku % Hkkr[kaMs th us vfHkuo jkx eatjh laLd`r esa vkSj fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr Øfed
iqLrd ekfydk&6 Hkkxksa esa vkSj ejkBh Hkk’kk esa Hkh xzaFk fy[ksA blds vykok vaxzsth rFkk vU;
Hkk’kkvksa esa Hkh iqLrdsa fy[khA
bUgksaus izkphu mLrknh cafn”kksa dks mlh :Ik esa dk;e j[kus ds fy, viuh Lojfyfi dk
fuekZ.k djds mlesa cafn”ksa fy[khA vkus okys fo|kFkhZ oxZ ds fy, y{k.k xhrksa dk izpkj fd;kA prqj]
prj vkfn miuke budh jpukvksa esa feyrs gSaA gjjax ds miuke rFkk xhr mUgksaus vius mLrkn
eksgEen vyh [kka lkgc dh Le`fr esa fy[ksA
laxhr lEesyu rFkk laxhr f”k{kk laLFkk,a % Hkkr[kaMs th us Hkkjr ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa cM+kSnk] fnYyh]
cukjl] y[kuÅ vkfn esa laxhr lEesyu fd,A blesa laxhr lEcU/kh “kkL=&ppkZ vkSj izfl)
dykdkjksa dks bdV~Bk djds lk/kkj.k turk dks laxhr dyk dk ifjp; djok;kA Xokfy;j] cM+kSnk]
y[kuÅ vkfn LFkkuksa ij laxhr f”k{kk dk izpkj djus ds fy, laxhr ds fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh
xbZ] tks vkt Hkh lQyrkiwoZd py jgs gSaA
• iafMr fo’.kq fnxEcj iqyLdj % 1872 esa egkjk’Vª esa iqyLdj th dk tUe gqvkA laxhr ds
laLdkj buds vanj FksA ckY;koLFkk esa gh vkfr”kckth ds lkFk us= pys tkus ds dkj.k ;g i<+kbZ
ugha dj lds rFkk laxhr dh vksj iwjk /;ku nsus yxsA
laxhr {ks= esa egku dk;Z % iafMr th us laxhr ds m)kj dk egku~ dk;Z fd;kA muds le; esa
Hkkjrh; laxhr vuq”khyu ds vU/kdkj esa iM+k FkkA mldh viuh ifo=rk lekIr gks xbZ FkhA fczfV”k
dky esa Hkkjrh; laxhr ls ?k`.kk dh tkrh Fkh ;g ns[kdj bl egku~ vkRek dk fny dkai mBkA
Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
vius mn~ns”; dh iwfrZ ds fy, mUgksaus xhrksa esa ls v”yhy rFkk Ja`xkj jl ds “kCn fudkydj HkfDr
jl ds “kCnksa dk lekos”k fd;kA QyLo:Ik budh ok.kh dk yksxksa ij cgqr izHkko iM+kA buds
O;fDrRo ls IkzHkkfor gksdj yksxksa us buds laxhr dks viuk;kA
laxhr izpkj ds fy, bUgksaus laxhr fo|ky; [kksys rFkk vusd ;ksX; f”k’; rS;kj fd,A lcls
igys 1907 esa ÞykgkSj xU/koZÞ egkfo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA blds ckn fnYyh] cEcbZ rFkk iwuk esa
laxhr laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk Hkh dhA muds dqN xU/koZ jRuksa ds uke bl izdkj gSa&iafMr fouk;d
jko iVo/kZu] vksadkj ukFk Bkdqj] iafMr ukjk;.k jko O;kl] Jh “kadj jko O;kl] ukjk;.k jko]
lksjs”oj [kjs vkfnA
xzaFk ys[ku % vki us cgqr lkjs xzaFkksa dh Hkh jpuk dhA laxhr cky cks/k] laxhr cky izdk”k] jkx
izos”k vkfn iafMr th dh egku d`fr;ka gSaA bUgksaus ,d ekfld if=dk Hkh pykbZ tks fd laLFkk esa gh
izdkf”kr gksrh FkhA dqN le; ckn og can gks xbZA
HkfDr Hkkouk rFkk vafre thou % iafMr th dks lekt esa cgqr Åapk LFkku izkIr gqvkA vius thou
ds vafre le; esa mUgksaus lalkj ls oSjkX; ys fy;k vkSj lc dqN NksM+dj vius }kjk cuk, Þjke
uke vk/kkjÞ vkJe esa jgus yxsA vki jkek;.k vkSj Þj?kqifr jk?ko jktk jke] ifrr ikou lhrkjkeÞ
iafDr;ksa dk xk;u djus yxsA TkStSoarh jkx ds Lojksa esa xkbZ gqbZ mudh ;g /kqu Hkkjrh;ksa ds dkuksa esa
vkt Hkh xwatrh gSA
bl izdkj bu nksuksa egku~ laxhrdkjksa¼ia- Hkkr[kaMs vkSj ia- iqyLdj½ ds egku iz;Ruksa rFkk
esgur ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; laxhr viuk LFkku IkzkIr dj ldk vkSj mUufr dh vksj py iM+kA vkt
laxhr ds fØ;kRed rFkk “kkL=h; nksuksa i{kksa dk leqfpr fodkl gks jgk gSA vkt ;gka cM+s&cM+s
laxhrdkj viuh dyk dk izn”kZu dj jgs gSaA ogka nwljh vksj laxhr “kkL= esa u, vuqla/kkuksa }kjk
laxhr dk foLrkj cgqr rhoz xfr ls gks jgk gSA vkt Hkkjrh; laxhr fnu&izfrfnu cgqr mUufr dj
jgk gS rFkk nwljs fo’k;ksa dh Hkkafr mfpr LFkku izkIr dj jgk gSA
• vksadkjukFk Bkdqj % iafMr vksadj ukFk Bkdqj dk laxhr&txr~ dks fn;k x;k ;ksxnku ges”kk
vej jgsxkA vki ,d mPpdksfV ds laxhrdkj FksA vkius laxhrkatyh] iz.ko Hkkjrh uked iqLrdsa
fy[khA 1955 esa vki dks Hkkjr ljdkj dh vksj ls i|Jh dh mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA vki
Xokfy;j ?kjkus ls LkEcU/k j[krs FksA vki [;ky xk;u esa cgqr ekfgj Fks ijUrq /kzqin] Bqejh] Hktu Hkh
xkrs FksA
• mLrkn vykmn~nhu [kka % mLrkn vykmn~nhu [kka dk laxhr {ks= esa fo”ks’k ;ksxnku gSA vki dks
laxhr ds fy, dbZ eqf”dyksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k ijUrq blls vkidh ftKklk de ugha gqbZA
vkius xk;u vkSj oknu nksukas esa gh dq”kyrk izkIr dhA vkidks jk’Vªifr dh vksj ls in~e Hkw’k.k dh
mikf/k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA vkius laxhr ds {ks= esa mPp dksfV ds f”k’; rS;kj fd, ftuesa ls
ia- jfo “kadj] m0 vyh vdcj [kka th dk uke mYys[kuh; gSA
vk/kqfud ;qx ds mHkjrs dykdkj & 20oha “krkCnh esa cgqr lkjs mHkjrs dykdkj laxhr ds Lrj dks
Åapk djus dh dksf”k”k dj jgs gSa] muesa iafMr foyk;r [kka] iafMr jfo “kadj] vyh vdcj [kka]
lqtkr [kka] vYyk jD[kk [kka] tkfdj gqLkSu] gfj izlkn pkSjfl;k] fclfeYyk [kka vkfn dk uke
mYys[kuh; gSA ;g laxhrdkj vius&vius {ks= esa laxhr dk izpkj ,oa izlkj dj jgs gSaA
vk/kqfud ;qx esa laxhr fodkl ds vU; lk/ku & vk/kqfud ;qx jsfM;ks rFkk Vh-oh- dk ;qx gSA jsfM;ks
rFkk Vh-oh- }kjk mPp dksfV ds laxhrdkjksa ds fopkj rFkk mudh dyk is”k dh tkrh gS] ftlls
laxhr dk dkQh izpkj gqvk gSA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
laxhr f”k{kk laLFkk,a & vk/kqfud ;qx esa cgqr lkjh laxhr laLFkk,a laxhr dh f”k{kk ns jgh gSaA tSls
iz;kx laxhr lfefr bykgkckn] Hkkr[k.Ms dkWyst y[kuÅ¼EkSfjl E;wft+d dkWyst½] xU/koZ
egkfo|kky; iwuk vkfn dk uke mYys[kuh; gSA blds vykok laxhr Ldwyksa] dkWystksa ,oa
fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa fo’k; ds :Ik esa Hkh fl[kk;k tkrk gSA
laxhr iqLrdsa % laxhr ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij¼fØ;kRed ,oa lS)kfUrd½ iqLrdsa izdkf”kr gks jgh gSaA
laxhr] laxhr dyk fogkj] bafM;u E;wftd tujy] ekfld if=dk,a laxhr ds izR;sd fo’k; ij
jks”kuh Mky jgh gSaA
vH;kl iz'u
d- y?kq mRrjh; iz'u %&
1- xhr xksfoUn ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
2- ekuflag rksej dky esa laxhr dh fLFkfr dks la{ksi esa le>kb,A
3- vk/kqfud dkyhu izfl) laxhr xzaFkksa ds uke crkb,A
4- mLrkn vykmn~nhu [kka ds lkaxhfrd ;ksxnku dks crkb,A
[k- lR;@vlR; crkb, %&

1- eSfjl E;wftd dkWyst bykgkckn esa fLFkr gSA
2- vfHkuo jkx eatjh ds jpf;rk ia-fo-fnxEcj iqyLdj gSaA
3- HkfDr vkanksyu ds izpkjdksa esa lwjnkl izeq[k FksA
4- rkulsu }kjk jkx fe;ka dh lkjax dh jpuk gqbZA
x- fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ %&

1- laxhr niZ.k xzaFk ds ys[kd gSaA
2- xhr xksfoUn dh jpuk “krkCnh esa gqbZA
3- loZizFke lu~ esa ykgkSj xU/koZ egkfo|ky; dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
4- ia-vksedkj ukFk Bkdqj dks lu~ esa in~eJh ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
1-5 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd ds
Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ds fo’k; esa tku pqds gksaxsA e/;dky esa eq[; :Ik ls fons”kh vkØe.kksa ls
Hkkjr dh /kkfeZd ,oa lkaLd`frd vFkZO;oLFkk ij fo”ks’k izHkko iM+kA fo”ks’k :Ik ls mRrj Hkkjrh;
laxhr ij bldk O;kid izHkko iM+kA e/;dky esa f[kyth] rqxyd] yks/kh ,oa eqxy “kkldksa dk rFkk
vk/kqfud dky esa fczfV”k lkezkT; dk izHkko jgk] ftldk izHkko laxhr dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa ,oa
laxhrKksa ij iM+kA bu dkyksa esa [;ky] rjkuk] xt+y] dOokyh vkfn vusd uohu fo/kkvksa dk
ewY;kadu gqvk rFkk vusd jkxksa ,oa rkyksa dk vkfo’dkj Hkh gqvkA e/;dky esa lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa HkfDr
dh ygj pyhA HkfDr ds ekxZ dks tu&tu rd igqapkus gsrq laxhr dk ek/;e gh fo”ks’k :Ik ls
jgkA HkfDr laxhr esa izeq[k :Ik ls ehjkckbZ] lwjnkl] rqylhnkl vkfn foHkwfr;ka jghaA e/;dky esa
izeq[k xzUFkksa esa Lojesy dykfu/kh] laxhr niZ.k] jkx rRo focks/k] laxhr ikfjtkr] vuwi laxhr
jRukdj] ân; dkSrqd vkfn dh jpuk gqbZA vk/kqfud dky esa vaxzstksa ds vkxeu ls Hkkjrh; laxhr
dk iru gksus yxkA 19oha “krkCnh ls Hkkjrh; laxhr ds fodkl ds fy, dk;Z “kq: gq,A vusd xzUFk
uxekrs vklQh] laxhr dYinzqe] Øfed iqLrd ekfydk] laxhrkatfy vkfn xzUFkksa dh jpuk gqbZA ia-

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
fo- ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs ,oa ia- fo- fnxEcj iqyLdj us fo”ks’k :Ik ls laxhr dh n”kk ,oa f”k{kk ds {ks=
esa lq/kkj ykus ds lQy iz;kl fd,A
1-6 “kCnkoyh
1- f}Jqfrd] f=Jqfrd ,oa prqJZqfrd & Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; laxhr esa lkr Loj fofHkUu Jqfr;ksa ij
LFkkfir ekus x, gSaA izkphu le; ls 22 Jqfr;ksa dk izpyu FkkA izR;sd Loj dh Jqfr;k¡ fHkUu&fHkUu
gSaA tSls & ‘kM+t ,oa iape] prqJZqfrd gaS( xU/kkj ,oa fu’kkn] f=Jqfrd rFkk /kSor ,oa _’kHk] f}Jqfrd
gaSA
2- izcU/k & izkphudky esa fuc) xku ds vUrxZr izcU/k] :id vkfn vkrs FksA izcU/k dh pkj /kkrq,¡
mnxzkg] esykid] /kqzo vkSj vkHkksx gSaA
3- dOokyh & dOokyh xk;u “kSyh dk ,d izdkj gSA izkjEHk esa ;g eqfLye /keZ esa vf/kdrj HkfDr
Hkko ds fy, xkbZ tkrh Fkh ijUrq vkt blds dbZ :i fn[krs gSaA
4- tkfr xk;u & ftl izdkj orZeku esa jkx xk;u izpfyr gS] mlh izdkj izkphu le; esa tkfr
xk;u dk izpyu FkkA

1- vlR; 2- vlR; 3- lR; 4- lR;

1- ia-nkeksnj 2- 12oha 3- 1907 4- 1955

1- ijkatis] MkW0 'kjPpUnz Jh/kj] ¼1992½] laxhr cks/k] e/; izns'k fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh] HkksikyA
2- jktu] Mk0 js.kq] ¼2010½ Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr ds fofo/k vk;ke] vafdr ifCyds”ku] uÃ fnYyhA
3- ljkZQ] MkW0 jek] ¼2004½ Hkkjrh; laxhr lfjrk] dfu’dk ifCy”klZ] uÃ fnYyhA
4- Hkkr[k.Ms] fo’.kq ukjk;.k] ¼1966½] mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr bfrgkl] laxhr dk;kZy;]
gkFkjlA
1-9 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh%

1- xxZ] y{eh ukjk;.k] olUr] ¼1997½] laxhr fo'kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
2- xksc/kZu] 'kkfUr] ¼1989½] laxhr 'kkL= niZ.k Hkkx&2] ikBd ifCyds'ku] bykgkcknA
3- ikBd] ia0 txnh'k ukjk;.k] ¼1995½] laxhr 'kkL= izoh.k] ikBd ifCyds'ku] bykgkcknA

1- e/;dky esa eqfLye izos”k ;qx ds le; laxhr dh D;k fLFkfr Fkh\ foLrkj esa le>kb,A
2- vk/kqfud dkyhu izfl) xzaFk ,ao laxhrKksa ds fo’k; esa crkrs gq, bl dky dk foLrkj iwoZd
o.kZu dhft,A

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdkbZ 2 & Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkV i)fr
2-1 izLrkouk
2-2 mn~ns';
2-3 Hkkjrh; laxhr esa esy vFkok FkkV
2-4 ia- O;adVeq[kh ds 72 FkkV
2-4-1 FkkV jpuk fof/k
2-5 ia fo-ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs ds nl FkkV
2-5-1 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr ds nl FkkV ,oa muds Loj
2-6 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa xf.krkuqlkj 32 FkkVksa dh mRifRr
2-7 lkjka'k
2-8 'kCnkoyh
2-9 vH;kl iz'uksa ds mRrj
2-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh nwljh bdkbZ
gSA blls iwoZ dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ls ifjfpr gks pqds
gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkV i)fr ds fo’k; esa crk;k x;k gSA jkxksa ds oxhZdj.k ds
lEcU/k esa FkkV@esy i)fr vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSA bl bdkbZ esa esy vFkok FkkV ds jpuk fu;eksa dks Hkh
crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki esy vFkok FkkV ds vUrxZr vkus okys fofHkUu jkxksa ds
oxhZdj.k dh i)fr dks le> ldsaxsA orZeku esa jkx oxhZdj.k dh i)fr;ksa esa mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa
FkkV ,oa nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa esy oxhZdj.k dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ls vki esy
vFkok FkkV ds jpuk fu;eksa ds vk/kkj ij jkxksa dks mlesa iz;qDr dj ldsaxsA
2-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki %&
Û crk ldsaxs dh orZeku esa jkx oxhZdj.k dh i)fr ÞFkkV vFkok esy oxhZdj.kß oSKkfud ,oa ljy gSA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd FkkV ,oa esy oxhZdj.k i)fr ds vUrxZr jkxksa dks fdu vko”;d fu;eksa ds vk/kkj
ij oxhZd`r fd;k tkrk gSA
Û crk ldsaxs fd FkkV vFkok esy oxhZdj.k ds vUrXkZr mRrjh ,oa nf{k.kh i)fr esa dkSu ls izeq[k jkxksa
dks j[kk x;k gSA
Û crk ldasxs fd mRrjh FkkV i)fr ,oa nf{k.kh esy i)fr ds vUrxZr nksuksa dh oxhZdj.k i)fr ds
vk/kkj ij ,d uohu i)fr dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftlesa dqN ,sls jkxksa dks Hkh LFkku izkIr
gks tks bu i)fr;ksa esa iz;qDr ugha gks ldrs gksaA
Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
2-3 Hkkjrh; laxhr esa esy vFkok FkkV

xzke ewPNZuk i)fr ds nqckZs/k gksus ij e/; ;qx esa Loj lkE; ds vk/kkj ij jkx&oxhZdj.k izpkj
esa vk;kA loZizFke fot; uxj ds eU=h ek/kokpk;Z fo|kpj.k us rRdkyhu 50 jkxksa dks 15 esyksa esa
oxhZd`r fd;kA fot; uxj ds gh jkekekR; us ^Lojesy&dykfuf/k* esa 20 esy] lkseukFk us ^jkx focks/k*
esa 23 esy] O;adVeq[kh us ^prqnZ.Mh&izdkf”kdk* esa vf/kdre 72 esy cukus dh fof/k nsdj 19 esy
Lohdkj fd,A mRrj esa ^jkx&rjafx.kh* esa dfo ykspu us 12 laLFkkuksa¼esyksa½ esa 75 jkxksa dks Loj&lkE;
ds vk/kkj ij oxhZd`r fd;kA iq.Mjhd foV~By us ^lnzkx&pUnzksn;* esa 19 esy vkSj ^jkx&eatjh* esa 20
esy Lohdkj fd, gSaA HkkoHkV~V us ^vuwi&laxhr&jRukdj* esa 20 esy ekus gSaA esyksa dh lcls de la[;k
Jhd.B us ^jl dkSeqnh* esa 9 ekuh gSA Hkkr[k.Ms th us mRrjh&laxhr ds fy, vf/kdre 32 esyksa ;k
FkkVksa esa ls 10 esy gh iz;ksx esa Lohdkj fd, gSaA
BkB “kCn ls gh BkV ;k FkkV cuk gSA FkkV “kCn dk iz;ksx loZizFke lkseukFk us jkx&focks/k esa
fd;k gSA FkkV&i)fr&oxhZdj.k dk vFkZ Hkh Loj&lkE; ds vk/kkj ij jkxksa dk oxhZdj.k gksrk gS ;kuh
leku Lojksa okys jkx ,d oxZ esa j[ks tkrs gSaA fdlh Loj ds ifjorZu ds lkFk gh FkkV Hkh cny tkrk
gSA tSls “kq) Lojksa okys lHkh jkx fcykoy FkkV ds vUrxZr j[ks tkrs gSaA “kq)&e/;e ds LFkku ij
rhoz&e/;e ds iz;ksx ls fcykoy ds LFkku ij oks FkkV] dY;k.k gks tk,xk D;ksafd dY;k.k FkkV esa
rhoz&e/;e gksrk gSA
FkkV “kCn flrkj vkfn insZ okys ok|ksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA tks jkx ctkuk gksrk gS mlls igys ml
jkx fo”ks’k esa iz;qDr gksus okys Lojksa dks] inksZa dks f[kldk dj LFkkfir djuk gksrk gSA ;gh BkB ck¡/kuk
dgykrk gSA BkB dk vFkZ gS <k¡pk ;k ÝseA BkB rS;kj gksus ij ml BkB esa iz;qDr Lojksa ls lEcfU/kr
lHkh jkx ctk, tk ldrs gSaA ;kuh fuf”pr Lojksa okys jkxksa dk <k¡pk cu tkus ij fcuk inksZa dks
b/kj&m/kj fd, gq, mUgha ij leku Lojksa okys jkx ct ldrs gSaA ljLorh oh.kk vkfn ij fLFkj insZ
gksrs gSa blfy, ,sls ok|ksa dks vpy&BkB okys ok| dgk tkrk gSA ftuesa insZ f[kldkus iM+rs gSa mUgsa
py&BkB okys ok| dgk tkrk gSA
2-4 ia0 O;adVeq[kh ds 72 FkkV

laxhr ds bfrgkl ls irk pyrk gS fd laxhr esa le;≤ ij vyx&vyx rjg dh “kSfy;ksa
dk izpkj gqvk vkSj mudks fHkUu&fHkUu le; esa fHkUu&fHkUu oxhZdj.k ds varxZr ckaVk x;kA tSls jkxksa
dk tkfr oxhZdj.k] xzke oxhZdj.k] “kkjaxnso 10 fof/k oxhZdj.k] “kq)] Nk;kyx vkSj ladh.kZ jkx esy
oxhZdj.k vkfnA
esy oxhZdj.k ds varxZr esyksa dh la[;k ds fo’k; esa vusd er gksus ds dkj.k ;g i)fr
/khjs&/khjs lekIr gks xbZA ijUrq 17oha lnh esa nf{k.k ds fuoklh ia0 O;adVeq[kh us prqnZf.Mizdkf”kdk
uked xzaFk esa xf.kr }kjk ;g fl) fd;k fd ,d lIrd ls vf/kd ls vf/kd 72 esy ;k FkkV cu
ldrs gSaA esyksa ;k FkkVksa dh fØ;k dks le>us ds fy, bls eq[; :i ls pkj Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk
gS %&
1- FkkV dh ifjHkk’kk
2- FkkV dh fo”ks’krk,a
3- Lojksa dh fo”ks’krk,a
4- FkkV&jpuk&fof/k
FkkV dh ifjHkk’kk & lkr Lojksa ds Øfed lewg] tks jkx mRiUu djus dh “kfDr j[krk gks] dks FkkV ;k
esy dgk tkrk gSA esy ;k FkkV ,d&nwljs ds Ik;kZ;okph “kCn gSa D;ksafd izkekf.kd laxhr xzaFkksa esa
oxhZdj.k dh bl Js.kh ds fy, esy “kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vfHkouo jkx eatjh esa esy dh
ifjHkk’kk bl izdkj nh xbZ gS&Þesy Loj lewg% L;knzkxO;atu “kfDreku~Þ

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esy ;k FkkV dh fo”ks’krk,a & ia- O;adVe[kh us ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd FkkV ges”kk lEiw.kZ gksuk pkfg,
D;ksafd ;fn og lEiw.kZ gh ugha gksxk rks lEiw.kZ tkfr ds jkxksa dks mlds varxZr dSls j[kk tk ldsxkA
;gka ;g Hkh Li’V djuk t:jh gS fd lEiw.kZ ls Hkko 7 Lojksa ls gS vkSj ;g lkr Loj fdlh Loj ds nks
:iksa dks feykdj u gksaA Li’V vFkksZa esa l js x e Ik /k fu buesa dksbZ Hkh Loj dks NksM+k ugha tk
ldrkA FkkV ds lkr Loj Øekuqlkj gh gksus pkfg,] tSls & l js x e Ik /k fu
,d Loj ds nks :Ik bdV~Bs iz;ksx ugha fd, tk ldrs D;ksafd nks :i bdV~Bs iz;ksx djus ls
FkkV lEiw.kZ ugha gks ldrkA ijUrq ia-O;adVeq[kh ds vuqlkj ,d Loj ds nks :Ik bdV~Bs iz;ksx fd, tk
ldrs gSaA nks :Ik bdV~Bs iz;ksx djus ls fdlh vU; Loj dks rks NksM+uk gh iM+sxk] ftlls FkkV ds lkr
Lojksa ds Øe dk iz;ksx Hkax gks tk,xkA bl leL;k dk lek/kku djus ds fy, ia- O;adVeq[kh us ,d
Loj dks nks uke nsdj fd;k] ftlls FkkV dk fu;e Hkh Hkax ugha gqvkA blds fy, O;adVeq[kh dh Loj
rkfydk ns[kuh t:jh gS] ftldk o.kZu Lojksa dh fo”ks’krkvksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
• FkkV ;k esy esa dsoy vkjksg dk gksuk gh t:jh gksrk gS D;ksafd mlds vkjksg&vojksg nksuksa ds Loj
,d tSls gh gksrs gSaA
• FkkV xk,@ctk, ugha tkrs blfy, jatdrk gksuk t:jh ugha gSA
• FkkV ;k esy dk uke mlds varxZr j[ks x, izfl) jkx ds uke ds vk/kkj ij j[kk x;k gSA tSls
& clar] HkSjoh] ns”kkdlh] ukV] iarqoyh] flagjo] dY;k.kh vkfn¼ia- O;adVe[kh ds vuqlkj½A dY;k.k]
rksM+h] HkSjo] HkSjoh] fcykoy] dkQh] [kekt] vklkojh] ekjok] iwohZ¼ia- Hkkr[k.Ms ds vuqlkj½A
Lojksa dh fo”ks’krk,a & Lojksa dh fo”ks’krk,a ns[kus ds fy, ia- O;adVeq[kh dh Loj rkfydk dks le>uk
vko”;d gSA
fgUnqLrkuh Loj ia- O;adVeq[kh ds Loj
l l
js dksey js “kq)
js “kq) iapJqfr js ;k “kq) x
x dksey ‘kV~Jqfr js ;k lk/kkj.k x
x “kq) varj x
e “kq) e “kq)
e rhoz izfr e
Ik Ik
/k dksey /k “kq)
/k “kq) iapJqfr /k ;k “kq) fu
fu dksey ‘kVJqfr /k ;k dSf”kd fu
fu “kq) dkdyh uh
mi;qZDr Loj rkfydk ns[kus ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd O;adVeq[kh us Hkh fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr
dh rjg dqy 12 Loj gh ekus gSa] vUrj dsoy ;g gS fd iafMr O;adVeq[kh th us ,d Loj ds nks uke
j[ksA
1- tSls vxj fdlh FkkV esa nksuksa js vFkkZr “kq) js vkSj iapJqfr js bdV~Bs iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks igyk
_’kHk gh jgsxk vkSj nwljk js “kq) xa/kkj dgyk,xkA
2- tgka iapJqfr _’kHk gksxk ogka ‘kV~Jqfr _’kHk ugha gksxkA
3- tgka ‘kV~Jqfr _’kHk gksxk ogka lk/kkj.k x ugha gksxkA
4- tgka lk/kkj.k x gksxk ogka vUrj x ugha gksxkA
5- tgka “kq) /k gksxk ogka iapJqfr fu ugha gksxkA
6- tgka “kq) fu gksxk ogka ‘kV~Jqfr /k ;k dSf”kd fu ugha gksxkA
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7- tgka dSf”kd fu gksxk ogkaa dkdyh fu ugha gksxkA
2-4-1 esy ;k FkkV jpuk&fof/k & O;adVeq[kh us ,d lIrd ds 12 Lojksa lk js js x x e i /k /k fu
fu lka esa ls rhoz e dks FkksM+s le; ds fy, fudky fn;k vkSj 12 dh la[;k iwjh djus ds fy, rkj lk
tksM+ fn;kA bl rjg 12 Lojksa dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa eas ckaV fy;kA igys Hkkx dks iwokZax vkSj nwljs Hkkx
dks mRrjkax dgk x;kA
iwokaZx mRrjkax
lk js js x x e Ik /k /k fu fu lka
lIrd esa rkj lk tksM+us ls Lojksa dh fxurh vkB gks xbZA FkkV jpuk esa lIrd ds nksuksa Hkkxksa
esa pkj&pkj Loj gksus vko”;d gSa vkSj mu Pkkj&pkj Lojksa esa l vkSj e nksuksa Loj iwokZax esa vkSj Ik vkSj
rkj l mRrjkax esa gksuk t:jh gSA
iwokZax mRrjkax
1- lk js js e 1- Ik /k /k lka
2- lk js x e 2- Ik /k fu lka
6- lk x x e 6- Ik fu fu lka
bl rjg lIrd ds izR;sd Hkkx esa N%&N% u, Loj Lo:Ik izkIr gq,A iwokZax ds izR;sd Loj
lewg dks ckjh&ckjh mRrjkax ds Loj lewgks ls feyk;k tk,xk vFkkZr~ dsoy ,d Loj lewg ysuk gS vkSj
mldks mRrjkax ds IkzR;sd Loj lewg ls feykuk gSA tSls&
iwokZax mRrjkax
1- lk js js e Ik /k /k lka
2- lk js js e Ik /k fu lka
6- lk js js e Ik fu fu lka
bl rjg iwokZax dk rks igyk Loj lewg fy;k x;k vkSj mldks mRrjkax ds izR;sd Loj lewg
ds lkFk tksM+k x;kA mlds Ik”pkr~ blh rjg iwokZax ds nwljs Loj lewg dks fy;k tk,xk vkSj mRrjkax
ds IkzR;sd Loj lewg ls lkFk tksM+k tk,xkA bl rjg N% Loj lewgksa dks ckj&ckj tksM+dj 6 x 6 = 36
FkkV feysaxsA ;g fof/k rhoz e Loj yxkdj gh djuh gS vFkkZr “kq) e dh txg rhoz e jgsxk D;ksafd
mldks igys Loj&lewg ls fudky fn;k x;k FkkA tSls &
iwokZax mRrjkax
1- lk js js eÞ Ik /k /k lka
2- lk js js eÞ Ik /k fu lka
6- lk js js eÞ Ik fu fu lka

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;gka mRrjkax ds Lojksa esa dksbZ vUrj ugha vk,xkA iwokZax esa “kq) e/;e ds LFkku ij rhoz e/;e
dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg bu Loj lewgksa ls Hkh 36 FkkV feysaxsA 36 FkkV “kq) e/;e ds lkFk
vkSj 36 FkkV rhoz e/;e ds lkFk dqy feykdj 36+36=72 feyasxsA bl rjg O;adVeq[kh us xf.kr }kjk
72 FkkVksa dh jpuk dhA nf{k.k okyksa us 72 FkkVksa esa ls dqy 19 gh pqus] ftlds varxZr vius jkxksa dk
oxhZdj.k fd;kA
Øe la0 esy&uke Loj

eq[kkjh lk 'kq)&js 'kq)&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k 'kq)&fu
1
¼fg0&Loj½ lk js js e Ik /k /k
lkeojkyh lk 'kq)&js lk/kk&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dkd&fu
2
¼fg0&Loj½ lk js x e Ik /k fu
Hkwiky lk 'kq)&js lk/kk&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dSf”k&fu
3
gstqTth lk 'kq)&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k 'kq)&fu
4
¼fg0&Loj½ lk js js e Ik /k /k
clUrHkSjoh lk 'kq)&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dSf”k&fu
5
xkSy lk 'kq)&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dkd&fu
6
HkSjoh lk iap&js lk/kk&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dSf”k&fu
7
vkghjh lk iap&js lk/kk&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dkd&fu
8
Jh lk iap&js lk/kk&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik iap&/k dSf”k&fu
9
dkaHkksth lk iap&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik iap&/k dSf”k&fu
10
“kadjkHkj.k lk iap&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik iap&/k dkd&fu
11
lkeUr lk iap&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik ‘kV&/k dkd&fu
12
¼fg0&Loj½ lk js x e Ik fu fu
ns”kk{kh lk ‘kV&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik iap&/k dkd&fu
13
¼fg0&Loj½ lk x x e Ik /k fu
ukV lk ‘kV&js vUr&x 'kq)&e 'kq)&Ik ‘kV&/k dkd&fu
14
¼fg0&Loj½ lk x x e Ik fu fu
“kq)ojkyh lk 'kq)&js “kq)&x ojk&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dkd&fu
15
¼fg0&Loj½ lk js js e Ik /k fu
iUrqojkyh lk 'kq)&js lk/kk&x ojk&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dkd&fu
16
“kq)jkeØh lk 'kq)&js vUr&x ojk&e 'kq)&Ik 'kq)&/k dkd&fu
17
flagjo lk iap&js lk/kk&x ojk&e 'kq)&Ik iap&/k dSf”k&fu
18

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dY;k.kh lk iap&js vUr&x ojk&e 'kq)&Ik iap&/k dkd&fu
19
“kCn la{ksi %& fg0¾fgUnqLrkuh] lk/kk¾lk/kkj.k] vUr¾vUrj] ojk¾ojkyh] dkd¾dkdyh]
dSf”k¾dSf”kd] iap¾iapJqfrd] ‘kV¾’kVJqfrd
2-5 ia fo-ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs ds nl FkkV

laxhr ds bfrgkl ls irk pyrk gS fd jkxksa dks fHkUu&fHkUu le;ksa esa fofHkUu oxhZdj.kksa esa
ckaVk x;kA tSls&nl fof/k jkx oxhZdj.k] “kq)&Nk;kyx&ladhZ.k oxhZdj.k] jkx&jkfxuh oxhZdj.k
vkfnA 17oha lnh esa O;adVeq[kh us xf.kr ds }kjk ;g fl) fd;k fd ,d lIrd esa 72 FkkV mRiUu gks
ldrs gSa ijUrq iafMr Hkkr[k.Ms th us 10 FkkV pqus] ftlds varxZr lkjs jkxksa dk oxhZdj.k fd;kA
ia- Hkkr[k.Ms th us ia- O;adVeq[kh ds 72 FkkVksa esa ls fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ds fy, mi;qDr
nl FkkV Lohdkj fd, tks fuEufyf[kr gSa&dY;k.k] fcykoy] [kekt] HkSjo] HkSjoh] dkQh] vklkojh]
ekjok] iwohZ vkSj rksM+hA lcls igys bu FkkVksa dk p;u fdlus fd;k\ bl fo’k; esa Hkh ekuk tkrk gS
fd Hkkr[k.Ms th us gh loZizFke bUgsa fuf”pr fd;kA fdUrq vkpk;Z c`gLifr dk dguk gS fd jkeiqj ds
iqLrdky; esa izkIr ^ljek;&,&b”kjr~* uke dh iqLrd tks lu~ 1858 bZ- esa fy[kh xbZ gS] mlesa bUgha
nl FkkVksa dk mYys[k lcls igys feyrk gSA bl iqLrd dk mYys[k Hkkr[k.Ms th us Hkh fd;k gS vr%
;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd dnkfpr~ Hkkr[k.Ms th dks bu nl FkkVksa dk fopkj blh iqLrd ls feyk
gksxkA tks Hkh gks ysfdu budk izpkj rks fuf”pr :Ik ls Hkkr[k.Ms th us gh fd;k gSA
FkkV ifjHkk’kk & FkkV ;k esy ,d&nwljs ds Ik;kZ;okph “kCn gSaA lkr Lojksa dk og Øfed lewg] tks
jkx mRiUu djus dh “kfDr j[krk gks] FkkV dgykrk gSA fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa FkkV dks
tud¼tUe nsus okyk½ vkSj jkxksa dks tU;¼tUe ysus okyk½ dgk x;k gSA jkxksa ds fo”ks’k Loj lewgksa dks
ns[kdj fo”ks’k FkkV ds varxZr j[kk tkrk gSA mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkVksa dh la[;k nl ekuh xbZ gS
vkSj og gSa&dY;k.k] fcykoy] [kekt] HkSjo] HkSjoh] iwohZ] ekjok] dkQh] vklkojh] rksM+hA D;ksafd FkkV ml
Loj&lewg jpuk dks dgk tkrk gS tks jkx mRiUu djus dh “kfDr j[krk gks blfy, FkkV ds fo”ks’k
fu;e cuk, x, gSaA
FkkV ds fu;e %&

1- FkkV ges”kk LkEiw.kZ gksuk pkfg,A ;fn og Lo;a gh lEiw.kZ ugha gksxk vFkkZr~ ml Loj lewg esa 7 Loj
ugha iz;ksx fd, tk,axs rks lEiw.kZ tkfr ds jkxksa dks mlds varxZr dSls ekuk tk ldrk gSA
2- FkkV esa lkr Lojksa dks Øekuqlkj gksuk pkfg, tSls l ds ckn js vkSj js ds ckn x bR;kfnA
3- FkkV esa dsoy vkjksg gh vko”;d gS] vkjksg vkSj vojksg Loj] tkfr vkfn :Ik esa dksbZ varj ugha
vkrkA
4- FkkV dks xk;k&ctk;k ugha tkrk blfy,] blesa jatdrk dk gksuk vko”;d ughaA
5- FkkV esa ,d Loj ds nks :Ik¼”kq) vkSj fod`r½ ,d lkFk ugha gks ldrs D;kasfd ,slk djus ls fdlh
vkSj Loj dks oftZr djuk iM+sxk] tks fd FkkV ds fu;e ds fo:) gSA fdUrq nf{k.kh i)fr esa ,slk dj
fy;k tkrk gSA ,d Loj ds nks :Ik ,d lkFk iz;ksx djus ds lkFk gh mudk FkkV LkEiw.kZ jgrk gS
D;ksafd mUgksaus ,d Loj ds nks ;k nks ls T;knk uke fn, gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, vxj fdlh FkkV esa nksuksa
_’kHk vFkkZr “kq) js rFkk prqJqfrd js iz;ksx fd, tk,axs rks igys js _’kHk gh jgsxk vkSj nwljs dks “kq)
xU/kkj dgk tk,xkA bl izdkj jkx dh n`f’V esa rks gks tkrk gS ijUrq vly esa ugha gksrk D;ksafd uke
cnyus ls Loj&LFkku ugha cnyrsA
6- FkkV dk uke mlds varxZr ekus x, fdlh izfl) jkx ds uke ij j[kk x;k gS] TkSls&fu js x e Ik
/k fu lka ,sls Loj Lkewg dks dY;k.k FkkV dgk x;k gS D;ksafd dY;k.k esa rhoz e/;e dk iz;ksx fd;k

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tkrk gSA blh izdkj vkSj jkxksa ds uke ftuds Loj lewg FkkV ds Loj lewgksa ds vuqlkj Fks] vFkkZr~
fo”ks’k fo”ks’krk,a Fkh] mUgsa jkxksa dk uke fn;k x;k gSA tSls&[kekt] dkQh] HkSjo] HkSjoh vkfnA ftu
jkxksa ds uke ds vk/kkj ij FkkV dk ukedj.k gqvk] mudks vkJ; jkx dgk x;kA FkkVksa dh la[;k dqy
10 ekuh xbZ gSA blfy, vkJ; jkx Hkh 10 gh gSaA
2-5-1 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ds FkkV vkSj mlds Loj %&
1- fcykoy FkkV % blesa Loj “kq) gh yxrs gSaA l js x e i /k fuA

2- dY;k.k FkkV % blesa e/;e rhoz yxsxk ckdh lkjs Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA l js x eÞ i /k fuA
3- [kekt FkkV % bl FkkV esa fu dksey ckdh Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA l js x e i /k fuA
4- dkQh FkkV % bl FkkV esa x o fu dksey ckdh Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA l js x e i /k fuA
5- vklkojh FkkV % blesa x /k fu dksey yxrs gSaA l js x e i /k fuA
6- HkSjoh FkkV % blesa js x /k fu dksey yxrs gSaA l js x e i /k fuA
7- HkSjo FkkV % bl FkkV esa js /k Loj dksey yxrs gSaA l js x e i /k fuA
8- IkwohZ FkkV % blesa js /k dksey o rhoz e iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA l js x eÞ i /k fuA
9- ekjok FkkV % bl FkkV esa js dksey] e rhoz vkSj ckdh Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA l js x eÞ i /k fuA
10- rksM+h FkkV % bl jkx esa js /k dksey vkSj e/;e rhoz yxrk gSA l js x eÞ i /k fuA
bu FkkVksa esa fn, x, Lojksa dh rqyuk mu fo”ks’k jkxksa ds Lojksa ls u dh tk, D;ksafd jkxksa esa
Lojksa dk pyu fo”ks’k jkx esa oftZr Loj] fo”ks’k Loj dk iz;ksx vkfn gksrk gSA ijUrq FkkV esa ,slk ugha
gksrk gSA ;g FkkV dk fu;e ekuk tkrk gSA
nl FkkVksa dh oSKkfudrk & Hkkr[k.Ms th us rks dsoy bruk gh dgk fd O;adVeq[kh ds 72 esydrkZvksa
esa ls fgUnqLrkuh&i)fr ds fy, ;gh nl FkkV mi;qDr gSaA vkxs pydj izks0 yfyr fd”kksj flag tks
Lo;a HkkSfrd&”kkL= ds Kkrk Fks] us bu nl FkkVksa ij /ofu&foKku ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj
budh oSKkfudrk ij fo”kn~ fopkj fd;k vkSj ;g fl) fd;k fd dsoy ;gh nl FkkV 72 esyksa esa ls
oSKkfud fu;eksa ij [kjs mrjrs gSaA ;gk¡ blh fcUnq ij dqN fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
1- lkr “kq) vkSj ik¡p fod`r Lojksa esa ls FkkV ds fy, lkr Loj Øekuqlkj gksus pkfg,A
2- izR;sd FkkV esa ‘kM~t] iape ds vfrfjDr nksuksa e/;eksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk gksuk vko”;d gSA
3- js js x x /k /k fu fu esa ls nks iwokZax vkSj nks mRrjkax esa gksus pkfg,A
4- “kq) vkSj fod`r :iksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk gksuk vko”;d gSA
5- ml FkkV esa izR;sd Loj dk ^’kM~t&e/;e* ;k ^’kM~t&iape* laokn gksuk vko”;d gSA
6- rhoz e/;e ds lkFk “kq) fu’kkn rFkk lkFk gh dksey js ;k “kq) xa/kkj dk gksuk vfr vko”;d gSA
jkx vkSj FkkV dh rqyuk %&

1- izR;sd jkx dks fdlh u fdlh FkkV ds varxZr ekuk x;k gS] tcfd FkkV dh mRifRr lkr Lojksa ds
lewg ls gksrh gS ftlesa Loj esa ,d Loj dk dksbZ Hkh :i¼”kq) ;k fod`r½ iz;ksx gks ldrk gSA
2- jkx esa de ls de ikap vkSj T;knk ls T;knk lkr Loj iz;ksx fd, tk ldrs gSa] ijUrq FkkV esa
lkr Lojksa dk gksuk t:jh gSA vxj FkkV Lo;a gh lEiw.kZ ugha gksxk rks blds varxZr lEiw.kZ tkfr ds
jkx dks dSls j[kk tk ldrk gSA
3- jkx esa Lojksa dk Øeokj gksuk t:jh ugha gSA jkx ds pyu vuqlkj fofHkUu Loj lewgksa vuqlkj]
oknh&laoknh ds vuqlkj jkx esa Lojksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA FkkV esa lkr Loj lewgksa dks Øekuqlkj
gksuk t:jh gSA tSls & lk js x e i /k fuA

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4- jkx esa vkjksg&vojksg nksuksa dk gksuk t:jh gSA dsoy vkjksg esa jkx dh igpku ugha gks ldrh
D;ksafd jkx ds vkjksg&vojksg esa Lojksa dh fxurh vyx&vyx Hkh gks ldrh gSA tSls fdlh jkx ds
vkjksg esa vxj lkr Loj yxrs gSa rks ;g t:jh ugha fd mlds vojksg esa Hkh lkr Loj gh yxsaxs
vFkkZr mlds vojksg esa N% ;k ikap Loj Hkh yx ldrs gSaA FkkV esa dsoy vkjksg gh vko”;d gS] vkjksg
vkSj vojksg Loj] tkfr vkfn :Ik esa dksbZ varj ugha vkrkA
5- jkx esa jatdrk dk gksuk t:jh gS D;ksafd jkx dk eq[; mn~ns”; jatdrk dks mRiUu djuk gS ijUrq
FkkV esa jatdrk dk gksuk Tk:jh ugha gS D;ksafd FkkV xk;k&ctk;k ugha tkrkA
6- jkx ds vkjksg&vojksg esa Lojksa dh fxurh fHkUu gksus ds dkj.k jkx dh eq[; rhu tkfr;ka gSa&
lEiw.kZ] ‘kkMo vkSj vkSM+oA ijUrq FkkV dh tkfr;ka ugha gksrh D;ksafd mlds vkjksg ds Lojksa esa dksbZ Hkh
Loj oftZr ugha fd;k tkrkA
7- jkx Lora= gksrs gSa] vFkkZr mudks dksbZ Hkh uke fn;k tk ldrk gSA FkkVksa dk ukedj.k mlds
varxZr ekus x, fdlh izfl) jkx ds uke ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA tSls dkQh] [kekt] fcykoy]
HkSjo] HkSjoh vkfn ;gh uke jkxksa ds Hkh gSa vkSj ;gh FkkVksa ds HkhA
8- jkxksa dh la[;k fuf”pr ugha gSA jkx u, curs jgrs gSa ijUrq FkkVksa dh la[;k fgUnqLrkuh laxhr
i)fr ds vuqlkj 10 gSA bu 10 FkkVksa ds vUrxZr gh lHkh jkxksa dks j[kk tkrk gSA
9- FkkV dks tud vkSj mlds varxZr ekus x, jkxksa dks tU; dgk x;k gSA
2-6 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa xf.krkuqlkj 32 FkkVksa dh mRifRr

ftl izdkj O;adVeq[kh us xf.krkuqlkj 72 FkkVksa dh jpuk dh] mlh izdkj fgUnqLrkuh
laxhr&i)fr esa xf.krkuqlkj 32 FkkVksa dh mRifRr gks ldrh gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd fgUnqLrkuh
laxhr&i)fr ds Lojksa esa og fo”ks’krk ugha gS tks dukZVdh laxhr&i)fr esa gSA vFkkZr~ ,d Loj ds nks
uke ugha gSaA Lojksa dks Øekuqlkj j[kus ds fy, ,d Loj ds nks :Ik¼”kq) rFkk fod`r½ ugha gks ldrsA
blfy, bl i)fr ds vuqlkj xf.kr }kjk 72 FkkV u cudj dsoy 32 FkkV cu ldrs gSaA
lIrd dk “kq) e/;e okyk 12 Lojksa dk lewg l js js x x e Ik /k /k uh uh lka gS vkSj blds
iwokZ) rFkk mRRkjk)Z Hkkxksa ds Loj&lewg bl izdkj gksaxs%&
iwokZ) mRrjk)Z
¼lk js js x x e½ ¼Ik /k /k fu fu lka½
¼1½ lk js x e ¼1½ Ik /k fu lka
iwokZ) rFkk mRrjk)Z ds Loj & lewgksa dks feykus ls gedks dqy 4X4=16 FkkV izkIr gksaxsA ;s 16 FkkV
“kq) e/;e ds vkSj blh izdkj 16 FkkV rhoz e/;e ds gksaxsA vc dqy feykdj 16+16=32 FkkV
fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ds Lojksa ds vuqlkj cu ldrs gSaA
mij fy[ks FkkV xf.kr }kjk fudkys x, gSa] ij budks fgUnqLrkuh laxhr&i)fr esa ekU;rk izkIr
ugha gSA dsoy buesa ls 10 FkkVksa dks fgUnqLrkuh laxhr us xzg.k fd;k gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd
fgUnqLrkuh laxhr&i)fr esa dsoy 10 FkkV ekus tkrs gSa vkSj mUgha 10 FkkVksa ds vUrxZr lc jkx xk, o
ctk, tkrs gSaA ;s nl FkkV gSa&dY;k.k] fcykoy] [kekt] dkQh] iwohZ] ekjok] HkSjo] vklkojh] HkSjoh RkFkk
rksM+hA vk/kqfud le; esa bu 10 FkkVksa ij [kwc okn&fookn py jgk gSA dqN yksxksa dk fopkj gS fd
cgqr ls jkx bu FkkVksa ds vUrxZr ugha vk ldrs] blfy, bu FkkVksa dh la[;k c<+kuh pkfg,A ijUrq
vHkh rd dksbZ ,slk lq>ko ugha fey ldk gS tks loZekU; gksA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
blh izdkj dukZVdh laxhr&i)fr eaas 72 FkkV O;adVeq[kh us xf.kr }kjk fudkys gSa ij mUgas
“kkL=h; ugha dgk tk ldrkA dqN yksx rks FkkV esa vkjksg&vojksg nksuksa j[kdj xf.kr }kjk dukZVdh
i)fr ds vuqlkj dqy 72X72=5184 FkkV cukrs gSaA ijUrq ;s lc “kkL=h; ugha gSaA 72 FkkVksa esa ls
dsoy 19 FkkV nf{k.kh laxhr&i)fr esa ekus tkrs gSa] ftuds vUrxZr gh ogk¡ ds lc jkx xk, o ctk,
tkrs gSaA ;s 19 esy vFkok FkkV ¼1½eq[kkjh ¼2½Hkwiky ¼3½lkycjhyh ¼4½xkSy ¼5½vgksjh ¼6½clUrHkSjoh
¼7½Jhjkx ¼8½HkSjoh ¼9½dkaHkksTkh ¼10½“kadjkHkj.k ¼11½lkeUr ¼12½gStqTth ¼13½UkkV ¼14½“kq)cjkyh
¼15½ns”kk{kh ¼16½iarqojkyh ¼17½flagjo ¼18½“kq) jkefØ;k ¼19½dY;k.kh] dUkkZVdh laxhr esa izpfyr gSaA
vH;kl iz'u
1- ia- Hkkr[kaMs ds nl FkkVksa dh oSKkfudrk dks le>kb,A
2- fgUnqLrkuh laxhr ds nl FkkVksa esa yxus okys Lojksa dks crkb,A
3- jkx ,oa FkkV ds vUrj dks Li’V dhft,A
4- e/;;qx esa esy vFkok FkkV oxhZdj.k dk D;k vfLrRo FkkA
1- laxhr jRukdj esa 21 esy ekus x, gSaA
2- nf{k.k laxhr i)fr esa 72 FkkVksa esa ls 19 dk gh iz;ksx gksrk gSA
3- FkkV i)fr ds fu;ekuqlkj FkkV ges”kk lEiw.kZ gksuk pkfg,A
4- ekjok FkkV esa e/;e Loj “kq) gksrk gSA
1- js x /k fu Loj dksey FkkV esa gksrs gSaA
2- fgUnqLrkuh laxhr dk “kq) x nf{k.kh laxhr ds x ds leku gSA
3- ia- O;adVeq[kh us xzUFk esa 72 FkkVksa dh jpuk dh gSA
4- jkekekR; us Lojesy dykfu/kh esa esyksa dh jpuk crkbZ gSA
2-7 lkjka'k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkV i)fr ds fo’k; esa tku pqds gksaxsA
jkxksa dk ikfjokfjd oxhZdj.k e/;;qx dh mit gSA jkxksa ds oxhZdj.k ds esy jkx oxhZdj.k dh i)fr
nf{k.kh laxhr dh egRoiw.kZ nsu gSA jkekekR;] ykspu] foV~By] lkseukFk] O;adVeq[kh bR;kfn if.Mr blh
i)fr ds leFkZd jgsA vkjEHk esa 15 esy ekus x, rFkk ckn esa ia- O;adVeq[kh us lIrd ds vUrxZr 12
Loj LFkkuksa ds vk/kkj ij 72 esyksa dh jpuk dhA mRrjh laxhr esa esy jkx oxhZdj.k ekU; ugha jgkA
orZeku “krkCnh esa ia- Hkkr[kaMs th us 72 esyksa ls orZeku vko”;drkuqlkj dsoy 10 esyksa ;k FkkVksa dks
Ik;kZIr ekukA vk/kqfud dky esa izpfyr jkx oxhZdj.k i)fr;ksa esa FkkV i)fr gh O;kid rFkk
lqfo/kktud gksus ds dkj.k mi;qDr ekuh tkrh gSA ia- fo-ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs th us laxhr ds fl)karksa o
fØ;kRed jkxksa ds Loj :iksa dks le>krs gq, dgk fd vko”;drkuqlkj xqf.k tuksa dh jk; ls vf/kd
FkkVksa dh la[;k fuf”pr dh tk ldrh gSA vr% bUgksaus mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr dks O;ofLFkr :Ik ls
izLrqr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuokZg fd;kA vki FkkV i)fr ds fu;eksa ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds
gksaxsA
2-8 'kCnkoyh
LFkkfir ekus x, gSaA izkphu le; ls 22 Jqfr;ksa dk izpyu FkkA izR;sd Loj dh Jqfr;k¡ fHkUu&fHkUu gSaA
tSls&‘kM+t ,oa iape] prqJZqfrd gaS( xU/kkj ,oa fu’kkn] f=Jqfrd rFkk /kSor ,oa _’kHk] f}Jqfrd gSaA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
2- vkJ; jkx & tud jkx] esy jkx¼FkkV dk leku jkx½
3- “kq)] Nk;kyx] ladh.kZ & vius ewyHkwr LFkku ij fLFkr jkx¼”kq)½] og jkx ftl ij fdlh vU;
jkx dh Nk;k gks¼Nk;kyx½ rFkk lfeJ jkx izdkj ¼ladh.kZ½ dgykrs gSaA

1 vlR; 2- lR; 3- lR; 4- vlR;
1 HkSjoh 2- vUrj 3- prqnZ.Mh izdkf”kdk 4- 20

1- ijkatis] 'kjPpUnz Jh/kj] ¼1969½] Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl] pkS[kEck laLd`r laLFkku] okjk.klhA
2- olUr] ¼1997½] laxhr fo'kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
3- ijkatis] MkW0 'kjPpUnz Jh/kj] ¼1972½] laxhr cks/k] e/; izns'k fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh] HkksikyA

1- Hkkr[kaMs] ia0 fo’.kq ukjk;.k] laxhr i)fr;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
2- pkS/kjh] Mk0 lqHknzk] laxhr lap;u] d`’.kk cznlZ] vtesj] jktLFkkuA

1- ia- Hkkr[k.Ms }kjk fufeZr nl FkkVksa dh foLrkj ls O;k[;k dhft, rFkk mudh fo”ks’krk,a ,oa jpuk
fu;e Hkh le>kb,A
2- ia- O;adVeq[kh ds 72 FkkVksa dh jpuk fof/k dk lfoLrkj o.kZu dhft,A

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdk Ã 3 & Jqfr ,oa Loj dh O;k[;k ¼ i z kphu] e/;dkyhu ,oa orZeku fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj ½ (
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr ifjp;
3-1 izLrkouk
3-2 mn~ns”;
3-3 Jqfr vkSj Loj foHkktu
3-4 izkphu dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj
3-5 e/;dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj
3-6 vk/kqfud dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj
3-7 nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr ifjp;
3-8 lkjka”k
3-9 “kCnkoyh
3-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh rhljh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds i”pkr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl ls ifjfpr
gks pqds gksaxsA vki FkkV i)fr dks Hkh tku pqds gksaxsA
izLrqr bdkbZ esa Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Jqfr ,oa Loj ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls crk;k x;k gSA blesa
izkphu] e/;dkyhu ,oa orZeku fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj Loj ,oa Jqfr dh fLFkfr- ,oa Lo:Ik dk
fo”ys’k.kkRed v/;;u izLrqr gSA blesa fo}kuksa ds erksa dks Hkh crk;k x;k gSA blesa crk;k x;k gS
fd laxhr esa Jqfr ,oa Loj dk D;k vfLrRo gS rFkk Jqfr ,oa Lojksa dh la[;k ,oa Lo:Ik D;k gSA
laxhr esa Loj dh ijEijk izkphu le; ls fdlh u fdlh :Ik esa fo|eku jgh gSA bl bdkbZ esa
vkidks nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds fo’k; esa Hkh crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki Jqfr;ksa ij Loj LFkkiuk¼izkphu ls orZeku rd½ dks
le> ldsaxsA lkFk gh Loj dh “kq) ,oa fod`r fLFkfr ,oa mRifRr ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu igyqvksa dks
Hkh vki bl bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls le> ldsaxsA vki nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dks Hkh le> ldsaxsA
3-2 mn~ns”;
• crk ldsaxs fd Hkkjrh; laxhr ds ewy vk/kkj Loj dks izkphu ls vk/kqfud dky rd LFkkfir
djus gsrq D;k iz.kkyh jgh gSA
• le> ldsaxs fd “kq) ,oa fod`r Lojksa esa ijLij D;k lEcU/k jgk gS rFkk lIrd dh 22 Jqfr;ksa
esa bldh LFkkiuk dk eq[; vk/kkj D;k jgk gSA
• le>k ldsaxs fd izkphu dky ls vk/kqfud dky rd ds izfl) fo)kuksa ds lkFk&lkFk ledkyhu
fo)kuksa ds Loj ,oa Jqfr ds lEcU/k esa D;k er gSaA
• crk ldsaxs fd fofHkUu fo}kuksa }kjk Loj ,oa Jqfr dk lEcU/k fdl izdkj vU; ls LFkkfir fd;k
x;k gSA
• vki nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dks Hkh tku ldsaxsA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3-3 Jqfr vkSj Loj foHkktu

blds igys fd ge Jqfr&Loj foHkktu dks le>sa ;g vko';d gS fd Jqfr rFkk Loj ij
vyx&vyx fopkj dj ysaA
Jqfr & laLd`r esa ^Jq* “kCn dk vFkZ gksrk gS ^lquuk*A blfy, Jqfr dk vFkZ gqvk ^lquk gqvk*A izkphu
xzUFkdkjksa us Hkh Jqfr dh ifjHkk’kk bl izdkj dh gS] ^Jq;rs bfr Jqfr%*A vFkkZr tks /ofu dkuksa dks
lqukbZ iM+s ogh Jqfr gSA ijUrq /;kuiwoZd ns[kus ij ;g ifjHkk’kk iw.kZ ugha gS] D;ksafd Jqfr dk
laxhrksi;ksxh gksuk vko”;d gS vkSj dkuksa dks rks vusd ,slh /ofu;ka lqukbZ iM+ ldrh gSa ftudk
lEcU/k laxhr ls fcYdqy ugha gSA blfy, bruk dg nsuk fd tks /ofu dkuksa dks lqukbZ iM+s ogh
Jqfr gS] Ik;kZIr ugha gSA vk/kqfud dky ds xzUFkdkjksa us Jqfr dh iw.kZ ifjHkk’kk bl izdkj dh gS%&
fuR;a xhrksi;ksfxRoefHkKs;RoeI;qrA
y{ks izksDra lqi;kZIra laxhr Jqfry{k.ke~AA
vFkkZr~ og laxhrksi;ksxh /ofu tks ,d&nwljs ls vyx rFkk Li’V igpkuh tk lds mls Jqfr
dgrs gSaA ^vyx* rFkk ^Li’V* “kCn ;gk¡ ij cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSa] D;ksafd Jqfr dk ;g xq.k gS fd mls
dkuksa dks Li’V lqukbZ iM+uk pkfg, rFkk ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa eas bruk vUrj gksuk pkfg, fd os
,d&nwljs ls vyx igpkuh tk ldsaA blfy, laxhr ds fo}kuksa dk fopkj gS fd ,slh /ofu;k¡ tks
,d nwljs ls vyx rFkk dkuksa dks Li’V lqukbZ iMas] Jqfr dgyk,axhA ,d lIrd esa dqy 22 Jqfr;ka
gks ldrh gSaA dgus dk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd e/; lk ls rkj lk¼,d lIrd½ ds chp esa dsoy 22
Jqfr;k¡ gks ldrh gSaA
Loj & ,d lIrd dh 22 Jqfr;ksa esa ls pquh x;h 7 Jqfr;k¡ tks ,d nwljs ls dkQh vUrj ij
LFkkfir gSa rFkk tks lquus esa e/kqj gSa] Loj dgykrh gSaA bl izdkj ;g Li’V gS fd Jqfr vkSj Loj eas
vUrj ugha gSA dsoy vUrj ;g gS fd 22 Jqfr;ksa esa ls nwj&nwj dh 7 Jqfr;k¡ Nk¡V yh xbZ vkSj mUgha
Nk¡Vh xbZ 7 Jqfr;ksa dks “kq) Lojksa ds uke ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA lkr Lojksa dks ‘kM~t] _’kHk] xkU/kkj]
e/;e] iape] /kSor vkSj fu’kkn ds ukeksa ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA Þlaxhr jRukdjß uked xzUFk esa Loj dh
ifjHkk’kk bl izdkj dh xbZ gS%&
JqR;UrjHkkoh ;% fLuX/kks · uqj.kukRed%A
Lorks jUt;frJksr`fpra l Loj mP;rsAA
vFkkZr~ os e/kqj /ofu;k¡] tks cjkcj fLFkj jgsa rFkk ftudh >udkj eu dks yqHkkus okyh gksa]
Loj dgykrh gSaA
Lojksa dh mRifRr & oSfnd dky esa rhu Lojksa dk izpkj Fkk vkSj os Loj&mnkRr] vuqnkRr rFkk
Lofjr dgykrs FksA mnkRr Å¡ps Loj dks dgrs Fks rFkk vuqnkRr uhps Loj dksA Lofjr Loj ds fy,
dksbZ fuf”pr er ugha FkkA dqN yksx bl Loj dks mnkRr rFkk vuqnkRr Lojksa ds chp dk Loj
ekurs Fks] dqN yksx bls mnkRr ls Å¡pk Loj ekurs Fks rFkk dqN yksx bls vuqnkRr ls uhpk dk
Loj ekurs FksA bl izdkj mnkRr] vuqnkRr vkSj Lofjr] ;s rhuksa Loj Fks tks Øe”k% xka/kkj] _’kHk
rFkk ‘kM~t Lojksa ds leku ekus tk ldrs gSaA oSfnd dky esa bu rhuksa Lojksa dks izFkek] f}rh;k vkSj
r`rh;k ds ukeksa ls iqdkjk tkrk FkkA ,slk Hkkl gksrk gS fd xka/kkj Loj izFke gksus ds dkj.k ml
le; xka/kkj xzke dk izpkj FkkA dqN le; ds ckn oSfnd dky esa gh bu rhu Lojksa ds vykok
xka/kkj ls ,d Å¡pk Loj ^prqFkZ* uke ls izpkj esa vk;kA bl pkSFks Loj dks dqN yksx ^dq’Bk* ds uke
ls iqdkjrs Fks rFkk bls e/;e Loj ds vuq:Ik ekurs FksA bl izdkj vc dqy feykdj ^lk js x e* ;s
pkj Loj izpkj esa vk x, FksA e/;e Loj ds vkus ls e/;e xzke izpkj esa vk;kA ;g ckr gedks
/;ku esa j[kuh pkfg, fd oSfnd Lojksa esa ‘kM~t&iape Hkko dh iz/kkurk Fkh vkSj bl dkj.k iape]
/kSor rFkk fu’kkn ;s rhu vU; Loj izpkj esa vk,A Loj&laokfnRo ds vuqlkj izFkek vFkok mnkRr ds

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
vUrxZr xka/kkj rFkk fu’kkn Loj gq,] f}rh;k vFkok vuqnkRr ds vUrxZr _’ke rFkk /kSor Loj gq,
vkSj r`rh;k vFkok Lofjr ds vUrxZr ‘kM~t] e/;e rFkk iape Loj gq,A bl izdkj lkrksa Loj izpkj
esa vk,A ûkjnh; f”k{kk* uked xzUFk esa bl ckr dk mYys[k feyrk gS%&
mnkRrs fu’kkn xka/kkjkS] vuqnkRr _’kHk/kSorkSA
LofjrizHkok ás rs] ‘kM~te/;eiapek%AA
f”k{kkdkj us ukjnh; f”k{kk esa] ;|fi Jqfr dh ifjHkk’kk vFkok O;k[;k ugha nh gS rFkkfi
mUgksaus Hkh Jqfr dks egRo fn;k gSA blh izdkj ;|fi f”k{kkdkj us Jqfr&la[;k dk Hkh mYys[k ugha
fd;k rFkkfi xzkeksYys[k] lk/kkj.k LojksYys[k rFkk iape o /kSor dh g~kl ,oa o`f) fo’k;d mYys[kksa
ls vkHkkl gksrk gS fd f”k{kkdkj dks ckÃl Jqfr;ksa dk Kku FkkA
f”k{kkdkj us ikap Jqfr tkfr;ksa dk Hkh ukeksYys[k fd;k gS] ijarq os Jqfr&tkfr;k¡ vf/kd Li’V
ugha gSaA f”k{kkdkj us Jqfr tkfr;ksa ij ppkZ djrs gq, dgk gS fd vk;rk tkfr dk iz;ksx uhps ds
Lojksa esa] e`nq tkfr dk mlds foifjr vFkkZr~ mPp Lojksa esa rFkk e/;k tkfr dk iz;ksx vius Loj esa
vFkkZr~ leku Lojksa esa gksrk gSA bl dFku ls rkRi;Z ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd vuqnkRr Lojksa esa
vk;rk] mnkRr esa e`nq rFkk Lofjr Lojksa esa e/;k Jqfr&tkfr dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ijarq Jqfr tkfr;ksa
dk iz;kstu ,oa muds okLrfod y{k.k vFkok Lo#i ds o.kZu izkIr u gksus ds dkj.k f”k{kkdkjksDr
Jqfr&tkfr;k¡ Li’V ugha gks ikrhA f”k{kkdkj us oSfnd Lojksa ds vUrxZr Hkh Jqfr&tkfr;ksa dk mYys[k
fd;k gSA blds varxZr f”k{kkdkj us f}rh; Loj¼os.kq dk xkU/kkj½ dh Jqfr tkfr;k¡&e`nq] e/;k rFkk
vk;rk crkÃ gSaA ;fn oSfnd laxhr dk f}rh; Loj] ykSfdd laxhr dk xkU/kkj gS] tSlk lkekU;r;k
ekuk tkrk gS] rc ;g rF; /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd xkU/kkj Loj f}Jqfrd Loj gSA bl izdkj mijksDr
dFku esa ;g Hkh Li’V ugha gksrk fd f}rh; Loj xkU/kkj gS vFkok ykSfdd laxhr dk f}rh;
Loj&_’kHkA
ukjnh; f”k{kk esa of.kZr LojksYys[kksa ds bl v/;;u ls Kkr gksrk gS fd rRdkyhu laxhr nks
fHkUu&fHkUu /kkjkvksa esa izpfyr Fkk&oSfnd laxhr rFkk ykSfdd laxhrA rRdkyhu lekt esa bu nksuksa
izdkj dh laxhr “kSfy;ksa dk izpkj Fkk rFkk ykSfdd laxhr dks izkphu xkSjoe; oSfnd ijEijk ls
lEc) djus dh izFkk dk pyu FkkA blh Øe esa oSfnd laxhr ds Lojksa rFkk ykSfdd laxhr ds Lojksa
dh ukjnh; f”k{kk essa] rqyuk dh xÃA blh izdkj ykSfdd Lojksa dh tkfr;ksa] muds o.kZ] xk;d]
“kjhjxr mRifRr LFkku] nsork vkfn mYys[kksa ls Hkh ;gh ladsr izkIr gksrs gSaA
ikf.kfu ds le; rd laxhr ds lkrksa Loj izpkj esa vk pqds FksA ;gh lkr Loj rFkk muds
ik¡p fod`r :Ik feykdj 12 Loj vktdy izpfyr gSaA izkphu le; esa dqN yksxksa dk fopkj Fkk fd
7 Lojksa dh mRifRr vusd Ik”kq&if{k;ksa }kjk gqbZA xzUFkksa esa Hkh bl ckr dk mYys[k bl izdkj feyrk
gS%&
e;wj pkrdPNkx Ø kS ap dksfdy nqnqZjkA
xt”p lIr ‘kM~tknksU Ø ek nqPpkj;UR;ehAA
vFkkZr~ e;wj ls ^lk*] pkrd ls ^js*] Nkx ls ^x*] dkSaPk ls ê*] dksfdy ls î*] nknqj ls ^/k*
rFkk gfLr ls ^fu* Loj mRiUu gqvkA dqN yksxksa us 7 Lojksa dks vyx tkfr;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;kA
muds erkuqlkj lk] e rFkk Ik Loj czkºe.k tkfr ds] js rFkk /k Loj {kf=; tkfr ds vkSj x rFkk fu
Loj oS”; tkfr ds gSaA blh izdkj dqN yksxksa us lkr Lojksa dh mRifRr fofHkUu nsorkvksa ls Hkh ekuh]
ijUrq ;s lc er fujk/kkj gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Ik”kq&if{k;ksa ls Lojksa dh mRifRr okyk er yhft,A
izkjfEHkd voLFkk esa tc yksxksa dks Lojksa dk fcYdqy Kku ugha Fkk ml le; ;g irk yxkuk ,d
vlEHko ckr Fkh fd e;wj ls pkrd dh /ofu Å¡ph gS vFkok ØkaSp ls dksfdy dh /ofu Å¡ph gS
bR;kfnA ;fn dksfdy dh /ofu ØkSap i{kh ls Å¡ph Hkh gS rks og fdl Loj esa cksyrh gS] bldk dksbZ
ekin.M rks ekywe ugha FkkA blhfy, ;g dguk fd Åij fy[ks i”kq&if{k;ksa }kjk lkr Loj fudys]

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
dksbZ lkj ugha j[krkA ;g rks Loj&Kku gksus ij yksxksa ds /;ku esa vk;k fd Åij fy[ks i”kq&if{k;ksa
}kjk gedks fofHkUu lkr Loj izkIr gks ldrs gSaA
;g ,d LokHkkfod ckr gS fd izR;sd oLrq dk Øfed fodkl gksrk gSA ;g lEHko ugha fd
iqjkus le; esa ,d lkFk gh lkr Lojksa dh mRifRr gqbZ cfYd mldk Hkh fodkl /khesa&/khesa gh gqvkA
Jqfr&Loj foHkktu & lIrd dh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks lkr Lojksa esa ck¡V fn;k x;k gSA izkphu dky ls
vk/kqfud dky rd ;fn ge Jqfr&Loj foHkktu dk v/;;u djsa rks ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd rhuksa
dkyksa¼izkphu] e/; o vk/kqfud½ ds xzUFkdkjksa us ;g foHkktu uhps fy[ks fl)kUr ds vk/kkj ij
fd;k%&
Pkrq”prq”prq”pSo ‘kM~te/;eiapek%A
}s }s fu’kknxka/kkjkS f=L=h_’kHk/kSorkSAA
vFkkZr ‘kM~t] e/;e rFkk iape Lojksa eas pkj&pkj Jqfr;k¡] fu’kkn rFkk xka/kkj esa nks&nks
Jqfr;k¡] _’kHk rFkk /kSor Lojksa esa rhu&rhu Jqfr;k¡ gSaA bl fl)kUr dks rhuksa dkyksa ds xzUFkdkj
vius “kq) rFkk fod`r Lojksa dh LFkkiuk ckbZl Jqfr;ksa ij vyx&vyx <ax ls djrs gSaA vr,o vc
ge rhuksa dkyksa ds xzUFkdkjksa dk Jqfr&Loj foHkktu vyx&vyx le>saxsA
3-4 izkphu dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj

izkphu xzUFkksa esa izeq[k xzUFk Hkjr dk ûkV~;“kkL=* rFkk “kkjaxnso dk ^laxhr jRukdj* gSA
Hkjr ds ûkV~;“kkL=* dk jpuk&dky ik¡poha “krkCnh rFkk “kkjaxnso d`r ^laxhr jRukdj* dk
jpuk&dky 13oha “krkCnh dk ekuk tkrk gSA bu xzUFkdkjksa us vius “kq) Lojksa dh LFkkiuk mudh
vfUre Jqfr ij dh gSA dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ;fn ^lk* esa pkj Jqfr;k¡ gSa rks ^lk* dh LFkkiuk bu
pkj Jqfr;ksa dh vfUre Jqfr ;kuh PkkSFkh Jqfr ij dh gSA bl izdkj muls lkr “kq) Loj uhps fy[kh
Jqfr;ksa ij LFkkfir Fks] lk&PkkSFkh Jqfr ij] js&lkroha Jqfr ij] x&uoha Jqfr ij] e&rsjgoha Jqfr ij]
i&l=goha Jqfr ij] /k&chloha Jqfr ij rFkk fu&ckbZloha Jqfr ijA
Hkjr us Åij fy[ks 7 Lojksa ds vfrfjDr vUrj xka/kkj vkSj ^dkdyh fu’kkn* bu nks fod`r
Lojksa dk Hkh mYys[k viuh iqLrd esa fd;k gSA blls ;g irk pyrk gS fd Hkjr ds le; esa “kq)
rFkk fod`r dqy feykdj 9 Loj izpkj esa FksA ijUrq “kkjaxnso ds xzUFk esa “kq) rFkk fod`r feykdj
dqy 14 Lojksa dk o.kZu feyrk gSA ;s 14 Loj bl izdkj Fks%& ¼1½dkSf”kd ^fu* ¼2½dkdyh ^fu*
¼3½P;qr ^lk* ¼4½vP;qr ^lk* ¼5½fod`r ^js* ¼6½^x* ¼7½lk/kkj.k ^x* ¼8½vUrj ^x* ¼9½P;qr ê* ¼10½vP;qr
ê* ¼11½dkSf”kd î* ¼12½î* ¼13½fod`r ^/k* ¼14½ ^fu*A
vkxs ljyrk ds fy, Hkjr rFkk “kkjaxnso ds “kq) vkSj fod`r Lojksa dks 22&22 Jqfr;ksa ij
LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gS%&
Ø - la - Jqfr dk uke Hkjr ds Loj “kkjaxnso ds Loj
1 Rkhozk dkSf”kd ^fu*
2 dqeq}rh dkdyh ^fu* dkdyh ^fu*
3 eUnzk P;qr ^lk*
4 Nanksorh ^lk* vP;qr ^lk*
5 n;korh
6 jatuh
7 jfDrdk ^js* fod`r ^js*
8 jkSnzh

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9 Øks/kk ^x* ^x*

10 Okftzdk
11 izlkfj.kh vUrj ^x* lk/kkj.k ^x*
12 Ikzhfr vUrj ^x*
13 ektZuh ê* P;qr ê*
14 f{krh
15 jDrk vP;qr ê*
16 Lkanhiuh î* dkSf”kd î*
17 vkykfiuh î*
18 enUrh
19 jksfg.kh
20 jE;k ^/k* fod`r ^/k*
21 mxzk
22 {kksfHk.kh ^fu* ^fu*
Loj* gh rks laxhr dk Ik;kZ; gSA blfy, ^Loj* ds lkFk ftu Ik”kq&if{k;ksa ds lEcU/kksa dh
ppkZ izkphu vkSj vokZphu fo}kuksa us dh gS og Hkh ,d izdkj ls mi;qZDr dkj.kksa ls tqM+h gqÃ gSA
‘kMtkfn ^Lojksa* ls ftu if{k;ksa vkSj Ik”kqvksa dh /ofu;ksa dk lEcU/k tksM+k x;k gS mls blh dkj.k u
rks dksjh dYiuk dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh bu fopkjksa dks fdlh vU; n`f’V ls fujk/kkj dgk tk
ldrk gSA
laxhr edjan esa Ukkjn us ‘kMtkfn Lojksa ds lkFk if{k;ksa ;k Ik”kqvksa dh /ofu dk lEcU/k crk;k
gS] mu lc esa lekurk vf/kd gS vkSj fHkUurk deA ‘kMt] iape vkSj fu’kkn&bu rhu Lojksa ds lkFk
eksj] dks;y vkSj gkFkh dh /ofu;ksa ds lEcU/k esa rks bl oxZ ds lHkh fo}ku ,der gSa “ks’k Lojksa esa
Hkh dksÃ cgqr cM+k erHksn ugha gSA
izkphu dky ds xzUFkdkjksa esa ,d vU; fo”ks’krk ;g Hkh Fkh fd os lIrd dh 22 Jqfr;ksa dks
leku ekurs FksA muds izR;sd ikl&ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk vUrj leku gksrk Fkk vFkkZr ftruk
vUrj igyh Jqfr vkSj nwljh Jqfr esa Fkk mruk gh vUrj nwljh o rhljh Jqfr esa FkkA bl izdkj
lkjh Jqfr;k¡ lekukUrj ij FkhA lekukUrj ij gksus ls mudh vkil dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk vUrj ,d
îzek.k* cu x;k Fkk vkSj os bl vUrj dks îzek.k Jqfr* dgdj iqdkjrs FksA izkphu dky esa os yksx
Lojksa dks Jqfr;ksa ds uke ls iqdkjrs Fks] D;ksafd os ,d lIrd ds 22 cjkcj&cjkcj Hkkx djrs FksA
bl izdkj og fdlh Hkh Loj dks Jqfr ls uki ldrs FksA
3-5 e/;dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj

;g le; 14oha “krkCnh ls 18oha “krkCnh rd ekuk tkrk gSA bl dky esa gedks
mRrj&fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ds pkj izeq[k xzUFk izkIr gksrs gSa] tks bl izdkj gSa&¼1½ dfo ykspu
dh fy[kh Þjkx&rjafx.khß tks yxHkx 15ohas “krkCnh ds vkjEHk esa fy[kh xbZ ¼2½ ia- vgkscy d`r
Þlaxhr ikfjtkrß tks 17oha “krkCnh esa fy[kh xbZ ¼3½ ân; ukjk;.k nso d`r Þân; dkSrqdß vkSj
Þân; izdk”kß tks 17oha “krkCnh ds vUr esa fy[kh xbZ ¼4½ ia- Jhfuokl d`r Þjkx rRo focks/kß tks
18oha “krkCnh esa fy[kk xbZA

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izkphu dky ds xzUFkdkjksa dh rjg e/;dkyhu laxhr xzUFkdkjksa us Hkh vius 7 “kq) Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk Þprq”pSoß okys fl)kUr dks ekudj Lojksa dh vfUre Jqfr ij dh gSA vFkkZr~ e/;dkyhu
“kq) Loj Hkh izkphu dky dh rjg 22 Jqfr;ksa ij bl izdkj LFkkfir gSa& lk&pkSFkh Jqfr ij]
js&lkroha Jqfr ij] x&uoha Jqfr ij] e&rsjgoha Jqfr ij] i&l=goha Jqfr ij] /k&chloha Jqfr ij
rFkk fu&ckbZloha Jqfr ijA
dfo ykspu ds xzUFk Þjkx rjafx.khß esa 18 Lojksa dk o.kZu feyrk gSA ykspu vius “kq) ^js*]
ê* rFkk ^fu* Lojksa dks Øe”k% rhoz ^js*] vfr rhozre ^x* rFkk rhozrj ^/k* dgdj iqdkjrs FksA mUgksaus
vius fod`r Loj] “kq) Loj ds Åij LFkkfir fd, gSaA tSls “kq) x ds ckn rhoz ^x*] rhozrj ^x*]
rhozre ^x* vFkok rhoz ^js* ds ckn rhozrj ^js* bR;kfnA orZeku esa _’kHk] xka/kkj] /kSor] fu’kkn Loj]
“kq) voLFkk ls uhps gksus ij dksey gksrs gSaA vgkscy ds ;gh pkj Loj “kq) voLFkk ls ,d Jqfr
uhps gksus ij dksey vkSj ;gh pkjksa Loj viuh “kq) voLFkk ls nks Jqfr uhps gksus ij iwoZ&fod`r
dgykrs FksA tSls lkroha ij vgkscy dk “kq)&_’kHk] NBh ij dksey&_’kHk vkSj ik¡poha ij
iwoZ&_’kHk gS] ukSoha Jqfr ij “kq)&xka/kkj] vkBoha ij dksey&xka/kkj vkSj lkroha ij iwoZ&xka/kkj gSA
blh izdkj /kSor vkSj fu’kkn Hkh ,d&,d Jqfr ?kVus ij dksey vkSj nks&nks Jqfr ?kVus ij
iwoZ&fod`r dgykrs FksA vr% pkj dksey vkSj pkj gh iwoZ fod`r dqy vkB fod`r&Loj vius “kq)
voLFkk ls uhps gksus ij curs FksA bl izdkj vgkscy us 14 rhoz vkSj 8 dksey feykdj 22
fod`r&Loj dgs gSa vkSj mUgksaus buesa lkr “kq) Lojksa dks feyk dj dqy 29 Lojksa dk mYys[k
laxhr&ikfjtkr esa fd;kA ykspu rFkk vgkscy ds fofHkUu Lojksa dks 22 Jqfr;ksa ij LFkkfir djds
le>k;k tkrk gS %&
Jqfr-la- ykspu ds Loj vgkscy ds Loj
1 rhoz ^fu*
2 rhozrj ^fu*
3 rhozre ^fu*
4 ^lk* ^lk*
5 iwoZ ^js*
6 dkssey ^js*
7 rhoz ^js* iwoZ ^x*
8 rhozrj ^js* dkssey ^x*
9 ^Xk* ^Xk*
10 rhoz ^x*
11 rhozrj ^x*
12 rhozre ^x*
13 vfr rhozre ^x* ê*
14 rhoz ê*
15 rhozrj ê*
16 rhozre ê*
17 î*
18 iwoZ ^/k*
19 dksey ^/k*
20 ^/k* iwoZ ^fu*
21 rhoz ^/k* dksey ^fu*
22 rhozrj ^/k* ^fu*
vgkscy ds fjDr LFkku] ykspu ds Loj ds leku gSaA

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e/;dky ds vU; xzUFkdkjksa us Hkh vius Loj blh izdkj ckbZl Jqfr;ksa ij LFkkfir fd, FksA
dsoy ykspu vkSj vgkscy ds Lojksa ls gh ge e/;dkyhu Jqfr&Loj&foHkktu dks vPNh rjg le>
ldrs gSaA blh dky esa nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds fo}kuksa us fofHkUu Loj ckbZl Jqfr;ksa ij LFkkfir
fd, gSaA
ia- O;adVeq[kh us Lo.kZ vkSj mlls cus vkHkw’k.kksa esa tks vUrj gS] ogh Jqfr vkSj Loj esa dgk
gSA izkphu xzUFkdkj Hkjrkfn ds vuqlkj O;adVeq[kh us ckbl Jqfr;k¡ Lohdkj dh gSaA ckbZl Jqfr;ksa esa
Lojksa dk foHkktu djrs gq, dgk gS fd ‘kM~t ls rhljh Jqfr ij “kq)&_’kHk] “kq)&_’kHk ls nwljh
Jqfr ij “kq)&xka/kkj] “kq)&xka/kkj ls e/;e dh pkj Jqfr;k¡ gSa] ftuesa ls izFke ij lk/kkj.k&xka/kkj]
lk/kkj.k&xka/kkj ls nwljh Jqfr ij vUrj&xka/kkj vkSj vUrj&xka/kkj ls ,d Jqfr ij “kq)&e/;e dgk
gSA “kq)&e/;e ls pkj Jqfr dk iape fo}kuksa us ekuk gS] ftuesa ls rhljh Jqfr ij ojkyh&e/;e]
ojkyh&Ek/;e ls ,d Jqfr ij iape] iape ls rhljh Jqfr ij “kq)&/kSor] “kq) /kSor ls nwljh Jqfr
ij “kq)&fu’kkn gSA ‘kM~t pkj Jqfr dk dgk x;k gS] ftlesa igyh Jqfr ij dkSf”kd&fu’kkn]
dkSf”kd&fu’kkn ls nwljh Jqfr ij dkdyh&fu’kkn vkSj dkdyh&fu’kkn ls ,d Jqfr ij Lo;a ‘kM~t
fo|eku gSA
O;adVeq[kh us eq[kkjh jkx ds Lojksa dks “kq) ekuk gSA ftlds Loj fgUnqLrkuh laxhr ds
vuqlkj lk js js e Ik /k /k lka gksrk gSA jkekekR; vkSj lkseukFk tks fd prqnZ.Mh izdkf”kdk ds iwoZ
ds xzUFkdkj gSa] dk uke fy, fcuk prqnZ.Mh eas dgk x;k gS fd dqN yksx lkr fod`r Loj ekurs gSa
ij prqnZ.Mh izdkf”kdk esa dqy ikap gh fod`r Loj ekus x, gSaA ftuds uke gSa& ¼1½ lk/kkj.k&xka/kkj
¼2½ vUrj&xka/kkj ¼3½ ojkyh&e/;e ¼4½ dSf”kd&fu’kkn ¼5½ dkdyh&fu’kknA
“kq)&xka/kkj tc ukSoha Jqfr ls ,d Jqfr Å¡pk gksdj nloha Jqfr ij tkrk gS rks
lk/kkj.k&xka/kkj gks tkrk gS vkSj ogh nks Jqfr vkSj Å¡pk gksdj ckjgoha Jqfr ij vUrj&xka/kkj
dgykrk gS] xka/kkj ds ;s nks fod`r&:Ik gq,A e/;e dk ,d fod`r&:Ik gS tks fd iape dh rhljh
Jqfr ij rFkk “kq)&e/;e ls rhu Jqfr Å¡pk gS ,oa vkjEHk ls lksygoha Jqfr ij gS] bls bUgksaus ,d
u;k uke ojkyh&e/;e fn;kA blh Jqfr ij jkekekR; us ^P;qr&iape&e/;e^ o lkseukFk us
ê`nq&iape* dgk gSA “kq)&fu’kkn tks fd ckbZloha Jqfr ij gS] mlls vkxs izFke Jqfr ij og
dSf”kd&fu’kkn vkSj rhljh Jqfr ij dkdyh&fu’kkn dgykrk gSA
ia- Jhfuokl us Hkh ia- vgkscy ds gh vuqlkj oh.kk ds rkj dh yEckbZ ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk
djds Lojksa dks JO; ds lkFk&lkFk n`”; Hkh cuk fn;k] ftlls Lojksa dh fLFkfr esa dksbZ la”k; ugha
jgkA izkphu laxhr blhfy, vkt izpkj esa ugha gS D;ksafd ml le; ds Loj fo”oLr ls Kkr ugha
gSaA “kq) vkSj fod`r dqy ckjg Loj gh gSa bl ij cy fn;k x;k gSA ,d vU; er ds vuqlkj 22
ds LFkku ij 24 Jqfr;ksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA ftlesa lk] js] e] Ik] /k dh pkj&pkj vkSj x]
fu dh nks&nks Jqfr;k¡ crkbZ xbZ gSaA
,d lIrd ds dqy ckjg gh “kq)&fod`r Loj ekus gSaA tcfd vU; ledkyhu xzUFkksa esa
fod`r Lojksa dh la[;k vyx&vyx gSA ia- Jhfuokl us oh.kk ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk djds Loj
lEcU/kh vfuf”prrk dks lnk ds fy, lekIr dj fn;kA tc ckjg gh Loj gSa rks lcds nks&nks Hkkx
djds D;ksa u 24 Jqfr;k¡ eku yh tk,¡A 22 Jqfr;ksa dk gh mi;ksx gS ;s Hkh bl xzUFk eas Li’V gSA
;|fi 24 Jqfr;k¡ ia- Jhfuokl us vU; er ls nh gSaA
Jqfr;ksa ds fo’k; esa izkphu lkj.kk&prq’V;h }kjk Jqfr;kas dh la[;k vkSj tSlk mudh le> esa
vk;k mudh eki vkfn dk o.kZu fd;k gSA Hkjr o “kkjaxnso us eki ds fo’k; esa Jqfr;ksa dks leku
vleku dqN ugha dgkA Hkkr[k.Ms th ds fopkj ls izkphu xzUFkdkjksa dh Jqfr;k¡ leku Fkh vkSj
e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dh vlekuA vkxs pydj if.Mr vksedkj ukFk Bkdqj] vkpk;Z c`ºLifr vkfn
us izkphu xzUFkdkjksa dh Jqfr;ksa dks vleku fl) fd;k] ;|fi izkphu xzUFkdjksa dh Jqfr;ksa ds eki ds
lEcU/k esa vc Hkh erHksn gaS ij pw¡fd Hkkr[k.Ms th dh fopkj /kkjk dk izpkj vf/kd gqvk vr% bUgha
dk er vusd uohu “kks/kksa ds mijkUr Hkh izpkj esa gSA

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izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa esa lcls izeq[k vUrj ;g Fkk fd e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkj
izkphu xzUFkdkjksa dh rjg viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks leku ugha ekurs FksA e/;dky ds lkjs xzUFkdkj
viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks vleku ekurs FksA bl dkj.k mUgksaus vius Lojksa dh LFkkiuk Jqfr;ksa ds
ek/;e ls u djds oh.kk ds rkj ij fofHkUu yEckb;ksa ls dh gSA oh.kk ds rkj ij e/;dkyhu Lojksa
dh LFkkiuk vkxs nh tk,xhA
izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa esa ,d leku fo”ks’krk ;g Fkh fd os yksx vius lkr “kq)
Lojksa dks vk/kqfud dkQh jkx ds Lojksa ds leku ekurs Fks vFkkZr muds “kq) Lojksa esa fu’kkn Loj
dksey yxrs FksA
3-6 vk/kqfud dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj

vk/kqfud dky mUuhloha “krkCnh ls vkjEHk gksrk gSA bl le; fy[ks x, xzUFkksa esa ia-
Hkkr[k.Ms ds nks xzUFk ÞvfHkuo jkx eatjhß rFkk Þlaxhr ekfydkß izeq[k gSaA ia- Hkkr[k.Ms us lIrd ds
lkr “kq) Lojksa dh LFkkiuk ckbZl Jqfr;ksa ij izkphu o e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dh rjg
Þprq”prq”prq”pSoß okys izfl) fl)kUr ds vuqlkj dh gSA ijUrq mUgkasus vius “kq) Lojksa dks izkphu
o e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dh rjg mudh vfUre Jqfr ij u j[kdj mudks izFke Jqfr ij LFkkfir
fd;k gSA dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd ftl izdkj izkphu o e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Loj dks
mldh vfUre Jqfr ij j[krs Fks] ia-Hkkr[k.Ms us vius “kq) Loj dks mldh igyh Jqfr j[kk gSA bl
izdkj ia- Hkkr[k.Ms us lIrd ds lkr “kq) Lojksa dks uhps fy[kh Jqfr;ksa ij LFkkfir fd;k gS&
lk&igyh Jqfr ij] js&ik¡poha Jqfr ij] x&vkBoha Jqfr ij] e&nloha Jqfr ij] i&pkSngoha Jqfr ij]
/k&vBkjgoha Jqfr ij vkSj fu&bDdloha Jqfr ijA
ia- Hkkr[k.Ms us 7 “kq) Lojksa ds vfrfjDr 5 fod`r Loj ekusa gSa vkSj bl izdkj dqy feykdj
,d lIrd esa ckjg Loj ekus gSaA ;gh ckjg Loj vkt fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa iz;ksx fd, tkrs
gSaA uhps ia- Hkkr[k.Ms ds Lojksa dks ckbZl Jqfr;ksa ij LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA 22 Jqfr;ksa esa Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk dks ysdj ,d uohu n`f’Vdks.k ls izkphu ‘kM~t&xzke dh Jqfr;ksa dh O;oLFkk dks fcuk
ifjofrZr fd, Hkkr[k.Ms th us Loj dh vfUre Jqfr ds LFkku ij Lojksa dks IkzFke ij LFkkfir djds
fcykoy dks gh izkphu vk/kkj fn;kA
Loj & ”kq) Loj rks izkphu dky ls vkt rd iwjh nqfu;k esa lkr gh ekus tkrs gSaA fod`r Lojksa dks
ysdj vusd er gSa] tSls Hkjr us nks] “kkjaxnso us ckjg] vgkscy us ckbZl] ykspu us nl] jkekekR; us
lkr vkSj O;adVeq[kh us dsoy ik¡p fod`r&Loj ekusA Hkkr[k.Ms th ij O;adVeq[kh dk izHkko vusd
fcUnqvksa esa n`f’Vxkspj gksrk gSA vr% mUgksus y{;&laaxhr esa lkr “kq) vkSj ik¡p fod`r Loj feykdj
dqy ckjg Lojksa dks vk/kkj iznku fd;kA
Jqfr;ksa esa Lojksa dh O;oLFkk ds fo’k; esa izkphu er dk mYys[k djrs gq, mlds foijhr Øe
dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA izkphu Øe esa pkSFkh] lkroha] ukSoha] rsjgoha] lr~jgoh] chloha vkSj ckbZloha
Jqfr;ksa ij ‘kM~t] _’kHk vkfn Loj LFkkfir fd, x, gSa ysfdu orZeku esa fgUnqLrkuh laxhr&i)fr
esa Lojksa dks foijhr&Øe ls LkaLFkkfir djus dk mYys[k gSA tSls ‘kM~t dh pkj Jqfr;k¡ gS rks igyh
Jqfr ij ‘kM~t] ik¡poha ij _’kHk¼_’kHk dh rhu Jqfr;ksa esa ls izFke ij] ijUrq vkjEHk ls fxuus ij
ik¡poha½] vkBoha ij xka/kkj] nloha ij e/;e] pkSngoha ij iape] vBkjgoha ij /kSor] bDdhloha ij
fu’kkn Loj LFkkfir fd, x, gSaA
fod`r&Loj & Loj tc viuh “kq) voLFkk ls Å¡pk ;k uhpk gksrk gS rks mls fod`r dgk x;k gSA
e/;e viuh “kq) voLFkk ls Å¡pk gks rks mls rhoz&fod`r rFkk _’kHk] xka/kkj] /kSor rFkk fu’kkn
viuh “kq) voLFkk ls uhps gksus ij dksey&fod`r dgs x, gSaA bl izdkj lkr “kq) vkSj ik¡p fod`r
Lojksa dks feykdj dqy ckjg Lojksa dk mYys[k gSA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
oh.kk ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk & oh.kk ds rkj dh YkEckbZ ds vk/kkj ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk dk fopkj ia-
Hkkr[k.Ms us fn;k gSA xzUFkdkj dk er gS fd Loj dku ds lkFk&lkFk vk¡[k dk Hkh fo’k; gks tk,
ftlls vis{kkd`r vf/kd Li’Vhdj.k gks ldsxk] blfy, oh.kk ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA
oh.kk ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk djrs le; ia- Hkkr[k.Ms dk dFku gS fd îwoZ* es: ¼Bridge½ vkSj
^vUR;* es: ds Bhd e/; esa rkj&’kM~t] rkj&’kM~t vkSj iwoZ es: ds e/; vfrrkj&’kM~t] vUr; es:
vkSj rkj&’kM~t ds e/; “kq)&e/;e] vUr; es: vkSj rkj&’kM~t ds rhu Hkkx djds vUR; es: dh
vksj ls nwljs Hkkx ij iape] vUR; es: vkSj iape ds rhu Hkkx djds vUR; es: dh vksj ls izFke
Hkkx ij _’kHk] iape vkSj rkj&’kM~t ds e/; /kSor gS ftls _’kHk ls ‘kM~t&iape Hkko ls laoknh
gksuk vko”;d gSA vUR; es: vkSj /kSor ds e/; rhoz&xka/kkj ls ‘kM~t&iape Hkko ls fu’kkn izkIr
djsaA
mUgksaus fod`r Lojksa ds fy, bl izdkj dgk gS fd es: vkSj _’kHk ds e/; dksey&_’kHk]
es: vkSj iape ds e/; dksey&xka/kkj] e/;e vkSj iape ds chp rhoz&e/;e] dksey&_’kHk ls
‘kM~t&iape Hkko ls laokn djrk gqvk dksey&/kSor] iape vkSj rkj&’kM~t ds rhu Hkkx djds iape
dh vksj ls nwljs Hkkx ij dksey&fu’kkn dgk gSA
vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj viuh 22 Jqfr;k¡ e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dh rjg vleku ekurs gSaA
Hkkr[k.Ms th us Hkh Lojksa dh LFkkiuk oh.kk ds rkj dh yEckbZ ij fofHkUu ukiksa ls dh gSA ijUrq
vk/kqfud xzUFkdkjksa dh oh.kk ij Lojksa dh LFkkiuk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dh LFkkiuk ls dqN fHkUu
gSA vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Lojksa dks fcykoy FkkV ds leku ekurs gSa vFkkZr muds “kq) lIrd
esa xka/kkj rFkk fu’kkn Loj izkphu o e/;dkyhu Lojksa dh rjg dksey ugha gSaA
Jqfr-la- Jqfr dk uke vk/kqfud “kq) rFkk fod`r ckjg Lojksa dh LFkkiuk
1 Rkhozk ¼1½ ‘kM~t
2 dqeq}rh
3 eUnzk ¼2½ dksey _’kHk
4 Nanksorh
5 n;korh
6 jatuh ¼3½ “kq) _’kHk
7 jfDrdk
8 jkSnzh ¼4½ dksey xka/kkj
9 Øks/kk ¼5½ “kq) xka/kkj
10 Okftzdk
11 izlkfj.kh ¼6½ 'kq) e/;e
12 Ikzhfr
13 ektZuh ¼7½ rhoz e/;e
14 f{kfr
15 jDrk
16 lanhiuh ¼8½ iape
17 vkykfiuh
18 enUrh ¼9½ dksey /kSor
19 jksfg.kh ¼10½ “kq) /kSor
20 jE;k
21 Åxzk ¼11½ dksey fu’kkn
22 {kksfHk.kh ¼12½ “kq) fu’kkn
Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
vk/kqfud xzUFkdkjksa esa ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ fo”ks’krk ;g gS fd ;s yksx ik'pkR; laxhrKksa dh
rjg vius “kq) rFkk fod`r Lojksa dks fofHkUu vkUnksyu la[;kvksa ds vk/kkj ij LFkkfir djrs gSa]
tcfd izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dks ;g lk/ku ekywe ugha FkkA Loj rFkk vkUnksyu la[;k
ds fo’k; dks vkxs Li’V fd;k tk,xkA
la{ksi esa Åij fn, x, rhuksa dkyksa ds Jqfr&Loj foHkktu ds vUrj dks ge bl izdkj le>
ldrs gSa%&
¼1½ izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Lojksa dks mudh vfUre Jqfr ij LFkkfir djrs FksA
vFkkZr~ lk&pkSFkh Jqfr ij] js&lkroha Jqfr ij] x&uoha Jqfr ij] e&rsjgoha Jqfr ij] i&l=goha Jqfr
ij] /k&chloha Jqfr ij rFkk fu&ckbZloha Jqfr ijA ijUrq vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Lojksa dks
mudh igyh Jqfr ij LFkkfir djrs gSa vFkkZr~ lk&igyh ij] js&ik¡poha ij] x&vkBoha ij] e&nloha
ij] i&pkSngoha ij] /k&vBkjgoha ij vkSj fu&bDdhloha Jqfr ijA
¼2½ izkphu xzUFkdkj viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks leku ekurs FksA mudh vkil dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk vUrj
,d izek.k cu x;k Fkk vkSj bl izdkj og fdlh Hkh Loj dks Jqfr }kjk uki fy;k djrs FksA ijUrq
e/;dkyhu rFkk vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks leku ugha ekursA mUgksaus Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk Jqfr;ksa ds uki ls u djds oh.kk ds rkj dh yEckbZ ij fofHkUu ukiksa ls dh gSA
¼3½ izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Loj lIrd dks vk/kqfud dkQh FkkV ds leku ekurs
Fks vFkkZr~ muds “kq) Loj esa xka/kkj rFkk fu’kkn Loj dksey yxrs FksA ijUrq vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj
fcykoy FkkV dks viuk “kq) Loj lIrd ekurs gSaA muds lkr “kq) Lojksa esa xka/kkj rFkk fu’kkn Loj
izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu Lojksa dh rjg dksey ugha gSA
¼4½ izkphu rFkk e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa dks Lojksa dh vkUnksyu la[;k fudkyus dk Kku ugha FkkA
ijUrq vk/kqfud dky ds xzUFkdkjksa dks ik”pkR; laxhrKksa dh rjg Lojksa dh vkUnksyu la[;k
fudkyus dk Kku FkkA
izkphu xzUFkdkjksa dh leku Jqfr;k ¡ ¼ l kj.kk prq’V;h ½ & tSlk fd igys cryk;k tk pqdk gS
fd izkphu xzUFkdkj viuh ckbZl Jqfr;ksa dks leku ekurs FksA mudh ikl&ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa dk
vUrj ,d izek.k vFkok fuf”pr uki Fkk tks lIrd dh izR;sd ikl dh nks Jqfr;ksa ds chp esa gksrk
FkkA vFkkZr~ mudh igyh vkSj nwljh Jqfr esa tks vUrj Fkk] ogh rhljh] pkSFkh vkSj ikapoha vkfn
Jqfr;ksa esa FkkA izkphu dky ds nks xzUFk izeq[k gSa&,d Hkjr eqfu dk ûkV~;”kkL=* rFkk nwljk
“kkjaxnso d`r ^laxhr jRukdj*A Hkjr eqfu us vius xzUFk ûkV~;“kkL=* esa Jqfr ppkZ djrs gq, ^lkj.kk
prq’V;h* esa ,d iz;ksx fy[kk gS] ftlls Li’V gksrk gS fd izkphu xzUFkdkj viuh Jqfr;k¡ leku
ekurs FksA bl iz;ksx esa îzek.k Jqfr* dk cgqr egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA
3-7 nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr ifjp;
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl & ukV~;”kkL= ls ysdj laxhrjkt xzUFkksa ds v/;;u ls
;gh irk pyrk gS fd lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa ,d gh laxhr i)fr izpfyr FkhA ukV~;”kkL= esa fdlh Hkh
fo”ks’k LFkku ls lEcfU/kr lkaxhfrd laLd`fr dk o.kZu ugha gS] ftls nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ;k
dukZVd laxhr ekuk tk,A dqN fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj laxhrjRukdj ds Vhdkdkj dfYyukFk ds dFku
ls ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd muds le; rd nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds i`Fkd :Ik dk izkjEHk gks x;k
FkkA dfYyukFk }kjk fofHkUu laKkvksa tSls iapJqfrd] ‘kMJqfrd] tU;&tud esy vkfn dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkuk ml le; esa nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds vfLrRo dks n”kkZrk gSA laxhrjRukdj ds dky esa

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr ds cht vadqfjr gks pqds FksA laxhr dh nks iz.kkfy;k¡ izpfyr gS] muesa
ls ,d dks dukZVdh vkSj nwljh dks fgUnqLrkuh iz.kkyh dgk tkrk gSA enzkl ds vkl&ikl ds {ks= esa
tks laxhr iz.kkyh izfl) gS mldks dukZVdh dgk tkrk gS rFkk “ks’k Hkkjr esa loZ= fgUnqLRkkuh
iz.kkyh izpfyr gSA^^
izkphu dky ls ysdj 1300 bZ0 rd iwjs Hkkjr esa ,d gh “kkL=h; laxhr dk izpyu FkkA
eqlyekuksa ds vkus ds Ik”pkr Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa eqfLye laLd`fr dk izHkko iM+us yxkA Hkkjr dk
mRrjh {ks= eqfLye¼Qkjl] bZjku bR;kfn½ laLd`fr] laxhr] dyk vkfn ls vR;f/kd izHkkfor gqvkA
ftldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd tks laxhr bZ”oj dh vkjk/kuk ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS og “kkldksa dks
[kq”k djus ,oa HkkSfrd lk/kuksa dh izkfIr ds lk/ku ds :Ik esa iz;ksx gksus yxkA nf{k.kh {ks= eqlyekuksa
ds vkdze.k ls cpk jgk ftldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd ogk¡ dk laxhr cká laLd`fr ls vizHkkfor
jgkA blds ifj.kkeLo:Ik gh Hkkjrh; laxhr esa nks vyx&vyx “kSyh mRrjh ,oa nf{k.kh laxhr
i)fr dk fuekZ.k gqvkA^^
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Loj & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa “kq) rFkk fod`r Loj feykdj dqy 12
Loj gaSA ^lk^ vkSj î^ vpy Loj gaS rFkk “ks’k py Loj dgykrs gSaA py Loj tc vius LFkku ls
Åij ;k uhps gksa rks mUgsa dze”k% rhoz ;k “kq} Loj dgrs gSaA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa “kq) Lojksa dh
fLFkfr mRRkj Hkkjrh; laxhr ds leku gh gSA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa fod`r Lojksa dh fLFkfr mRrj
Hkkjrh; laxhr ls vyx gS rFkk buds ukeksa esa Hkh fHkUurk gSA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa Loj dh “kq)
fLFkfr igys ekuh tkrh gS rFkk “kq} Loj ds ckn fod`r Loj vkrs gSa] tks izkphu Hkkjrh; laxhr
ijEijk ds leku gSA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; o mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Lojksa dh fLFkfr fuEu rkfydk ls
le>h tk ldrh gSA
mRrj Hkkjrh; Loj nf{k.k Hkkjrh; Loj
1- ‘kM~t & ‘kM~t
2- dksey _’kHk & “kq) _’kHk
3- “kq) _’kHk & prq%Jqfr _’kHk ;k “kq) xkU/kkj
4- dksey xkU/kkj & ‘kV~Jqfr _’kHk ;k lk/kkj.k xkU/kkj
5- “kq) xkU/kkj & vUrj xkU/kkj
6- “kq) e/;e & “kq) e/;e
7- rhoz e/;e & izfr e/;e
8- iape & iape
9- dksey /kSor & “kq) /kSor
10-“kq) /kSor & prq%Jqfr /kSor ;k “kq) fu’kkn
11-dksey fu’kkn & ‘kV~Jqfr /kSor ;k dSf”kd fu’kkn
12-“kq) fu’kkn & dkdfy fu’kkn
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds FkkV & mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa ftls ^FkkV^ dgrs gSa] nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr
esa mls êsy^ dgk tkrk gSA esy ds vk/kkj ij jkx oxhZdj.k dk Js; ia0 O;adVeq[kh dks tkrk gSA
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr esa dqy 72 esy ekus x, gSaA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; i)fr esa ,d gh esy¼FkkV½
esa ,d Loj ds nks :iksa dk iz;ksx ,d lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gS] ijUrq mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr esa ;g
iz;ksx ekU; ugha gSA mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr ds nl FkkVksa ds led{k nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds esy
fuEu rkfydk esa of.kZr gSa %&
fgUnqLrkuh FkkV esydrkZ
1- HkSjoh & guqer rksM+h
2- HkSjo & ek;kekyoxkSM
3- vklkojh & uVHkSjoh

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
4- dkQh & [kjgjfi;k
5- [kekt & gfjdkEHkksth
6- fcykoy & /khj”kadjkHkj.ke~
7- rksM+h & “kqHkiarqojkyh
8- iwohZ & dkeof/kZuh
9- ekjok & xeufiz;k
10-dY;k.k & espdY;k.kh
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dh jpuk,a %&

1- ine~ & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; i)fr esa ine~ dk fo”ks’k LFkku gSA ine~ esa eq[; :Ik ls rhu iafDr;k¡
gksrh gS&iYyoh] vuqiYyoh o pj.ke~A ine~ ds jfp;rkvksa esa iqjUnjnkl] dudnkl] txUunkl]
rFkk eqV~Vq rk.Mo dk uke izeq[k gSA 17oha lnh ds {ks=K ds ine~ vR;f/kd izpfyr gq,A ine~ ds
vU; jpukdkjksa esa ratkSj ds ujs”k “kkgth¼ejkBh o rsyxq Hkk’kk esa½] Lokrh fr:uy egkjkt¼laLd`r]
rsyxw o ey;kye Hkk’kk esa½ o lqCckjk; v¸;j dk uke vkrk gSA
2- dhrZu@dhrZue~ & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr dh egRoiw.kZ jpukvksa esa dhrZu dk uke vkrk
gSA dhrZu Hkxoku dh mikluk lEcfU/kr jpuk gS tks jkx o rky es fuc} gksrh gSA blds rhu vax
ekus x, gSa&iYyoh] vuqiYyoh o pj.ke~ tks izkphu izcU/k ds vo;o dze”k% /kqqzo] varjk o vkHkksx ds
leku gSA dqN dhrZu vuqiYyoh jfgr Hkh gksrs gSaA dhrZu esa ,d ls vf/kd pj.k Hkh gks ldrs gSaA
14oha&15oha “krkCnh ds rkyikde~] dhrZu ds izFke jpukdkj FksA vU; jfp;rkvksa esa Jh R;kxjkt]
eqrqLokeh nhf{krkj] “;kek”kkL=h] iq:Unjnkl] Lokfr fr:uky vkfn dk uke vkrk gSA
3- d`fr & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dh jpuk d`fr] dhrZu dk fodflr :Ik ekuh tkrh gSA dykRed
n`f’V ls ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ jpuk gSA dqN fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj bldh mRifRr 15oha “krkCnh ds
mRrjk/kZ esa ekuh xbZ gSA d`fr esa eq[;r% Jàxkj] d:.k o HkfDr jl dh iz/kkurk gksrh gSA blesa
Hkkoi{k dh vis{kk dyki{k dh iz/kkurk gksrh gSA ;g izpfyr o vizpfyr nksuksa izdkj ds jkxksa esa
fuc) feyrh gS rFkk xkbZ tkrh gSA d`fr esa Loj dk izeq[k LFkku gS rFkk lkfgR; xkS.k jgrk gSA
blds rhuksa vaxksa&iYyoh] vuqiYyoh rFkk pj.ke~ dk iz;ksx dze ls fd;k tkrk gSA
4- o.kZe~ & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr dh jpukvksa esa o.kZe~ dk izeq[k LFkku gSA dukZVd laxhr esa
jkx Lo:Ik fu/kkZj.k esa bldk Kku vko”;d gSA dukZVd laxhr esa xk;d o oknd ds fy, o.kZe~
dh f”k{kk vfuok;Z ekuh xbZ gSA jkx Lo:Ik ds fu/kkZj.k o Li’Vhdj.k gsrq gj jkx dks LFkkbZ] vkjksgh]
vojksgh vkSj lapkjh o.kZ esa jpus ds dkj.k bldks o.kZe~ uke fn;k x;kA lHkkxku vkSj oknu esa
loZizFke o.kZe~ gh xk;k ;k ctk;k tkrk gSA o.kZe~ ds nks Hkkx gSa & 1- iwokZax 2- mRrjkaxA
5- tkoyh & ;g nf{k.k ds tkoy “kCn ls cuk gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS Jàxkje; xhrA ;g
vk/kqfud xhr dk izdkj gSA tkoy eq[;r% Jàxkj jl iz/kku gksrh gSA bldk fo’k; eq[;r% uk;d o
ukf;dk ds izse lEcU/kksa ij vk/kkfjr jgrk gSA bldk bfrgkl 100&200 o’kZ iwoZ ls feyrk gSA ;g
mRRkj Hkkjr dh xk;u “kSyh Bqejh ls feyrh tqayrh gSA tkoyh esa Hkh vU; jpukvksa dh Hkk¡fr
iYyoh] vuqiYyoh rFkk pj.ke~ vax gksrs gSaA ;g eq[;r% ijt] [kekt] dkQh] fogkx] f>a>ksVh vkfn
jkxksa esa xkbZ tkrh gS rFkk blds lkFk izk;% vkfn] :id] pkiq vkfn rkyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
blds jpukdjksa esa Lokfr fr:uky] iV~V.ke~ lqczgkz.k;e] Jhfuokl v;~;axkj vkfn dk uke izeq[k :Ik
ls fy;k tkrk gSA
6- frYykuk & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dh izeq[k xk;u “kSfy;ksa esa frYykuk dk viuk vyx LFkku
gSA ;g mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr ds rjkuk ds led{k gSA Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr ds rjkuk uked xhr
dk Lo:Ik nf{k.kkR; laxhr dk frYykuk gSA bldk iz;ksx nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa u`R; ds lkFk Hkh
fd;k tkrk gSA blesa eq[; :Ik ls rkse] ruu] u] ns] f/ku~ tSls fujFkZd v{kj] lksydV~Vq vFkkZr~
ikVq{kj¼rfjfdV½ vkSj Loj rFkk pj.ke~ esa in jgrk gSA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
7- jkxekfydk & ,slh jpuk ftlesa fHkUu&fHkUu izd`fr ds jkxksa dk feJ.k gks mls jkxekfydk
dgrs gSaA ;g ,d yEch jpuk gS ftls fHkUu&fHkUu jkxksa esa vyx&vyx [k.M+kas esa xk;k tkrk gSA
blesa ,d ckr dk /;ku j[kuk vko”;d gS fd leku Lojksa ds jkxksa dks ikl uk j[kk tk,A
jkxekfydk eas iz;qDr rky “kq: ls ysdj vUr rd ,d gh jgrk gSA blds jpf;rkvksa dks ;g
LorU=rk gksrh gS fd og fdu jkxksa dk pquko djsa o mudk dze D;k j[kk tk,A blds Hkh rhu vax
iYyoh] vuqiYyoh o pj.ke~ gksrs gSaA
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr ds izeq[k ok| & izkphudky esa mRrj o nf{k.k laxhr i)fr;ksa esa ok|
leku gh Fks fdUrq ckn esa vyx okrkoj.k] fofHkUu xk;u “kSfy;ksa o ok|ksa ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk
buesa Hkh ifjorZu gksus yxs] bl dkj.k dqN u, ok| Hkh vfLrRo esa vk,A vkt nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa
ok|ksa] mudh cukoV o mudh oknu “kSfy;ksa esa dkQh vUrj vk x;k gSA
1- csyk ok| & nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr esa csyk LorU= o laxr ok| nksuksa ds :Ik esa izeq[k
LFkku j[krk gSA xk;u esa bldk fo”ks’k iz;ksx vkyki djrs le; o rku vkfn fdz;kvksa dk vuqdj.k
djus esa fd;k tkrk gSA
2- nf{k.kkR; oh.kk & oh.kk dk Hkh nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA bldk iz;ksx LorU=
oknu o laxr ok| nksuksa :Ik esa fd;k tkrk gSA izkphu dky ls gh oh.kk dk laxhr esa egRoiw.kZ
LFkku gSA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr esa vHkh Hkh oh.kk vR;Ur yksdfiz; o fodflr :Ik esa izpfyr gSA
dukZVd i)fr esa blds yksdfiz; gksus ds dkj.k bldks le; ds vuqlkj yxkrkj fodflr fd;k
tkrk gSA
3- ukxLoje~ ;k rw;Z & dukZVd laxhr ds ok| esa ukxLoje ;k rw;Z dk viuk LFkku gSA nsoky;ksa
esa] ekaxfyd dk;Zdzeksa esa] mRlo vkfn voljksa esa bldk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;g vkPpk ydM+h dk
cuk gksrk gS ftldh yEckbZ yxHkx Ms<+ gkFk gksrh gSA blesa lkr Lojksa ds jU/kz gksrs gSa tks pkSFkkbZ
vaxqy O;kl ds curs gSaA eq[; ukxLoje~ ds vykok ,d vU; ukxLoje~ dk iz;ksx Loj nsus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA
4- e`naxe~ & ;g dukZVdh laxhr dk izeq[k rky ok| gSA e`naxe~ esa iwM+h dk peM+k mRrj Hkkjrh;
i[kkot dh vis{kk eksVk gksrk gSA mRrj Hkkjr e`nax dh fdukj dk peM+k ,d bap O;kl dk j[kk
tkrk gS] tcfd nf{k.k Hkkjrh; e`naxe~ esa fdukjs dk ;g peM+k L;kgh ds LFkku dks NksM+dj iwM+h dk
leLr LFkku ?ksjrk gSA bl rjg e`naxe~ esa pk¡V vkSj L;kgh ds Hkkx fn[kkbZ nsrs gaS tcfd i[kkot esa
iwM+h] pk¡V] yo rFkk L;kgh bu rhuksa Hkkxksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; rky i)fr & dukZVd ;k nf{k.k rky i)fr esa 35 rkyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
dukZVd rky i)fr esa lkr eq[; rky gSaA laxhr ds fdz;kRed i{k esa rkyksa dh vi;kZI;rk dks
ns[krs gq, bu rkyksa esa O;ogkfjr vaxksa dks nqxquk] pkSxquk] iapxquk] N%xquk vkSj ukSxquk djds bu
lkr rkyksa ls gh iSarhl rkyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA nf{k.k rky i)fr esa vax dk cgqr egRo
gSA vax 6 izdkj ds gksrs gaSA rkyksa ds Lo:Ik dks izdV djus o rky fy[kus ;k iznf”kZr djus ds
fy, budk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tks dke mRRkj Hkkjrh; rky i)fr esa foHkkxksa dk gS ogh nf{k.k esa
vaxksa dk gSA fuEu rkfydk ls vki vaxksa dks le> ldsaxs%&
dze vax Ukke Ekk=k fpUg
1 v.kqnzqr 1 W
2 nqzr 2 0
3 Yk?kq 4 A
4 xq: 8 · ;k 8
5 Iyqr 12 3 ;k 8
6 dkdin 16 $
Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; o mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr;ksa dh lekurk,a %&
1- nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa ,d lIrd ds vUrxZr 22 Jqfr;ka vkSj 12 “kq} vkSj fod`r Loj gksrs gaSA Loj
LFkkuksa esa Hkh yxHkx lekurk gSA
2- nf{k.k laxhr i)fr esa esyjkx oxhZdj.k izpfyr gS rFkk mRrj Hkkjr esa FkkV&jkx oxhZdj.kA
esy o FkkV nksuksa “kCnksa dk eryc ,d gh gSA nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa FkkV@esy dks tud rFkk jkx dks
tU; ekuk x;k gSA FkkV jkx oxhZdj.k dk Js; ia0 Hkkr[kaMs th dks rFkk esy jkx oxhZdj.k dk Js;
ia0 O;adVeq[kh dks tkrk gSA
3- nksuksa i)fr;ksa dh dqN rkysa Hkh leku gSaA tSls mRrj Hkkjr dh pkjrky o ,drky] nf{k.k dh
prL= tkfr dh vB rky ds led{k gSA
4- nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa foHkkx dh izFke ek=k ij rkyh nsus dk izko/kku gSA
5- nksuksa i)fr;ksa esa dqN jkx Hkh leku gaSA tSls gal/ofu] pk:ds”kh] ukjk;.kh] vkHkksxh] fdjok.kh]
dykorh vkfnA [kekt o fogkx nf{k.k esa mRrj Hkkjr ds leku gh xk, tkrs gSaA fgaMkSy jkx mRrj
ds ekydkSal ds led{k gSA
6- nksuksa i)fr;ksa dh dqN xk;u “kSfy;ksa esa Hkh lekurk ikbZ tkrh gSA tSls rjkuk&frYykuk]
Bqejh&tkofy] [;ky&o.kZe~ vkfnA
nf{k.k Hkkjrh; o mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr i)fr;ksa dh vlekurk,a %&

1- nf{k.k esa Loj ds dEiu ij RkFkk mRrj esa Loj dh fLFkjrk ij fo”ks’k /;ku fn;k tkrk gSA
2- nf{k.k esa ,d gh Loj dks nks ukeksa ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS] tSls prq%Jqfr _’kHk] lk/kkj.k xka/kkj]
prq%Jqfr /kSor vkSj dkSf”kd fu’kkn dks dze”k% “kq) xkU/kkj] ‘kV~Jqfr _’kHk] “kq) fu’kkn vkSj ‘kV~Jqfr
/kSor tSls vU; ukeksa ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA mRrj esa Lojksa ds nks uke ugha gksrsA
3- nf{k.k esa cfUn”kksa esa ifjorZu ugha fd;k tkrk gSA cafn”k dh ekSfydrk ij fo”ks’k cy fn;k tkrk
gSA mRrj esa jpukvksa esa bruk ca/ku ugha gSA xk;d jpuk esa ifjorZu dj ldrk gSA
4- mRrj esa cM+s [;ky o NksVs [;ky esa jpuk¼lkfgR;½ ,d ls nks iafDr;ksa dk gksrk gS rFkk xk;d
mlh ij vf/kd le; rd jkx&foLrkj djrk jgrk gSA nf{k.k dh d`fr;ksa esa iYyoh] vuqiYyoh
rFkk pj.ke~ gksrs gSa rFkk buesa mRrj dh vis{kk lkfgR; vf/kd jgrk gSA
5- ,d erkuqlj dukZVd laxhr esa foyfEcr y; ugha gksrhA jpuk,a izk;% e/; o nzqr y; esa gksrh
gSaA
6- mRrj esa 10 FkkV ekus x, gSa rFkk nf{k.k esa 72 esy ekus x, gSaA
vH;kl iz'u
1- Jqfr dh ifjHkk’kk nsrs gq, la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft,A
2- Loj ,oa Jqfr esa D;k vUrj gS\ la{ksi esa crkb,A
3- Hkjr d`r ukV~;”kkL= esa miyC/k Lojksa dks crkb,A
4- izek.k Jqfr ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft,A
1- oSfnd dky esa rhu Lojksa dk izpyu FkkA
2- dfo ykspu us jkx rjafxuh esa 20 Lojksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA
3- vk/kqfud xzUFkdkj vius “kq) Lojksa dks fcykoy FkkV leku ekurs gSaA
4- ikf.kuh ds le; rd lkr Lojksa dk izpkj ugha gqvk FkkA
1- izkphu le; esa lk Loj dh mRifRr i{kh ls ekuh xbZ gSA
2- ia- “kkjaxnso us ckjgoha Jqfr ij Loj LFkkfir fd;k gSA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3- _’kHk ,oa /kSor Lojksa dh Jqfr la[;k gSA
4- Hkjr us Lkkr Lojksa ds vfrfjDr vUrj&xkU/kkj ,oa fod`r Loj ekus gSaA
5- nf{k.k dk ---------------------- FkkV Hkkjrh; laxhr ds rksMh+ FkkV ds led{k ekuk tkrk gSA
3-8 Lkkjka”k
izLrqr bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Jqfr ,oa Loj ds ckjs esa tku
pqds gksaxsA izkphu dky ls Lojksa dk vfLrRo lkeus vkrk gSA Lojksa dk lEcU/k vusd Ik”kq&if{k;ksa ,oa
nsoh&nsorkvksa ls Hkh tksM+k x;k gSA lHkh us Jqfr;ksa dh la[;k 22 ekuh gS ijUrq muesa Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk esa fHkUurk gSA fod`r Lojksa dh la[;k esa Hkh fo}kuksa ds er leku ugha gSaA izkphu fo}kuksa us
lIrd ds cjkcj 22 Hkkx dj 22 Jqfr;ksa esa foHkktu djds Lojksa dh LFkkiuk dh gS ijUrq e/;dkyhu
xzUFkdkjksa us 22 Jqfr;ksa dks leku u ekurs gq, oh.kk ds rkj ij fofHkUu yEckbZ;ksa esa Lojksa dh
LFkkiuk dh gSA izkphu ,oa e/;dkyhu xzUFkdkjksa us “kq) Lojksa dks viuh vafre Jqfr esa LFkku fn;k
gS ijUrq vk/kqfud xzUFkdkjksa us “kq) Lojksa dks viuh igyh Jqfr ij LFkkfir fd;k gSA fofHkUu dkyksa
ds xzUFkdkjksa ds ek/;e ls Loj ,oa Jqfr ds lEcU/k esa ml dky dh fLFkfr ,oa laxhr esa iz;qDr Lojksa
dk fo’kn Kku izkIr gks tkrk gSA vki Jqfr ,oa Loj ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu igyqvksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds
gksaxsA vki nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Loj] FkkV] jpukvksa] ok|ksa ,oa rky i)fr ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds
gksaxsA
3-9 “kCnkoyh
LFkkfir ekus x, gSaA izkphu le; ls 22 Jqfr;ksa dk izpyu FkkA izR;sd Loj dh Jqfr;k¡ fHkUu&fHkUu
gSaA tSls&‘kM+t ,oa iape] prqJZqfrd gaS( xU/kkj ,oa fu’kkn] f=Jqfrd rFkk /kSor ,oa _’kHk] f}Jqfrd
gSaA
2- izcU/k & izkphudky esa fuc) xku ds vUrxZr izcU/k] :id vkfn vkrs FksA izcU/k dh pkj /kkrq,¡
mnxzkg] esykid] /kqzo vkSj vkHkksx gSaA

1- lR;
2- vlR;
3- lR;
4- vlR;
1- e;wj
2- vUrj xkU/kkj
3- rhu
4- dkdyh fu’kkn
5- “kqHkiarqojkyh

1- ijkatis] MkW0 'kjPpUnz Jh/kj]¼1992½] laxhr cks/k] e/;izns'k fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh] HkksikyA
2- jktu] Mk0 js.kq]¼2010½] Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr ds fofo/k vk;ke] vafdr ifCyds”ku] uÃ fnYyhA
3- ljkZQ] MkW0 jek]¼2004½] Hkkjrh; laxhr lfjrk] dfu’dk ifCy”klZ uÃ fnYyhA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
4- Hkkr[k.Ms] fo’.kq ukjk;.k]¼1966½] mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr bfrgkl] laxhr dk;kZy;]
gkFkjlA

1- xxZ] y{eh ukjk;.k] clUr]¼1997½] laxhr fo'kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
2- xksc/kZu] 'kkfUr]¼1989½] laxhr 'kkL= niZ.k Hkkx&2] ikBd ifCyds'ku] bykgkcknA
3- ikBd] ia0 txnh'k ukjk;.k]¼1995½] laxhr 'kkL= izoh.k] ikBd ifCyds'ku] bykgkcknA

1- Loj ,oa Jqfr dk ijLij lEcU/k crkrs gq, foLrkj ls izkphu dkyhu fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj budh
O;k[;k dhft,A
2- e/;dky ,oa vk/kqfud dky ds fo}kuksa ds vuqlkj Jqfr ,oa Loj dh O;k[;k djrs gq, ijLij
fo”ys’k.k dhft,A
3- nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr ds Loj] FkkV ,oa jpukvksa ds fo’k; esa crkb,A

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdkbZ 4 & ekxZ laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] uk;d] xk;d] okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr] xhr] xU/koZ]
xku] vfojHkko] frjksHkko] dkdq o rku
4-1 izLrkouk
4-2 mn~ns”;
4-3 ekxhZ vkSj ns”kh laxhr
4-4 uk;d o xk;d
4-5 okXxs;dkj
4-6 if.Mr
4-7 dykoUr
4-8 xhr
4-9 xU/koZ vkSj xku
4-10 frjksHkko&vfoHkkZo
4-11 dkdq
4-12 Rkku
4-13 lkjka”k
4-14 “kCnkoyh
4-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds izFke [k.M dh pkSFkh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds bfrgkl] FkkV
i)fr] Jqfr ,oa Loj ds ckjs esa tku pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa ijEijkxr Hkkjrh; laxhr ds lS)kfUrd i{k dks ysrs gq, ;g fofHkUu
laxhrK oxZ ,oa “kSfy;ksa tSls ekxhZ laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] uk;d] xk;d] okXxs;dkj] if.Mr]
dykoUr] xhr] xU/koZ] xku] vfoHkkZo] frjksHkko] dkdq vkSj Rkku ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds Ik”pkr vki ekxhZ laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] xU/koZ] xku ds
lkFk&lkFk laxhrK oxZ okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr] xk;d vkfn ds fo’k; esa Hkyh Hkkafr tku
ldsaxsA ekXkhZ laxhr ,oa ns”kh laxhr dk izpyu fdl le; Fkk rFkk budk orZeku Lo:Ik dSlk
gS] vki crk ldsaxsA bl bdkbZ esa jkxksa ds xk;u&oknu esa O;kIr vkfoHkkZo&frjksHkko] dkdq ,oa
rku tSls lkSUn;kZRed rRoksa ds Lo:Ik ,oa iz;ksx dks Hkh tku ldsaxsA izkphu le; esa eks{k izkfIr
gsrq ekxhZ laxhr dk izpyu cgqr vf/kd Fkk ijUrq /khjs&/khjs ns”kh laxhr us tks euksjatu dk
lk/ku ek= gS] txg ys yh gSA
4-2 mn~ns”;
Û crk ldsaxs fd izkphu dky ls vHkh rd xhr fo/kkvksa dk Lo:Ik D;k jgk gSA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd ekxhZ vFkok xU/koZ rFkk ns”kh vFkok xku vkfn laxhr dh nksuksa /kkjkvksa dk
lekUrj izpyu dSls vkil esa ,d nwljs ls izHkkfor jgk gSA
Û le>k ldsaxs fd jkx ds lkSUn;kZRed rRoksa vkfoHkkZo] frjksHkko] rku vkfn dh fo”ks’krkvksa ,oa
jpuk fof/k ds D;k fu;e ,oa ekU;rk,a gSaA
Û crk ldsaxs fd uk;d] xk;d] okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr vkfn dks lekt esa fdl Js.kh esa
j[kk tkrk gS rFkk budh fo”ks’krkvksa ,oa xq.kksa dk oxhZdj.k fdl izdkj fd;k x;k gSA
Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
Û crk ldsaxs fd vk/;kfRed ,oa ykSfdd laxhr fo/kkvksa dk izpyu le;kuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk
vk;k gSA
4-3 ekxhZ vkSj ns”kh laxhr

Lkaxhr vkSj /keZ dk vkjaHk ls gh vVwV laca/k jgk gSA laxhr dh og /kkjk] ftldk iz;ksx
izHkq dh HkfDr ds fy, fd;k x;k] mldks ekxhZ laxhr dk uke fn;k x;kA ekxhZ ls Hkko ekxZ
vFkkZr jkLrk] ijekRek rd igqapus dk jkLrkA nwljh rjQ og laxhr ftldk iz;ksx ykSfdd
lEesyuksa ij fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj mldk mn~ns”; dsoy yksdjatudkjh gh Fkk] mldks ns”kh
laxhr dgk x;kA
ÞekxZ”kh;Hksnsu f}/kk laxhreqP;RksA
Oksnk ekxkZ[; laxhra Hkjrk;kczohRLo;e~A
Xkhra ok|a u`R;a p =;a laxhreqP;rsA
ekxZns”khfoHkkxsu laxhra f}fo/ka ere~AÞ
ekxhZ laxhr ds fu;e cgqr dBksj Fks vkSj muesa viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj dksbZ ifjorZu
ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA tcfd ns”kh laxhr le; ds ifjorZu ds lkFk gh lkFk yksd:fp ds
vuqlkj Hkh cnyrk jgrk FkkA laxhr dh ;s nksuksa /kkjk,a lekukUrj :Ik ls izkphudky ls gh
izpfyr jgh vkSj ,d&nwljs dks izHkkfor djrh jghA bl izdkj ekxhZ ,oa ns”kh laxhr dk vkil
esa vknku&iznku vkjaHk ls pyrk jgkA MkW- ijkaTkis fy[krs gSa&ÞekxhZ laxhr dh rqyuk ;fn xaxk
unh ds /khj] xaHkhj ,oa izokg ls dh tk, rks ns”kh laxhr dh rqyuk igkM+h ns”kksa esa mUeqDr :Ik
ls cgrs gq, >juksa ls dh tk ldrh gSAß
ftl laxhr dk iz;ksx xU/koZ yksx djrs Fks] mldks xU/koZ laxhr dgk tkrk FkkA blds
xk;u ds lkFk ok|ksa dh laxfr dh tkrh FkhA blfy, bl dky esa xk;u rFkk oknu bu nksuksa
dk lekos”k gksrk FkkA Hkjr dky esa xU/koZ ,d “kkL= dk :Ik ys pqdk Fkk vkSj blesa Loj] rky
vkSj in] bu rhuksa vaxksa dk gksuk t:jh FkkA xU/koZ laxhr “kCn iz/kku Fkk] ekxhZ laxhr xU/koZ dk
ghs :Ik FkkA
vk/kqfud dky esa laxhr dh fdlh Hkh /kkjk ds fy, ekxhZ vkSj ns”kh “kCn dk iz;ksx ugha
fd;k tkrkA ekxhZ ds LFkku ij “kkL=h; laxhr “kCn rFkk ns”kh ds LFkku ij yksd “kn dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA laxhr dks rc gh mRre le>k tkrk gS] tc mlesa fUkEu izdkj ds i{k ekStwn
gksa&
1- Hkko i{k 2- dyk i{k
ekxhZ laxhr & ekxhZ laxhr og laxhr Fkk ftldk lEcU/k eks{k&izkfIr ds fy, gh fd;k tkrk
FkkA ekxhZ dk “kkfCnd vFkZ gS&ekxZ vFkkZr~ jkLrk vkSj jkLrs ls Hkko gS ijekRek rd igqapus dk
jkLrkA _f’k;ksa&eqfu;ksa] ihj&iSxEcjksa vkSj xq:vksa us ;g vuqHko fd;k fd laxhr esa ,dkxz djus
dh {kerk gSA lRro xq.kh laxhr euq’; ds eu dks vius esa yhu djds ijekRek dh HkfDr esa
yhu dj ldrk gSA rc mUgksaus bl laxhr dk lgkjk fy;k] ftldks ekxhZ laxhr dk uke fn;k
x;kA ekxhZ laxhr dk eq[; mn~ns”; v/;kReokn gh FkkA mn~ns”;&iwfrZ ds ckn mUgksaus bl laxhr
dks dBksj fu;eksa esa tdM+ fn;kA bl laxhr esa yksxksa dh :fp ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh ifjorZu ugha
fd;k tk ldrk FkkA izkphu dky ls laxhr Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ,oa tuthou dk vfHkUu vax jgk
gSA
ekxhZ laxhr dk okLrford :Ik D;k Fkk] blds ckjs esa Li’Vhdj.k nsuk dfBu gSA
vk/kqfud ;qx esa ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd ekxhZ laxhr dk lEcU/k lkeosn dh _pkvksa ls ekuk
tkrk Fkk vFkok ml laxhr dks ekxhZ laxhr dgk tkrk gS ftldk lEcU/k v/;kReokn ds lkFk
FkkA bZ”oj laca/kh fpUru ds fy,] eks{k izkfIr ds ekxZ ij vxzlj gksus ds fy,] uSfrd mRFkku ds
fy, vFkok ^jlks oS l%* dgdj jl ds pjeksrd`’V Lo:Ik dk vkLoknu djus ds fy,
vk/;kReokfn;ksa }kjk tgk¡ lk/kuk ;k ;ksxlk/kuk dks egRo fn;k x;k vkSj thou dh HkkSfrd

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lqUnjrkvksa ls nwj jgdj ,dkxz fparu djrs gq, lekf/k dh voLFkk dks egRo fn;k x;kA ogha
nwljs ekxZ esa thou dks pkj foHkkxksa esa foHkkftr djds vk;q ds vuqlkj thou dks lqUnj o
lq[kn :Ik esa O;rhr djrs gq, Hkh mlesa fyIr u gksdj vfUre y{; dh izkfIr ds iz;Ru dks
egRo fn;k x;kA ,dkfUrd lk/kuk esa Hkh vkSj x`gLFk thou O;rhr djrs gq, Hkh] dh tkus okyh
lk/kuk esa lkSUn;Z dk fo”ks’k egROk gksrk gSA lkalkfjd Lrj ij lkSUn;Z “kkjhfjd o ekufld lq[k
dk dkj.k cu dj vkuUnnk;d izrhr gksrk gS tcfd ;gh lkSUn;Z vk/;kfRed Lrj ij ekuo ds
uSfrd mRFkku dk dkj.k cudj ftl vlhe vkUkUn esa ifjofrZr gksrk gS mls ge fnO;kuqHkwfr
dg ldrs gSaA ;g vk/;kfRed vuqHkwfr gh ije lR; dh izkfIr dk dkj.k curh gS vkSj
uknksikluk ;k ;ksfx;ksa }kjk dh tkus okyh czã dh mikluk] ml y{; izkfIr dk lk/kuA
lEHkor% blh jgL; dks tkurs gq, fo}kuksa us ukn dks ^^rLekUuknkReda txr~^^ dgdj] jl dks
^jlks oS Lk%* dgdj rFkk czã dks ^^vga czãkfLe^^ dgdj ukn] jl o czã vkSj czãk.M dh
,dkdkjrk ds :Ik esa lk/; o lk/ku dh vfHkUurk dks fl) djus dk iz;Ru fd;kA
oSfnd dky esa ekxhZ laxhr dk :Ik & oSfnd dky esa lke xku “kkL=h; laxhr ds mn~xe lzkrs
dh n`f’V ls vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd vikS:’ks;] Js;l~ dh izkfIr djkus okyk] HkkSfrdrk ls ijs
ys tkus esa l{ke] lk/kuk ds leLr vaxksa dks Lohdkj djus okyk] fof”k’V mn~ns”; ls ifjiw.kZ ,oa
fof”k’V fu;eksa ls vuq”kkflr gksus ds dkj.k tks laxhr e;kZnkc) gS ogh “kkL=h;] ekxZ ;k f”k’V
laxhr gS] ;fn ,slk dgk tk, rks lEHkor% vuqfpr u gksxkA lkeosn dks laxhr dk ewy dgk
tkrk gSA lke dk xku _xosn dh _pkvksa ds vkJ; ls fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ;fn _d~ dks
ok.kh ekuk tk, rks lke mldk izk.kHkwr gSA lkelafgrk esa _dlafgrk ds lHkh eU= ugha gSaA
blesa _d~ ds pqus gq, eU=ksa dk laxzg gSA NkUnksX;ksifu’kn ds vuqlkj lke ;kfu lk + ve ds
laokn ls fo”o dk laxhr py jgk gSA ;fn ^lk* _d gS rks ^ve* vkyki ;kfu lke gSA ;fn
^lk* “kCn gS rks ^ve* Nan gSA bl izdkj _Xosn dh _pk,a lkeosn dk vk/kkj dgykrh gSaA
vfHkizk; ;g gS fd lkeosn us “kCn _xosn ls fy;k gS vkSj Loj mldk Lo;a dk gSA vr% lke
dk vFkZ gS _pkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k xku ftlesa ekrq ;k cksy _xosn ds gSa vkSj /kkrq ;k
Loj lke dk gSA lke dk tks futh gS] Lo;a dk gS og Loj gSA bl izdkj lkeosn vius xku ds
inksa dks _xosn ls ysrk gSA fof”k’V fu;eksa ls vuq”kkflr lke dk xku ekxhZ laxhr dk gh :Ik
jgk gksxkA
lkexku esa rhu xk;d gksrs Fks tks izLrksrk] mn~xkrk vkSj izfrgrkZ ds uke ls tkus tkrs
FksA eq[; xk;d mn~xkrk gksrk Fkk] izLrksrk vkSj izfrgrkZ mlds lgk;d gksrs FksA
1- izLrko & izLrksrk] mn~xkrk vkSj izfrgrkZ] ;s rhuksa xk;d feydj lcls igys ^gqa* dk Loj esa
mPpkj.k djrs FksA ftl izdkj vktdy xk;d vkjEHk esa vkdkj dk mPpkj.k djrs gSa] mlh
izdkj ml le; rhuksa xk;d feydj ^fgadkj* dk mPpkj.k djrs FksA mlds lkFk gh izLrksrk
lkexhr ds izLrko Hkkx dks vksadkj lfgr xkrk FkkA eU= ;k xhr ds vkjEHk dks îzLrko* dgrs
FksA ;g xhr dk eq[kM+k gksrk FkkA îzLrko* ,d fo”ks’k izdkj dk Lrks= Fkk tks czkã.k ;k izLrksrk
}kjk lkexku ds vkjEHk esa xk;k tkrk FkkA
2- mn~xhr & bl foHkkx dks xkus okyk _fRot ^mn~xkrk* dgykrk FkkA ;s Hkkx lkexku esa
lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ FkkA ^mn~xhr* foHkkx ds LkHkh Lrks=ksa dk xku ^vksadkj* ls izkjEHk fd;k
tkuk vko”;d FkkA mnxhr~] xhr dk eq[; vkSj vf/kdka”k Hkkx gksrk FkkA ^mn~xkrk* dk vFkZ gS
Å¡pk xkus okykA izk;% ^mn~xhr* Hkkx mPp Lojksa esa gksrk FkkA
3- izfrgkj & îzfrgkj* Hkkx ds xkus okys dks izfrgrkZ dgrs FksA izfrgrkZ mn~xhr ds vfUre in
ls xkus dks idM+ dj îzfrgkj* Hkkx xkrk FkkA îzfrgkj* dk vFkZ gS nks foHkkxksa dks tksM+us okykA
4- minzo & minzo dk xku mn~xkrk ;kfu izeq[k lkexk;d djrk FkkA ;s izfrgkj ds vUr ds
Hkkx dk xku djrk FkkA
5- fu/ku & lkexku ds vfUre Hkkx dks ^fu/ku* dgrs FksA ^vkse~* dk mPpkj.k dj tc rhuksa
_fRot ;kfu izLrksrk] mn~xkrk vkSj izfrgkj ,d lkFk feydj lkexku djrs Fks rc ogh Hkkx
fu/ku dgykrk FkkA

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lkexku Hkh blh n`f’Vdks.k ds vUrXkZr vkyki vkfn fu;eksa ls rFkk “kSyhxr fof”k’Vrkvksa
ds dkj.k e;kZnkc)] _d~ rFkk ;tq’k ls mRiUu gksus ds dkj.k vikS:’ks;] _f’k;ksa }kjk iz;qDr
gksus ds dkj.k czãksUeq[k lk/kuk ls ifjiwfjr] fof”k’V _pkvksa dks gh xs;kRedrk iznku djus ds
dkj.k nsorkvksa dh Lrqfr;ksa ls ifjiw.kZ] “kCnksa dh vis{kk xs;kRedrk ,oa izokgkRedrk dk vf/kd
egRo gksus ds dkj.k HkkokRed Lkw{kerk ij vk/kkfjr ,oa “kkL=ksDr ijEijk ls vkc) gksus ds
dkj.k “kkL=h; ijEijk ls ifjiw.kZ] ekxhZ laxhr dk gh |ksrd gSA ftl izdkj izR;sd dky[k.M esa
yksd laxhr “kkL=h; laxhr ls rFkk “kkL=h; laxhr yksd laxhr ls izsfjr jgk gS mlh izdkj
oSfnd dky esa Hkh bu nksuksa ds ,d nwljs ls izHkkfor gksuk LokHkkfod gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa ÞekxhZ
laxhrÞ “kCn dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrkA tks vk/kqfud dky esa “kkL=h; laxhr vkSj v”kkL=h;
laxhr izpfyr gS mldk ewy mn~ns”; yksdjatudkjh vkSj ifjorZu”khy gS] mldks xku dgk
tkrk gSA xku dks gh ns”kh laxhr Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
ekxhZ laxhr dh fo”ks’krk,a %&

1- ekxhZ laxhr dk lEcU/k v/;kReokn ds lkFk FkkA
2- ekxhZ laxhr ds fu;e dBksj Fks vkSj muesa fdlh izdkj dk ifjorZu ugha fd;k tk ldrk
FkkA
3- ekxhZ laxhr “kCn iz/kku FkkA
4- dgk tkrk gS fd ekxhZ laxhr dh jpuk cãk th us [kqn dh vkSj fQj mldh f”k{kk Hkjr dks
nhA
5- xU/koZ bl laxhr esa cgqr fuiq.k gksrs FksA blfy, bldk iz;ksx xU/koZ tkfr rd lhfer
jgkA
6- vk/kqfud ;qx esa ekxhZ laxhr dk Lo:Ik ugha feyrkA ekxhZ ds LFkku ij “kkL=h; laxhr
izpfyr gSA
ns”kh laxhr & ns”kh xku ls Hkko ml laxhr ls gS ftldk iz;ksx lk/kkj.k yksxksa us vius
euksjatu ds fy, fd;kA vFkkZr~ ns”kh laxhr yksxksa dk laxhr Fkk mldk eq[; mn~ns”; yksxksa dk
euksjatu djuk FkkA tks laxhr] laxhrkpk;Z vkSj laxhrdkjksa us viuh cqf) ls vkSj fo”ks’k
dykRedrk ls yksd&:fp vuqlkj is”k fd;k] mldks xku dgk x;kA “kkjaxnso us ,sls laxhr dks
ns”kh laxhr dgkA ns”kh laxhr dh ifjHkk’kk nsrs gq, ia0 “kkjaxnso us dgk gS fd fHkUu&fHkUu ns”kksa
esa tu:fp ds vuqlkj euq’; bldks xk&ctkdj ;k u`R; djds vius ân; dk euksjatu djrk
gS] mldks ns”kh laxhr dgk tkrk gSA blh izdkj ia0 nkeksnj us Hkh dgk gS fd og laxhr] tks
ns”k ds fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkxksa esa] ogka ds jhrh&fjoktksa ds vuqlkj turk dk euksjatu djs] mldks
ns”kh laxhr dgk tkrk gSA mi;ZqDr dFku ls ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd laxhr dh ftl /kkjk
dks laxhrdkjksa vkSj laxhrpk;ksZa us tu:fp ds vuqlkj le;≤ ij blesa ifjorZu djds is”k
fd;k] mls xku laxhr dgk x;kA vly esa xku dks gh ns”kh laxhr dgk x;kA
oSfnd dkyhu thou esa ns”kh laxhr dk i;kZIr izpyu FkkA /kkfeZd ,oa ykSfdd lekjksgksa
ij xhr] ok| rFkk u`R; ds }kjk yksxksa dk euksjatu fd;k tkrk FkkA xhr rFkk ok|ksa ds lkFk
<ksy] nqUnqfHk tSls ok|ksa dh laxfr dh tkrh FkhA phuh feV~Vh dh ,d eqnzk esa ,d iq:’k dks
O;k/kz ds le{k <ksy ctkrs gq, vafdr fd;k x;k gSA vkt Hkh vkfnoklh tkfr;ksa esa O;k?kzkfn fgLkz
Ik”kqvksa ds izos”k }kj ij xzke ds pkjksa vksj <ksyd ds }kjk Hk;adj xtZuk djus dh iz.kkyh
fo|eku gSA gM+Iik ls izkIr ,d nwljs eqnzk esa ok| ds lEeq[k <ksy ctk, tkus dk n`”; gS ,slk
izrhr gksrk gS fd flU/kq izns”k esa <ksy ds lkFk&lkFk rkj ds ok| Hkh izpfyr FksA nks eqnzkvksa esa
e`nax tSlh oLrq,a vafdr gSaA <ksy dk fp=.k Hkh ,d nwljh eqnzk ij gSA buesa ,d L=h <ksy dks
cxy esa nck;, gq, gSA RkRdkyhu lekt esa vuq”kkflr lkexku :ih ekxhZ laxhr ds lkFk&lkFk
ns”kh laxhr izpqj ek=k esa iz;kstuh; FkkA [kqys izkax.k esa u`R; dyk ds dk;ZØe esa uj&ukjh nksuksa
dk Hkkx ysuk] oh.kk vkSj rq.ko dh /ofu ds lkFk xku djrs tulewg dk jkf= tkxj.k djuk]
lkse;kx ds fo”ks’k volj ij flj ij dy”k j[k ektZyh; ifjØek djrh gqbZ nkldqekfj;kas ds

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ukpus xkus dk mYys[k ¼rS-la- 7@5@10@3½] cqukbZ djrs gq, euksfouksn ds fy, xk, x, xhr
vkfn bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd lkekU; lekt esa Hkh laxhr dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA
vFkoZosn esa mfYyf[kr ^xkFkk*] ûkjk”kalh* rFkk ^jSHkh* vkfn xhr izdkj tulkekU; }kjk
iz;qDr xhr gh Fks] ,slk fo)kuksa dk er gSA D;ksafd Mk-ijaktis ds vuqlkj xkFkk vkfn xhrksa dk
Lo:Ik ijEijkxr ohjdkO; dh Hkkafr Fkk ftudk xk;u O;olk;h xk;dksa }kjk ykSfdd lekjksgksa
ij] jktlHkkvksa esa ;k fookg vkfn voljksa ij fd;k tkrk FkkA ukjk”kalh xhr izdkjksa esa jktkvksa
dh iz”kalk dh tkrh FkhA fo}kuksa dk ;g Hkh er gS fd xkFkk xhr izdkj ijEijkxr ykSfdd
iq:’kksa ls lEcfU/kr gksrs Fks rFkk ukjk”kalh xhr izdkj ledkyhu jktkvksa dh Lrqfr ls ifjiw.kZ
gksrs FksA bu xhr izdkjksa dks xkus okys O;olk;h xk;d&oknd lwr o “kSyw’k vkfn tkfr;ksa ls
lEcU/k j[krs Fks tks lEHkor% mPp tkfr;ka ugha FkhA
Xkk;u] oknu vkSj u`R; rhuksa dk fodkl gesa oSfnd ;qx esa feyrk gSA oh.kk ok| dk
fodkl bl ;qx esa gks pqdk FkkA xk;u ds lkFk bldk iz;ksx Hkh gks pqdk FkkA vf/kdrj ukfj;ka
oh.kk&oknu djrh FkhA laxhr ds fo”ks’k vk;kstu gksrs Fks vkSj urZfd;ka muesa [kqydj Hkkx ysrh
FkhA lekt esa u`R;&dyk dkQh fodflr gks jgh FkhA bldk izek.k _xosn ds “yksd
¼5@33@6½ esa vk;k gS& û`R;euksa ve`rk*A
vk;Z tkfr LoHkko ls gh laxhrfiz; FkhA oSfnd ;qx esa ns”kh laxhr vk;kstu vkSj
izfr;ksfxrkvksa dk ,d euksjatu :Ik ^leu* ds uke ls ns[kus esa vkrk gSA ;g leu ,d izdkj
ls lkaxhfrd esyk FkkA tgka vkeksn&izeksn ds fy, ;qod&;qofr;ka tkrs FksA dqekj vkSj dqekfj;ka
ogka oj dh [kkst esa tkrs FksA bl lkaxhfrd mRlo esa dqekfj;ksa fd lkaxhfrd izfrHkk dh tkap
gksrh Fkh vkSj lQy ,oa izfrHkk lEiUu dqekfj;ksa dk p;u fookg ds fy, gks tkrk FkkA ;g
^leu* vkxs py dj ^leTtk* ds uke ls izLQqfVr gqvkA
oSfnd dky esa ns”kh laxhr dks mPp lkekftd ekU;rk izkIr FkhA blh ;qx esa oh.kk dk
iz;ksx gksus yxk Fkk] tks fd iw.kZ lkaxhfrd ok| ;U= FkkA bl dky esa xhr] ok| rFkk u`R; rhuksa
n`f’V;ksa dk i;kZIr izpyu n`f’Vxkspj gksrk gSA xhr ds fy, xhj] xkrq] xkFkk] xk;Uu] xhfr rFkk
lke “kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA _xosn dh jpuk,a Lojkofy;ksa esa fuc) gksus ds dkj.k ^Lrks=*
dgykrh FkhA xhr&izcU/kksa dks xkFkk dgk tkrk Fkk] tks ,d fof”k’V rFkk ijEijkxr xhr izdkj
gS vkSj bu xkFkkvksa dk xk;u /kkfeZd rFkk ykSfdd lekjksgksa ij fd;k tkrk FkkA buds xk;d
^xk;fUu~* dgykrs FksA Hkkjr /kEkZ iz/kku ns”k gSA Hkkjrh; fopkj/kkjk lnk ls vkn”kZ dh HkkoHkwfe ij
izokfgr gksrh jgh gS rFkk mldk Ikz;kstu yksd dY;k.k jgk gSA blds d.k&d.k esa jke] d`’.k]
cq) vkSj egkohj dh vkRek lekbZ gqbZ gSA iwtk ds voljksa ij xk, tkus okys laxhr dh ifo=rk
vkSj ns”kh laxhr /kquksa dh euksjatdrk ,slh /kwfj;ka gSa ftuds vkl&ikl lkjk laxhr ?kwerk gSA
izkphu tkfr;ksa dk tks lkfgR; miyC/k gS mlesa izkFkZukvksa] iwtkxhrksa] Lrqfr;ksa vkSj oanukvksa dh
ek=k vf/kd gSA
ns”kh laxhr ds nks eq[; Hksn fuc) vkSj vfuc) gSaA bldks Hkjr] erax vkSj “kkjaxnso us
Hkh ekuk gSA
1- fuc) xk;u & tks lkaxhfrd jpuk rkyc) vkSj Nanc) vkfn gks mldks fuc) xk;u ds
vUrxZr ekuk tkrk gSA izkphu dky esa izca/k] oLrq:id vkfn jpuk,a vkSj vk/kqfud ;qx esa /kzqin]
/kekj] [;ky] VIik] Bqejh] rjkuk vkfn blh Js.kh ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA
2- vfuc) xk;u & tks lkaxhfrd lkexzh rky esa u ca/kh gks] mls vfuc) xk;u dh Js.kh esa
j[kk tkrk gSA bl Js.kh ds vUrxZr vkyki dks ekuk tkrk gSA fuc) xk;u ds vUrxZr vkus
okyh jpuk,a] “kSfy;ka] dykRedrk vkSj Hkkoqdrk izdV djrh gSaA tcfd vfuc) xk;u ds
vUrxZr vkyki xk;u esa¼fo”ks’k lkaxhfrd “kSfy;ka] jpuk,a vkfn dks ftl jkx esa is”k djuk gks]
mlds fo”ks’k Lojksa dh c<+r djrs gq, viuh Hkkouk vuqdwy½ jkx Li’Vhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA
“kkjaxnso us bldks vkfyIr xku dgk gSA vkfYkIr dk vFkZ gS foLrkj djukA

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vk/kqfud dky esa ns”kh laxhr dk :Ik & vkt dk “kkL=h; laxhr ns”kh laxhr dh gh nsu gSA
“kkL=h; laxhr ds vUrxZr tks ifjorZu le;≤ ij “kSfy;ksa ds :Ik esa] mudh ijEijkvksa ds
:Ik esa vk,] os ns”kh laxhr ds dkj.k gh FksA “kkL=h; laxhr dks yksdfiz; cukus ds fy, muesa
le; ds vuqlkj u,&u, rRoksa vkSj “kSfy;ksa dks viuk;k x;kA “kkL=h; laxhr ds vUrxZr vkus
okyh “kSfy;ksa tSls&/kqzin] /kekj] [;ky] Bqejh vkfn lHkh ns”kh laxhr dh gh nsu gSaA ;s “kSfy;ka
vyx&vyx le; esa izpfyr jgh gSa tSls e/; dky esa /kzqin dk vf/kd izpkj jgk] mlds
Ik”pkr le; ds ifjorZu ds lkFk yksxksa dh :fp vuqlkj [;ky “kSyh dk vfo’dkj gqvkA
eqgEen “kkg jaxhys ds le; rd lnkjax&vnkjax us vusd [;kyksa dh jpuk dh ijUrq og Lo;a
/kqzin “kSyh gh xkrs Fks D;ksafd ml le; rd [;ky dks uhp oxZ dh “kSyh ekuk tkrk FkkA ijUrq
/khjs&/khjs [;ky dk vf/kd izpkj gks x;k vkSj /kzqin dk izpkj de gks x;kA bl izdkj [;ky ds
;qx esa Bqejh vkSj xt+y vkfn xhr “kSfy;ksa dks v”kkL=h; laxhr ekuk tkrk FkkA ijUrq /khjs&/khjs
;s “kSfy;ka Hkh yksdfiz; cu xbZA mPp dksfV ds laxhrdkj “kkL=h; laxhr is”k djrs le; dbZ
izdkj dh yksd/kquksa dks xkrs vkSj ok|ksa ij ctkrs gSa vkSj yksx mudh iz”kalk djrs gSaA bl izdkj
yksd/kqusa jkxksa dk :Ik /kkj.k dj ysrh gSaA [kekt] [kEHkkorh] dkQh] ihyw] ekaM+] lkjax vkfn jkxksa
ds uke bl oxZ esa vkrs gSaA
bl izdkj ekxhZ vkSj ns”kh dk ijLij ,d fo”ks’k lEcU/k jgk vkSj le;≤ ij ;g
,d&nwljs dks izHkkfor djrh jgh gSaA yksd&laxhr dk ekSfyd i{k cgqr de feyrk gSA mldk
eq[; dkj.k gS fd fp=iV vkSj “kkL=h; laxhrdkjksa us yksd/kquksa dks “kkL=h; laxhr esa bl izdkj
lfEefyr dj fn;k gS fd yksd&laxhr dk ekSfyd i{k fnu&izfrfnu de gksrk tk jgk gSA vkt
dk “kkL=h; laxhr vkSj v”kkL=h; laxhr ns”kh laxhr dk gh :Ik gSA
ns”kh laxhr izR;sd tkfr] IkzR;sd /keZ dk vlyh :Ik gksrk gSA blesa yksd laLd`fr ds
va”kksa dk cgqr gh lqanj <ax ls o.kZu fd;k x;k gksrk gSA ns”kh laxhr dk eq[; mn~ns”;
yksdjatudkjh Fkk] blfy, blesa le;≤ ij ifjorZu vkrk jgk gSA
ns”kh laxhr dh fo”ks’krk,a %&

1- ns”kh laxhr dk ewy mn~ns”; tujatudkjh FkkA
2- ns”kh laxhr izR;sd ns”k vkSj izkar dk vyx&vyx gksrk gSA
3- ns”kh laxhr Loj iz/kku gksrk gSA
4- ns”kh laxhr esa yksxksa dh :fp vuqlkj ifjorZu gksrk jgrk gSA
5- ns”kh laxhr ds fu;e ekxhZ laxhr dh Hkkafr dBksj ugha gksrs gSaA
6- vk/kqfud ;qx esa ns”kh laxhr “kCn dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk cfYd mlds LFkku ij yksd
laxhr dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
ekxhZ laxhr vkSj ns”kh laxhr esa vUrj %&

1- ekxhZ laxhr “kCn iz/kku Fkk tcfd ns”kh laxhr Loj iz/kku jgkA
2- ekxhZ laxhr dk lEcU/k v/;kReokn ds lkFk Fkk tcfd ns”kh laxhr dk lEcU/k tujatudkjh
FkkA
3- ekxhZ laxhr ds ckjs esa ;g dgk tkrk gS fd bldks czãk th us [kqn cuk;k tcfd ns”kh
laxhr euq’; us viuh :fp ds vuqlkj cuk;kA
4- ekxhZ laxhr dk D;k Lo:Ik Fkk] blds ckjs esa dksbZ fo”ks’k tkudkjh ugha feyrh ijUrq ns”kh
laxhr izR;sd izkar dk vyx&vyx gksrk gSA
5- ekxhZ laxhr ds fu;e cgqr dBksj gksrs Fks ijUrq ns”kh laxhr esa fu;eksa dh dBksjrk ugha gksrh
FkhA
6- ekxhZ laxhr dk nwljk uke xU/koZ Fkk tcfd ns”kh laxhr dk nwljk uke xku FkkA
7- vk/kqfud dky esa ekxhZ laxhr ds LFkku ij “kkL=h; vkSj ns”kh laxhr ds LFkku ij yksd
laxhr “kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

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4-4 uk;d o xk;d

uk;d & xq: ls xzg.k dh xbZ fo|k ;k dyk dks T;ksa dk R;ksa izLrqr djus okyk uk;d
dgykrk gSA xq: ls og laxhr dyk mlh :Ik esa xzg.k dh Fkh vr% ih<+h nj ih<+h dyk esa vk,
fu[kkj dks vkSj vf/kd le`) djrs gq, fcuk ifjorZu fd, gq, dyk dks ,d gh :Ik esa j[kus
okyk dykdkj uk;d dgykrk gSA
fdlh ,d ?kjkus esa tc dykdkj fdlh ?kjkus dk feJ.k u djs vkSj Jksrkvksa ds lqurs
gh ;g yxs fd f”k’; esa rks mlds x: dh Nk;k izfrfcfEcr gks jgh gS rks f”k’; dk ;gh xq.k
mls uk;d dh inoh fnykrk gS rFkk mldh dyk uk;dh dgykrh gSA uk;dh dh ;fn
bZekunkjh ls j{kk dh tk, rks vusd ihf<+;ksa ds laLdkj mldh dyk esa Lor% ,df=r gksrs jgrs
gSa] Qyr% mldk izHkko Hkh gksuk LokHkkfod gSA
izkphu dky esa laxhr ls o’kkZ gksuk] iRFkj fi?kyuk] Ik”kq&if{k;ksa dk laxhr ds o”khHkwr
gksuk vkfn fdonfUr;k¡ vkt Hkh lekt esa izpfyr gSaA ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;fn geus
uk;dh dh j{kk dh gksrh vFkkZr tSlk xq: us fl[kk;k oSlk gh f”k’; vxyh ihf<+;ksa dks fcuk
ifjorZu fd, nsrs tkrs rks orZeku ;qx esa Hkh laxhr dk ogh izHkko gksrk ij ,slk ugha gqvkA
;kuh geus uk;dh dks cpk dj ugha j[kk ifj.kker% gekjs laxhr dk bruk cM+k gzkl gks x;kA
uk;dh ds gzkl ds dkj.k & ¼1½laxhrKksa ds ikl le; dh deh ¼2½[kkuiku esa fxjkoV
¼3½uSfrdrk dk iru ¼4½laxhr dyk ds izfr leiZ.k esa deh ¼5½/ku dk yksHk ¼6½le; dh ekax
¼7½ekuo dh lgt det+ksjh vkfnA
euq’; xq.kksa dks nsj ls xzg.k djrk gS vkSj voxq.kksa dks lgt gh viuk ysrk gS] “kk;n
blhfy, “kkjaxnso dks laxhr&jRukdj¼Hkkx&2] i`’B&156&169½ esa xk;dksa ds xq.kksa ds lkFk
voxq.kksa dks Hkh foLrkj ls nsuk iM+kA
orZeku esa Hkkr[k.Ms th }kjk nh xbZ cfUn”kksa dks uk;dh dk mnkgj.k dgk tk ldrk
gSA izkphu dky esa uk;d cStw uk;d] xksiky uk;d] pjtw vkfn izfl) laxhrK gq, gSaA gdhe
eks0 dje beke us vius xzUFk êkfnuqy ewlhd+h* esa 12 uk;dksa ds uke bl izdkj fn, gS%&
¼1½ Hkkuq] ¼2½ yksgax] ¼3½ Mkyq ¼4½ Hkxoku ¼5½ xksikynkl ¼6½ cStw ¼7½ ik.Ms ¼8½ NTtw ¼9½ c{kq
¼10½ ?kksiMq ¼11½ ehjke/k ¼12½ vehj [kqljks
xk;d & fdlh Hkh fof”k’V laxhr fo/kk dh xk;dh dks tkuus okys O;fDr dks xk;d dgk tkrk
gSaA xk;d viuh laxhr fo/kk esa fuiq.k gksrk gS rFkk mls xk;dh ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh tkudkjh
gksrh gSaA izkphu ls ns”kh laxhr ds vUrxZr vusd ifjorZu gq,] vr% bl izdkj tu:ph ds
dkj.k ifjorZu”khy fofHkUu fo/kkvksa dh xk;dh dks tkuus okyk xk;d gh gSA izkphu dky esa
tc laxhr] xka/koZ ls vyx gqvk vkSj tks ^xku* dgyk;k mldk mn~ns”; gh tu&eu&jatu
djuk FkkA ogh xku vkxs py dj ns”kh&laxhr dgyk;k vkSj xka/koZ ekXkZ&laxhr ds uke ls
tkuk x;kA :fp;k¡ lnk ls ifjofrZr gksrh jgrh gSaA vr% xk;dksa dks Hkh vius laxhr esa
tu&:fp ds vuqlkj dqN ifjorZu djuk vko”;d gks x;k Fkk] vr% laxhr Hkh ifjoZru”khy
gqvkA
Hkjr ds le; esa tks laxhr Fkk] “kkjaxnso ds le; og dsoy y{k.k cu x;k] ;kuh
laxhr eas ifjorZu gks x;kA nwljs “kCnksa esa dg ldrs gSa fd tu&:fp ifjofrZr gks xbZA le;
ds lkFk laxhr cnyrk x;k vkSj xk;dh esa Hkh ifjorZu gqvkA tkfr&xku ds LFkku ij xzke&jkx
vkSj ns”kh&jkx vk, vkSj /kzqok ds LFkku ij izcU/k vk;kA mlds Ik”pkr /kzqin&”kSyh vkSj vkxs
pydj [;ky&”kSyh dk izpkj gqvkA [;ky&”kSyh esa Hkh vkyki esa deh vkbZ vkSj rku dks vf/kd
egRo fn;k tkus yxkA dgus dk Hkko ;g gS fd xk;dh tu&:fp ij vk/kkfjr gS rFkk tks
viuh {kerk vkSj Jksrkvksa dh :fp ds vuqlkj viuh xk;dh dks izLrqr djrk gS] ogh xk;d
dgykrk gSA

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4-5 okXxs;dkj
Þ”kCnkuq”kkluefHk/kku izoh.krkNun% izHksnosfnR;eyadjs’kq dkS”kye~
jl Hkko ifjKku ns”k fLFkfr’kq pkrqjhÞ
vFkkZr ok.kh dh jpuk djds mldks xs; :i nsus okyk O;fDr] ftldks O;kdj.k] NUn]
dks’k] vyadkj] jl] Hkko vkfn dh iwjh tkudkjh gks] mls okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA ia- Hkkr[kaMs
th ds vuqlkj Þizkphu le; esa ftu laxhr fo}kuksa dks in&jpuk] Loj&jpuk nksuksa dk Kku
gksrk Fkk] mudks okXxs;dkj dh laKk nh tkrh FkhAÞ
;g “kCn rhu “kCnksa ds esy ls cuk gSA okd~ dk vFkZ gS in&jpuk] xs; dk vFkZ gS xk;k
tkus okyk vkSj dkj dk vFkZ gS djus okyk] vFkkZr~ ok.kh dh jpuk djds mldks xk;u :i nsus
okys O;fDr dks okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA ia- “kkjaxnso] ia- nkeksnj us bldh fo”ks’krkvksa dk o.kZu
djrs le; ekrq vkSj /kkrq “kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa ôkd~* vFkkZr in&jpuk dks
ekrq vkSj xhr i{k dks /kkrq dgrs gSaA pSrU; nso ^,u baVªksMD”ku Vw bf.M;u E;qft+d* esa blds
ckjs eas fy[krs gSa& ÞA Composer is known as Vaggeyakar. This word is derived from
three others Vak (word), Geya (song), Kara (One who makes). As the term shows, a
Composer must be a master of word and music. If on the other hand, a person who
writes only the Literature of a song he is Matukara (matu word of speech) ; If he
provides the music to the given poem he is Dhatukara (Dhatu score musical part of
song). But a Vaggeyakara Composes both the poem and music, that is he creates a
complete song.ß
Lkaxhr edjan esa pkSFks v/;k; ds 21osa “yksd ls ysdj 47osa “yksd rd okXxs;dkj ds
xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
1- Tkks laxhr esa fuiq.k gksA
2- ftldks laxhr ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh iwjh tkudkjh gksA
3- ftldks ns”k dh fofHkUu Hkk’kkvksa dh tkudkjh gksA
4- ftldks O;kdj.k dh iwjh tkudkjh gksA
5- NUn ds Hksnksa dks tkuus okyk gksA
6- lkfgR; esa of.kZr fofHkUu vyadkjksa] miekvksa dk Kku gksA
7- fofHkUu jlksa ds fy, mfpr “kCnkoyh dk Kku gksA
8- mfpr y; vkSj rky ds iz;ksx djus dh iwjh tkudkjh gksA
9- laxhr ds fofHkUu dkdw Hksnksa dk Kku gksA
10- tks cqf)eku vkSj viuh dyk ds }kjk Jksrkvksa dks vkdf’kZr dj ldsA
11- ftldks laxhr ds ifjHkkf’kd rRoksa¼lS)kafrd vkSj fØ;kRed½ dh iw.kZ tkudkjh gksA
12- ftldh Lej.k “kfDr rst+ gksA
13- ftldh laxhr ds ijEijkxr i{k dh iw.kZ tkudkjh gksA
14- tks i<+k&fy[kk gksA
izkphu “kkL=ksa esa rhu izdkj ds okXxs;dkj dk o.kZu feyrk gS&mRre] e/;e]
fuEu¼?kfV;k½A ftl O;fDr esa mi;qZDr of.kZr lkjs xq.k gksa] mls mRre okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA
tks Loj&jpuk esa rks fuiq.k gks ijUrq in&jpuk esa iw.kZ tkudkjh u j[krk gks] mls e/;e
okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA ftldh ekrq¼in&jpuk½] xhr&jpuk ds mfpr i{k dh iw.kZ tkudkjh
u gks] mls fuEu okXxs;dkj dgk tkrk gSA laxhr esa fuEu okXxs;dkj dk dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA
laxhr ds “kkL= esa budks uk;d Hkh dgk tkrk gSA izkphu dky vkSj e/;dky esa
okXxs;dkjksa ds cgqr uke fey tkrs gSa] tSls&gjhnkl] rkulsu] uk;d cD”k] dkSM+h jax] jax cjl]
rkulsu] v[rj fi;k] yyu fi;k] dnj fi;k vkfnA
e/;dkyhu “kkL=h; laxhr ds okXxs;dkj ds vykok HkfDr ygj ds ihjksa&Qdhjksa] xq:vksa
dks okXxs;dkj dgk tk ldrk gSA MkW- Mh-,l-u:yk us xq: ukud nso th dks mRre okXxs;dkj
dh mikf/k nh gSA ijUrq bu okXxs;dkj dks “kkL=h; laxhr dh Js.kh esa j[kuk mfpr ugha gS
D;ksafd bUgksaus viuh okf.k;ksa ds izpkj ds fy, laxhr dk dsoy lgkjk gh fy;k gSA e/;dky ds
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bl Js.kh ds okXxs;dkjksa ds uke bl rjg gSa&xq: ukud nso th] dchj th] lwjnkl] ehjk ckbZ]
tklks ckbZ] lfgtks ckbZ] eywd nkl] ijekuan vkfnA ftl rjg HkfDr dky dk dfo [kqn
laxhrdkj Hkh Fkk] ml rjg vkt dk dfo ugha gSA vkt dk dfo viuh jpuk esa lkaxhfrd i{k
dk /;ku rks Tk:j j[krk gS ijUrq ;g t:jh ugha fd og mldh /kqu dks Hkkouk ds vuqdwy cuk
ldsA laxhr dks Loj nsus okyksa ds {ks= fHkUu cu x, gSaA ftldks Lojdkj] laxhr funsZ”kd]
laxhrdkj vkfn dgk tkrk gSA bu dkj.kksa ls gh orZeku dky esa “kkL=h; okXxs;dkjksa dh cgqr
deh gSA
4-6 Ikf.Mr
izkphu le; esa tks fo}ku~ laxhr&”kkL= dk iw.kZ Kku j[krk Fkk rFkk xk;u&dyk dk
lk/kkj.k Kku j[krk Fkk] mls if.Mr dgrs FksA if.Mr laxhr “kkL=ksa dk fujUrj v/;;u djrs
gq, uohu vuqla/kkuksa dk laca/k mlls tksM+rk gSaA if.Mr jkxksa ,oa rkyksa dh iw.kZ “kkL=kRed
vfHkO;fDr dks “kkL=ksa esa LFkku nsus esa l{ke gSA if.Mr laxhr ds fdz;kRed i{k dh vfHkO;fDr
dks Hkh “kkL=ksa esa LFkku ns ldrk gSA ijUrq mls iznf”kZr djus esa e/;e Js.kh esa vkrk gSaA if.Mrksa
dk laxhr dks “kkL=kRed :i esa laj{k.k djus gsrq fo”ks’k ;ksxnku gSA D;ksafd e/;dky ls gh
fdz;kRed :i esa tks laxhr fo}ku laxhrKksa ds ikl lqjf{kr Fkk og “kkL=ksa esa LFkku feyus ls gh
lajf{kr jg ik;k gSA if.Mrksa ds laxhr “kkL=ksa ls gesa e/;dky ls orZeku rd lEiw.kZ lkaxhfrd
rRoksa] cafn”kksa] jpukvksa ds Lo:i ,oa iz;ksxksa dks fyf[kr :i esa tku ik, gSaA bl izdkj dgk tk
ldrk gS fd if.Mrksa }kjk gh laxhr “kkL=ksa dk vkfoZHkko ,oa laxhr ds fofHkUu i{kksa dk laj{k.k
lEHko gks ik;k gSA if.Mr ,oa okXxs;dkj esa ;g fo”ks’k vUrj gSa fd okXxs;dkj “kkL= ds
lkFk&lkFk fdz;kRed i{k dk Hkh iw.kZ Kku j[krk gS rFkk og lkfgR; ,oa vusd Hkk’kkvksa dks Hkh
tkurk gSa A
4-7 dykoUr
fdlh Hkh fof”k’V dyk fo/kk ds fuekZrk ,oa izlkjd dks dykoUr dgk tkrk gSA ml
fof”k’V dyk ds leLr i{kksa dks ih<+h nj ih<+h le`)”kkyh ,oa yksdjatu gsrw mlesa e;kZfnr
ifjorZu djuk Hkh dykoUr dk fof”k’V dk;Z gSA fujUrj viuh dyk fo/kk ds fofHkUu i{kksa dh
leh{kk djuk ,oa mls lekt esa mfpr LFkku fnykus esa dykoUr dh fo”ks’k Hkwfedk gSA dykoUr
viuh dyk dks ijEijk ,oa lkaLd`frd n`f’V ls fujUrj cpk, gq, gSA bUgha dykoUrksa ds iz;klksa
ls ijEijkxr dykvksa dks cpk;k tk ldk gSA bl izdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fd dykoUr viuh
fo”ks’k dyk dks le`)”kkyh cuk jgsa gSa] ewy :i esa lgsts gq, gaS rFkk ih<+h nj ih<+h bldk izlkj
djrs jgs gSaA
4-8 xhr
tks lkaxhfrd jpuk rkyc) vkSj Nanc) vkfn gks mldks xhr ds vUrxZr ekuk tkrk
gSA izkphu dky esa izca/k oLrq:id vkfn jpuk,a vkSj vk/kqfud ;qx esa /kzqin] /kekj] [;ky] VIik]
Bqejh] rjkuk vkfn blh Js.kh ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA xhr ds vUrxZr vkus okyh jpuk,a ,oa
“kSfy;ka] dykRedrk vkSj Hkkoqdrk izdV djrh gSaA
vk/kqfud laxhr esa xhr jpuk ds eq[; fu;e&¼Laws of Musical Composition½&
“kkL=h; laxhr esa xhr jpuk¼Musical Composition½ dk fo’k; ,d egRoiw.kZ fo’k; gSA izpfyr
“kkL=h; laxhr ds vUrxZr lk/kkj.kr% /kzqin] /kekj] [;ky¼foyfEcr vkSj nqrz ½] VIik] Bqejh] rjkuk
vkfn xhrksa ds Hksn ik, tkrs gSaA bl {ks= esa rkulsu] lnkjax] vnkjax] eujax] gjjax] “kksjhfe;k¡]
jaxhys bR;kfn xhrdkjksa dk fo”ks’k LFkku gSA vk/kqfud dky Hkh ubZ&ubZ jpukvksa dk le; gS
ftlessa vusd ubZ rFkk lqUnj jpuk,a lquus dks feyrh gSaA
xhr jpuk ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ij /;ku j[kuk vfr vko”;d gS%&
¼1½ dkO; & loZizFke xhrdkj dks ;g ns[kuk gS fd dkO; xs;] Li’V] ljy gS ;k ughaA dkO;
ljy lk/kkj.k Jksrkvksa ds le> esa vkus okyk] g`n;xzkgh rFkk HkkoukRed gksuk pkfg,A
Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
¼2½ jl & dfork ds jl dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mlds vuqdwy gh jkx dk p;u djuk pkfg,A
avf/kdrj Ja`xkj] d:.k] ohj] “kkUr & ;s pkj jl gh laxhr esa iz/kkurk j[krs gSaA bu pkjksa esa Hkh
Jàxkj jl vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA ftl jl dk dkO; gS mlh jl dk jkx pquuk vko”;d gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ Jàxkj jl ds jkx dkQh] fogkx] flUnwjk] [kekt] ihyw] ckxsJh bR;kfn gaS] ohj jl ds
ekydkSa”k] “kadjk vkfn gaS] “kkUr jl ds jkx dsnkj] Jh] Hkwikyh vkfn gSa RkFkk d:.k jl ds rksM+h]
HkSjoh] ;eu] dkfyaxM+k vkfn gSaA
¼3½ jkx fuokZpu ds ckn ml dk eq[; Lo:Ik /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A
¼4½ jkx esa dqN fo”ks’k Loj gksrs gSa ftlls jkx izkjEHk rFkk lekIr fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls Lojksa dks
xzg vkSj U;kl Loj dgrs gSaA vktdy bu Lojksa ij /;ku ugha fn;k tkrk] ijUrq dqN jkx ,sls
gSa ftuesa dqN [kkl Lojksa ij gh vf/kdrj U;kl fd;k tkrk gSA
¼5½ LFkkbZ RkFkk vUrjk jkx ds vyx&vyx mBko vkSj pyu gksrs gSa ftldk /;ku j[kuk
vko”;d gSA
¼6½ xhr jpuk esa jkx ds ,sls Lojksa dk pquko gksuk pkfg, ftlls dkO; dk Hkko Li’V gks ldsA
¼7½ rky & xhr jpuk ,slh rky esa djuh pkfg, ftlls jkx vkSj dkO; dk jl Li’V gks tk,A
¼8½ rky ds vk?kkrksa¼foHkkxksa½ dk xhr ds “kCnksa esa ?kfu’B lEcU/k gSA ;fn xhr ds mfpr LFkkuksa
ij rky ds vk?kkr¼rkyh vkSj [kkyh½ ugha iM+rh rks mlesa jlkuqHkwfr ugha gks ldrhA
¼9½ vUr esa dkO; rFkk jkx esa foJkfUr LFkkuksa dk /;ku j[kuk vko”;d gS D;ksafd jkx esa
foJkfUr LFkkuksa ls vFkZ rFkk Hkko Li’V gksrs gSaA
4-9 xU/koZ vkSj xku

laxhr dh ijEijk Hkkjr esa iqjkru gSA laxhr dyk dk eq[; mn~ns”; vkuUn dh izkfIr
gSA vkjEHk esa laxhrdyk dyk ds :Ik esa ugha Fkh] cfYd bl :Ik esa vkus ls igys bldk ,d
yEck ;qx FkkA laxhr ds vkfn xzaFk osn ekus tkrs gSaA osnksa dh _pk,a ftudks vkfFkZd] xkfFkd
vkSj lkfe dgk tkrk Fkk] muds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj gh laxhr dk izlkj fd;k tkrk FkkA laxhr
ds bfrgkl ls irk pyrk gS fd vkjEHk ls gh nks /kkjk,a lekukUrj :Ik esa pyrh jghaA
1- oSfnd laxhr 2- ykSfdd laxhr
oSfnd laxhr ds vUrxZr mldh _pkvksa dks fo”ks’k fu;ec) <ax ls xk;k tkrk Fkk]
tcfd ykSfdd laxhr esa euq’; viuh :fp ds vuqlkj ifjorZu dj ldrk FkkA ;gka ;g Li’V
djuk t:jh gS fd laxhr “kCn dk iz;ksx ml le; ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA ml le; xhr “kCn
dgk tkrk FkkA xhr ls Hkko Loj vkSj y;c) jpuk ls FkkA xhr ds nks Hksn ekus x,A
1- xU/koZ 2- xku
xU/koZ & bl xhr dks xkU/koZ yksx xk;u djrs Fks] blfy, bldk uke xU/koZ iM+ x;kA bldk
eq[; mn~ns”; eks{k&izkfIr FkkA izkphu xU/koZ xk;u dks ekxhZ laxhr Hkh dgk tk, rks fujk/kkj
ugha gksxkA bldh iqf’V ia- “kkjaxnso vkSj nkeksnj us vius&vius xzaFkksa esa dh gSA bu nksuksa
/kkjkvksa dk eq[; mn~ns”; eks{k&izkfIr FkkA blfy, ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd oSfnd xku ls gh
xU/koZ laxhr dh mRifRr gqbZA oSfnd ;qx ds vUr esa xkU/koZ laxhr vizpfyr gks x;k blfy,
mlds ewy :Ik ds ckjs esa Li’V djuk lEHko ugha gSA
xku & tks laxhr] laxhrkpk;Z vkSj laxhrdkjksa us viuh cqf) ls vkSj fo”ks’k dykRedrk ls
yksd:fp vuqlkj is”k fd;k] mldks xku dgk x;kA “kkjaxnso us ,sls laxhr dks ns”kh laxhr
dgkA ns”kh laxhr dh ifjHkk’kk nsrs gq, ia- “kkjaxnso us dgk gS fd fHkUu&fHkUu ns”kksa esa tu:fp
ds vuqlkj euq’; bldks xk&ctkdj ;k u`R; djds vius ân; dk euksjatu djrk gS] mldks
ns”kh laxhr dgk tkrk gSA blh izdkj ia- nkeksnj us Hkh dgk gS fd og laxhr] tks ns”k ds
fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkxksa esa] ogka ds fjrh&fjoktksa ds vuqlkj turk dk euksjatu djs] mldks ns”kh
laxhr dgk tkrk gSA mi;ZqDr dFku ls ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd laxhr dh ftl /kkjk dks
laxhrdkjksa vkSj laxhrpk;ksZa us tu:fp ds vuqlkj le;≤ ij blesa ifjorZu djds is”k
fd;k] mls xku laxhr dgk x;kA vly esa xku dks gh ns”kh laxhr dgk x;kA ns”kh laxhr ds
nks eq[; Hksn fuc) vkSj vfuc) Hkjr] erax vkSj “kkjaxnso us Hkh ekus gSaA

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
4-10 frjksHkko&vfoHkkZo
Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr esa jkx vewY; nsu gSA jkx dk ewy mn~ns; jatdrk mRiUu djuk
gSA laxhr esa jatdrk mldks dgk tkrk gS tks vkfRed vkuan nsA jkx dks izLrqr djrs le;
jkx esa Lojksa dk mfpr yxko] jkx dk mfpr Lo:Ik oknh] laoknh vkSj fo”ks’k fu;eksa dk iz;ksx
djrs le; fofHkUu lkaxhfrd fØ;kvksa ls jkx dh lqUnjrk dk RkRo mHkkjk tkrk gSA jkx esa
vfoHkkZo vkSj frjksHkko dh fØ;kvksa ls jkx dh lqUnjrk vkSj jatdrk dk lapkj fd;k tkrk gSA
dykdkj jkx dk foLrkj djrs le; dqN nsj esa ewy jkx ds Lo:i dks Nqik nsrk gSA ftlls
Jksrkvksa dks nwljs jkx dh >yd yxus yxrh gS] ,slh fØ;k dks jkx dk frjksHkko dgk tkrk gSA
ijUrq tc fQj okfil ewy jkx ds Lo:Ik dks Li’V fd;k tkrk gS rc mldks vfoHkkZo dgk
tkrk gSA jkx esa frjksHkko&vkfoHkkZo dh fØ;k dq”ky laxhrdkj gh dj ldrs gSaA blh fØ;k dks
;fn mfpr <ax ls u fd;k tk, rc jkx dh gkfu gks ldrh gSA blfy, bl fØ;k dks djus ls
igys fo”ks’k rRoksa dh rjQ /;ku nsuk t:jh gSA
1- ;g fØ;k dsoy ml le; gh djuh pkfg, tc jkx dk Lo:Ik iwjh rjg dk;e gks x;k gks
vFkkZr~ tc Jksrkvksa dks iw.kZ :Ik ls jkx dh igpku gks tk,A
2- ;g fØ;k vf/kdrj leizd`frd jkx }kjk gh Iks”k djuh pkfg,A
3- ;g fØ;k cgqr FkksM+s le; ds fy, gksuh pkfg, ugha rks ewy jkx dh gkfu gks ldrh gSA
4- ;g fØ;k djus ls jkx dks dksbZ uqdlku ugha gksxk ijUrq vuqfpr <ax ls djus ls jkx dks
gkfu gks ldrh gSA
vkfoHkkZo dk vFkZ gS jkx esa ewy Lo:Ik dks izdV :Ik esa fn[kykuk vkSj frjksHkko dk vFkZ
gS fd fdlh vU; jkx dh Nk;k fn[kyk dj jkx ds Lo:Ik dks dqN le; ds fy, vkPNkfnr
dj nsukA ;g izfØ;k oSfPk«; mRiUu djus ds fy, dh tkrh gS] vr% lhfer le; ds fy, gh
izfØ;k dks fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vf/kd nsj rd frjksHkko djus ls ewy jkx viuk izHkko [kks
ldrk gSA frjksHkko ds ckn iqu% tc ewy jkx esa vk;k tkrk gS] mls vkfoHkkZo dgrs gSaA frjksHkko
nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk gS%& ¼1½ le&izd`fr jkx dh Nk;k fn[kyk dj ¼2½ ewPNZuk&Hksn ls
vk/kkj Loj dks ifjofrZr djdsA
1- le&izd`fr jkx dh Nk;k fn[kykdj & fdlh jkx dks xkrs&ctkrs le; tc jkx dk izHkko
iwjh rjg ls Nk tkrk gS rc ml jkx ls feyrs&tqyrs fdlh vU; jkx ds leku Loj&lewg tks
jkxksa esa leku :Ik ls vkrs gksa ,sls Loj lewgksa dks xk;d ;k oknd oSfPk«k mRiUu djus ds fy,
iz;ksx djrk gS] blls ewy jkx dqN le; ds fy, fNi tkrk gS] bl fNiu dh fØ;k dks
frjksHkko dgrs gSaA tSls ewy jkx ;fn HkSjoh xk;k ;k ctk;k tk jgk gks rks fUkEu izdkj ls gksxk
& lk js lk] x · lk js lk] /k+fu+ lk js lk] lk jsx e] x e xeie x e js lkA
frjksHkko & fu lk] x e i] e Ik x e fulkx lkxe x e i] e Ik x e x ;gk¡ rd HkSjoh Hkh gS

vkSj Hkheiyklh Hkh gS] vr% HkSjoh esa Hkheiyklh dk frjksHkko gksxk ij bl izfØ;k esa os
Loj&lewg ugha fy, tk ldrs tks dsoy Hkheiyklh ds gksaA tSls ê x js lk*] D;ksafd ls Loj
HkSjoh ds ugha gSa vr% frjksHkko djrs le; bu Lojksa dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
vkfoHkkZo &lkjs lk] lk jsx e] Ik /k Ik e] x e js lkA
mRrjkax esa HkSjoh esa gh ekydkSal dk frjksHkko & x e /kfu lka] /k fu/k lka] lk /k e /kfu
lka] fu lk x e /k fu lka] x e /k e fu lka · xa] ;gk¡ rd ekydkSal ds Loj&lewg gq, vkSj
lkFk gh HkSjoh ds Hkh gSa] vr% dqN le; ds fy, HkSjoh fNi x;k gS vkSj ekydkSal mHkj jgk gSA
;gk¡ Hkh Loj&lewg ugha yxk, tk ldrs gSa tks dsoy ekydkSal ds gksaA tSls%& êaxalka* ;k ^lka
/kfu/k e* ;s Loj&lewg HkSjoh ds ugha gSa vr% frjksHkko djrs le; bu Lojkofy;ksa dk iz;ksx ugha
dj ldrsA vkfoZHkko & lka jsa lka] lka fu/k i /k i e] i e x] lkjsx e i] x e js lkA
;g frjksHkko leku Lojksa okys ;kuh fdlh ,d FkkV ds jkxksa esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS
tSls dY;k.k FkkV ds nksuksa e/;e okys vf/kdka”k jkxksa ds iwokZax esa rks fHkUurk gS ij mRrjkax esa
leku Loj&lewgksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA tSls&dkeksn] Nk;kuV] xkSM+&lkjax] gehjA buesa î /k ea

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
Ik lka] lka /k i] ea i /k i fu /k lka] lka jsa lka]* bu Lojkofy;ksa ds iz;ksx ls dY;k.k&FkkV ds
nksuksa e/;e okys jkx gh jgsaxsA vr% fdlh Hkh jkx esa ,sls Loj&lewgksa ds iz;ksx ls feyrs tqyrs
jkx dh Nk;k fn[kyk dj frjksHkko fd;k tk ldrk gSA dqN le; ds ckn iqu% ewy jkx tks
xk;k tk jgk gks ml jkx fo”ks’k ds Loj yxk dj vkfoZHkko djuk gksxkA
“;kedY;k.k o dkeksn dk vojksg leku gksus ds dkj.k tc dsoy vojksg Øe ds Loj
lewgksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk, rks nksuksa jkx gksaxs vr% bu nksuksa jkxksa esa ,d&nwljs dk frjksHkko
fd;k tk ldrk gSA dqN le; ds ckn vkjksg&Øe ds Loj yxk dj vHkh’V jkx esa vkus dh
fØ;k dks vkfoHkkZo dgk tk,xkA
2- ewPNZuk&Hksn ls vk/kkj&Loj ifjofrZr djds & ewy :Ik ls vk/kkj Loj ‘kM~t gksrk gS] ij
tc ‘kM~t ds vfrfjDr dqN le; ds fy, fdlh vU; Loj dks vk/kkj Loj ;kuh ‘kM~t eku
fy;k tk, rks ewy jkx fNi tk,xk vkSj mlds LFkku ij nwljk jkx fn[kykbZ nsus yxsxkA tSls
dksey&/kSor okys yfyr jkx dks xkrs&ctkrs le; ;fn e/;e dks dqN le; ds fy, ‘kM~t
eku ysa rks yfyr ds Lojksa esa rksM+h jkx fn[kus yxsxkA tSls%&
yfyr & e ea e] /k · ea e] fu /k fu ea /k ea ea
rksM+h & lkjs lk] x · js x js lk] ea x] ea jsxjs lk
;fn fLFkfr pUnzdkSal xkrs&ctkrs le; gksrh gS vkSj ;fn e/;e dks ‘kM~t eku ysa rks
e/kqdkSal gks tk,xkA tSls%&
pUnzdkSal & e x e /k e] x e /k fu lka] lka fu lka /k fu lka] lka xa lka
e/kqdkSal & lkfu lk x lk] fu lk x ea i] i ea i x ea i] i fu i
pUnzdkSal & fu /k e x e] /k fu lka fu lka
e/kqdkSal & ea x lk] fu lk x ea i ea i
ik¡p Lojksa okys vkSMqo&tkfr ds jkxksa esa ;g fØ;k vkSj Hkh vklku gSA ekydkSal ds ‘kM~t
dks vk/kkj&Loj ekuus ls ekydkSal] dksey&xka/kkj dks ‘kM~t ekuus ls fcykoy&FkkV dk nqxkZ]
e/;e dks vk/kkj ekuus ls /kkuh] dksey /kSor dks ‘kM~t ekuus ls Hkwikyh vkSj dksey&fu’kkn dks
vk/kkj&Loj ekuus ls e/kqekn&lkjax ds LojkUrj izkIr gksaxsA vr% ekydkSal esa bu pkjksa jkxksa dk
frjksHkko fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k mijksDr ik¡pksa jkxksa esa ,d&nwljs dk frjksHkko fd;k tk ldrk
gSA
ewPNZuk&Hksn ls frjksHkko djus ls jkxksa ds foLrkj dh Ik;kZIr tkudkjh gks tkrh gS D;ksafd
lHkh jkxksa dh rkusa ,d&nwljs jkx esa iz;ksx djus dh ubZ n`f’V vk tkrh gSA leFkZ dykdkj bl
fjfr ls vk/kkj&Loj cny&cny dj dksbZ Hkh jkx vf/kd le; xkrs ctkrs ns[ks tkrs gSaA cM+s
xqyke vyh [kk¡ lkgc rks ewPNZuk&Hksn ls vk/kkj&Loj ifjofrZr djds vfoHkkZo&frjksHkko dh jhfr
dk gh vf/kd iz;ksx djrs FksA
4-11 dkdq
dkdq dk vFkZ gS /ofu ds mrkj&p<+ko ls Hkko O;Dr djukA laxhr esa LkHkh Loj vk/kkj
Loj ls Å¡ps ;k uhps gksus ij curs gSa ftuls laxhr fufeZr gksrk gSA dkdq ls Lojksa dk
mrkj&p<+ko ;k Lojksa dk Å¡pk uhpkiu iznf”kZr gksrk gS blfy, dkdq dks laxhr dh tuuh dgk
tkrk gSA leku “kCn gksus ij Hkh ;fn /ofu dks Hkko ds vuqlkj Å¡ph ;k uhph dj nh tk, rks
Hkko esa vUrj vk tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr ;fn “kCnksa ds Bgjko esa vUrj dj fn;k tk, rks Hkh
vFkZ ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA v/kZ&fojke ls fuEufyf[kr okD; dk vFkZ gh foifjr gks x;k gS ^mls
jksdks* er vkus nks*] vc ;gk¡ jksdks ds ckn dk vFkZ fojke êr* ds Ik”pkr yxkus ls vFkZ ,dne
foifjr gks tkrk gS&^mls jksdks er] vkus nks*A bu nksuksa okD;ksa esa leku “kCn gSa dsoy v/kZfojke
ds LFkku Hksn ls vFkZ ifjofrZr gks x;kA vc dkdq ij fopkj djsaA iz”uokpd okD; esa Loj uhps
ls Åij gksrk gS tSls ;fn ;g iwNuk gks fd ôg D;k gS\* rks /ofu e/;&’kM~t ls iape rd
mBrh gS blds foifjr tc mRrj nsuk gks /ofu e/;&’kM~t ls uhps iape rd tkrh gSA dgus

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
dk Hkko ;g gS fd ;fn fy[kk gqvk u gks dsoy dguk gks rks leku okD; gksrs gq, dsOky
e/;&’kM~t ls e/;&iape rd /ofu tk, rks mRrj yxrk gSA ;gh dkdq dk iz;ksxA dkdq dk
{ks= fo”kky gSA “kkjaxnso us laxhr jRukdj¼Hkkx&2] i`-&175½ esa Ng izdkj ds dkdqvksa dk
mYys[k fd;k gS tSls Loj dkdq] jkx dkdq] vU;&jkx dkdq] ns”k dkdq] {ks= dkdq vkSj ;U=
dkdqA blds vfrfjDr Hkko O;Dr djus ds fy, dHkh fdlh “kCn ij ncko nsus ds fy, t+kjs
nsuk gksrk gSA dHkh dksey Hkkoukvksa dks iznf”kZr ;k O;Dr djus ds fy, /ofu dks vis{kkd`r
eqyk;e cukuk gksrk gSA bu nksuksa izdkjksa dk lkfgR; vkSj laxhr nksuksa esa ,d leku :Ik ls
iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA tSls nksuksa izdkjksa dk lkfgR; vkSj laxhr nksuksa esa ,d leku :Ik ls iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA tSls lkfgR; esa Mjkus ds Hkko dks dBksj “kCnksa ls] oSls gh laxhr esa Loj dks
cqyUn djds ;k ok| esa tksjnkj izgkj djds iznf”kZr djrs gSaA e/kqjrk ds fy, dksey Hkko ls
“kCnksa ;k Lojksa dh lgk;rk ls dkdq ds lgkjs Hkko O;Dr fd, tkrs gSaA
4-12 Rkku
Rkku “kCn dk vFkZ gS c<+kuk ;k QSykukA nwljs vFkksZa esa bldks foLrkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk
gS D;ksafd blds }kjk jkx okpd Loj lewgksa dk nzqr y; esa v[kafMr #i esa mPpkj.k fd;k tkrk
gSA fdlh Hkh jkx esa rku mPpkj.k djus ds fy, ml jkx ds oknh&laoknh] vkjksg&vojksg vkSj
oftZr Loj] jkx dk fo”ks’k pyu vkfn dh rjQ fo”ks’k /;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSA bu rRoksa dk /;ku
rks vkyki cafn”k esa Hkh j[kuk iM+rk gS ijUrq rkuksa esa fo”ks’k fu;eksa dk ikyu djrs gq, fofHkUu
y;dkfj;ka] ftlls lqUnjrk] fofp=rk vkfn iSnk gksrh gS] dk fo”ks’k egRo fn[kyk;k tkrk gSA
Rkkuksa dk iz;ksx [;ky] VIik] Bqejh vkfn xk;u&”kSfy;ksa esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA /kzqin esa
rkuksa dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrkA /kzqin ds rhljs vkSj pkSFks pj.k esa ukse&rkse ds vkyki esa
dsoy xed rku dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj rkuksa dk iz;ksx /kzqin esa ugha gksrkA
Rkkuksa ds izdkj & Rkkuksa ds vusd izdkj gSa tSls&vyadkfjd rku] xed rku] dwV rku] feJ rku]
NwV rku] tcM+s dh rku] fQjr rku] nkusnkj rku] gyd rku] >Vds dh rku] [kVds dh rku]
cksy rku] likV rku] VIis vax dh rku] ewNZuk dh rku] pDdh rku] ryokj dh rku]
m[kkM+&iNkM+ dh rku] yM+r rku] iyV rku] ljxe rku] vpjd rku] oØ rku] ljksd rku
vkfnA
rku jpuk fof/k & vkjafHkd fo|kFkhZ dks igys xq# ds }kjk fl[kkÃ lk/kkj.k rkuksa dk gh iz;ksx
djuk pkfg,A ijUrq /khjs&/khjs fo|kFkhZ dks jkx ds fo”ks’k pyu] rkuksa ds mfpr fu;eksa ds iz;ksx
ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gks tkrh gS rks og rkuksa dh jpuk Lo;a Hkh dj ldrk gSA rkuksa esa y;dkjh
dk fo”ks’k egRo gSA
mRre rkuksa ds fl)kar & vkjafHkd fo|kFkhZ dks igys pkj o.kksZ¼LFkkÃ o.kZ] vkjksgh o.kZ] vojksgh
o.kZ] lapkjh o.kZ½ ds vyadkjksa dk vH;kl gksuk pkfg, rkfd fo|kFkhZ dk xyk Lojksa ds mfpr
LFkku ds mPpkj.k esa iDdk gks ldsA bu vyadkjksa dks igys Bkg y; esa] fQj nqxqu vkSj pkSxqu]
vBxqu y; esa djok;k tk,A
vkjaHk esa dsoy NksVh&NksVh rkuksa dk gh vH;kl djk;k tk,A ckn esa cM+h rkusa fo|kFkhZ
vius vki xkus esa leFkZ gks tkrk gSA rku dk vH;kl igys de y; esa fd;k tk, rkfd Lojksa
vkSj fØ;kvksa dk mfpr iz;ksx gks ldsA rkuksa dh la[;k rc gh c<+kÃ tk, tc igyh rkuksa ij
iwjk vH;kl gks tk,A vH;kl ds fy, vFkkZr~ xys dh fo”ks’k gjdr ds fy, likV rku dk
viuk vyx gh ;ksxnku gksrk gSA vojksgkRed Øe esa likV Lojksa dk mPpkj.k eqf”dy yxrk gS
D;ksafd bl Øe esa daB ij dkcw rc gh gks ldrk gS tc Lojksa dk iw.kZ Kku gksA ,slh rkuksa esa
y;dkjh /khjs&/khjs c<+kuh pkfg, vkSj lkFk gh lkFk likV Lojksa dk vH;kl e/; ‘kM~t ls ysdj
rkj lka rd u fd;k tk, cfYd igys lk ls ysdj e rd ,d iM+ko nsdj vH;kl djus ds
ckn rkj ‘kM~t rd igqapk tk,A
rku dk vH;kl djrs le; ‘kM~t ;k jkx esa yxus okys fo”ks’k vkjafHkd Loj tSls
dY;k.k esa fu vkfn ls u fd;k tk, cfYd _’kHk ls ysdj rkj lIrd ds _’kHk rd] xa/kkj ls
ysdj rkj lIrd ds xa/kkj rd bR;kfn rkuksa dk vH;kl fd;k tk,] ftlls fo|kFkhZ dks Lojksa

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
dk cgqr iDdk vH;kl gks tk,xkA blls mldks fdlh Hkh Loj dks lk ekudj xkus dk vH;kl
gks tk,xkA ewPNZuk i)fr esa Hkh ,slk gksrk gSA tc fo|kFkhZ fdlh Hkh Loj dks lk ekudj
vkjksg&vojksg djsxk rc Lojksa ds LFkkuksa esa varj vkuk LokHkkfod gSA pkgs mlus mPpkj.k rks lk
js x e Ik /k fu vkfn dk gh fd;k gS ijUrq gj ckj ‘kM~t cnyus ls ewy Loj lewg esa varj vk
tk,xkA ftlls fofHkUu Lojksa ds mPpkj.k esa fQj dksÃ eqf”dy ugha vk,xhA
vkjaHk esa ,sls jkxksa dh rkusa djokuh pkfg, ftuesa “kq) Loj iz;ksx gks] ftudk pyu
ljy vkSj lh/kk gks vkSj ftuesa laokn T;knk gksA tSls dY;k.k jkx bR;kfn blesa rhoz e/;e ds
vykok ckdh lHkh Loj “kq) yxrs gSa vkSj bldk pyu Hkh lh/kk gSA ,sls jkxksa esa rkuksa dh rS;kjh
ds ckn fQj fdlh vkSj jkx dh rkusa dh tk,A igys oØ tkfr okyh jkxksa dh rkuksa dh rS;kjh
u dh tk,A igys vkSM+o tkfr ds ljy jkxksa dh rkusa tSls Hkwikyh] ns”kdkj bR;kfn jkxksa esa gh
mPpkjh tk, D;ksafd “kq) Lojksa ij dkcw ds ckn gh dksey Loj mPpkj.k esa lQyrk feysxhA
cksy rkuksa dks xkus ds fy, igys cafn”k ds cksyksa dk vH;kl ljxe ij gh fd;k tk, ckn esa
cafn”k ds cksyksa dh rku vFkkZr~ cksyrku ;k vkdkj ds }kjk rku dk vH;kl fd;k tk,A
vknr] ftxj] fglkc oSls rks bu rhuksa dk iz;ksx laxhr ds gj igyw esa jgrk gS ijUrq
rkuksa esa bl laca/k esa fo”ks’k pkSdUus jguk iM+rk gS tSls fo”ks’k y;dkjh ds fy, mRre vH;kl
vFkkZr~ vknr] Lojksa vkSj fØ;kvksa dk mfpr iz;ksx vFkkZr~ ftxj vkSj ek=kvksa dh fo”ks’k fxurh
vFkkZr~ fglkcA mRre rkuksa ds fy, xk;d ds fo”ks’k xq.k tSls&cSBus dk mfpr <ax] ftlls
QsQM+ksa esa dksÃ #dkoV u gks vkSj psgjs ij Hkko is”k djus dk <ax vkfn gksuk Hkh vko”;d gSA
Loj] y; vkSj rky dh fo”ks’k tkudkjh vkRefo”okl vkfn rRoksa dk /;ku j[kuk t#jh gS
D;ksafd ,sls rRoksa ds fcuk rkuksa dk mfpr #i ls mPpkj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk] ftlds
QyLo#i xk;d vius xk;u ls bldh mRifRr djus esa vleFkZ gks tkrk gSA
vH;kl iz'u
1- ekxhZ laxhr ds fo’k; esa la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft,A
2- okXxs;dkj ds xq.kksa dk o.kZu la{ksi esa dhft,A
3- Hkkjrh; laxhr esa dkdq ls vki D;k le>rs gks\ laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
4- jkxksa ds pyu esa frjksHkko ,oa vkfoHkkZo dk D;k egRo gS\crkb,A
1- xku yksd :fp ds vuqlkj u gksdj eks{k izkfIr dk lk/ku FkkA
2- ns”kh laxhr dk ewy mn~ns”; yksdjatudkjh jgk gSA
3- laxhr jRukdj esa 6 izdkj ds dkdqvksa dk o.kZu feyrk gSA
4- frjksHkko dh fØ;k leizd`fr jkxksa dks NksM+ vU; jkxksa esa dh tkrh gSA
1- /kzqin xk;u esa Lojksa dks vkUnksfyr djrs gq, rkukas dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
2- fuc) xku esa os laxhre;h jpuk,a vkrh gS tks c) gksrh gaSA
3- eks0 dje beke us vius xzaFk esa uk;dksa dh la[;k ekuh gSA
4- ekxhZ laxhr dk eq[; mn~ns”; izkfIr jgk gSA
4-13 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds lS)kfUrd i{kksa tSls ekxhZ
laxhr] ns”kh laxhr] xU/koZ] xku] okXxs;dkj] if.Mr] dykoUr] uk;d] xk;d] xhr] frjksHkko]
vfoHkkZo] dkdq vkSj Rkku ds ckjs esa tku pqds gksaxsA laxhr ,oa /kEkZ dk vkjEHk ls gh vVwV lEcU/k
jgk gSA laxhr dh nks /kkjkvksa eks{k izkfIr ,oa yksd euksjatudkjh Øe”k% ekxhZ ,oa ns”kh laxhr ds
:Ik esa dkykUrj ls Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds vfHkUu vax ds :Ik esa izpyu esa jgh gSA ekxhZ laxhr dh
rqyuk igkM+h ns”kksa esa mUeqDr :Ik ls cgrs gq, >juksa ls dh tk ldrh gSA Hkkjrh; “kkL=h;
laxhr dh ijEijk dk fuokZg djrs gq, xk;d] uk;d] okXxs;dkj] iafMr] dykoUr vkfn us

Ckh0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
izR;sd dky esa bl dyk dks le`) djrs gq, viuh fo”ks’k Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu fd;k gSA buesa
okXxs;dkj lEiw.kZ :Ik ls dyk fu’.kkr gksrs jgs gSaA
Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr esa jkx fofpy vewY; nsu gSA jkx dk ewy mn~ns”; jatdrk
mRiUu djuk gSA jatdrk og gS tks vk/;kfRed vkuUn iznku djsA jkx esa vkyki&rky ,oa
vkfoHkkZo rFkk frjksHkko ds iz;ksx ,oa fØ;kvksa }kjk jkx dh lqUnjrk vkSj jatdrk dk lapkj fd;k
tkrk gSA rky }kjk jkx esa ,d peRdkj mRiUu Hkh gksrk gSA orZeku esa jkx esa vkfoHkkZo o
frjksHkko ,d vfuok;Z fØ;k curh tk jgh gS rFkk vkyki iz/kku laxhr rky iz/kku laxhr ds :Ik
esa fodflr gksrk tk jgk gSA blh “kCnksa esa dg ldrs gSa fd tu :fp ifjofrZr gks xbZ gSA
le; ds lkFk laxhr ds fofHkUu i{kksa esa cnyko vk;k rFkk xk;dh ifjofrZr gksrh xbZA
4-14 “kCnkoyh
1- Jqfr & dkuksa ls lquh tk ldus okyh lw{e /ofuA
2- ewPNZuk & lIrd esa Øekuqlkj ikWp] N% ;k lkr Lojksa dk fo'ks’k Øe;qDr iz;ksx ewPNZuk
dgykrk gSA
3- xed & vkUnksfyr cy;qDr Loj dk iz;ksxA
4- tkfr xku & /kqzin o izcU/k xk;u ds iwoZ ,d izkphu xku izdkjA
5- xzg ,oa va'k Loj & laxhr jpuk dk lcls izkjfEHkd Loj xzg Loj gS rFkk blds i'pkr
egRoiw.kZ Loj va'k Loj gSA
6- [kVdk & fdlh Loj dks ikl okys nwljs Loj ls vYi Li'kZ ;fn tksjnkj fof/k ls gks rks og
[kVdk dgykrk gSA
7- eqdhZ & Lojksa dk NksVk lk lewg ftlls rst xfr ls fy;k tkrk gS mls eqdhZ dgrs gSaA
8- vyadkj & Lojksa dk ,slk lewg tks xhr dks jatdrk iznku djrk gSA
9- vkyki & Lojksa }kjk vkdkj esa foLrkj djuk ftlls jkx dk foLrkj gksrk gSA

1- vlR; 2- lR; 3- lR; 4- vlR;
1- xed 2- rky 3- 12 4- eks{k

1- dkSj] MkW0 HkxoUr] ijEijkxr fgUnqLrkuh lS)kfUrd laxhr] dfu’dk ifCy'klZ] ubZ fnYyhA
2- ljkZQ] MkW0 jek] ¼2004½] Hkkjrh; laxhr lfjrk] dfu’dk ifCy”klZ uÃ fnYyhA
3- ijkatis] MkW0 'kjPpUnz Jh/kj] ¼1992½] laxhr cks/k] e/;izns'k fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh] HkksikyA
4- jktu] Mk0 js.kq] ¼2010½ Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr ds fofo/k vk;ke] vafdr ifCyds”ku] uÃ
fnYyhA
5- Hkkr[k.Ms] fo’.kq ukjk;.k] ¼1966½] mRrj Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr bfrgkl] laxhr dk;kZy;]
gkFkjlA
4-17 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh%

1- xxZ] y{eh ukjk;.k] clUr¼1997½] laxhr fo'kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
3- ikBd] ia0 txnh'k ukjk;.k] ¼1995½] laxhr 'kkL= izoh.k] ikBd ifCyds'ku] bykgkcknA

1- jkxksa esa vkfoHkkZo] frjksHkko ds iz;ksx ds egRo dks le>krs gq, foLrkj ls O;k[;k dhft,A
2- ekxhZ ,oa ns”kh laxhr dh O;k[;k djrs gq, foLrkj iwoZd budh fo”ks’krkvksa dks le>kb,A
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdkbZ 1 & Lojok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh( ikB~;dze ds jkxksa dk ifjp;] Loj foLrkj ,oa
Loj lewg ds ek/;e ls jkx igpkuuk
1-1 izLrkouk
1-2 mn~ns ” ;
1-3 Loj ok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh
1-4 jkx fe;k ¡ eYgkj
1-4-1 ifjp;
1-4-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k ¡
1-4-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk
1-5 jkx ekydkSal & iw.kZ o.kZu
1-5-1 ifjp;
1-6 jkx eqYrkuh
1-6-1 ifjp;
1-7 jkx rksM+h
1-7-1 ifjp;
1-8 jkx njckjh
1-8-1 ifjp;
1-9 jkx clUr
1-9-1 ifjp;
1-10 jkx ijt
1-10-1 ifjp;
1-11 jkx “ kadjk
1-11-1 ifjp;
1-12 lkjka ” k
1-13 vH;kl iz ” uksa ds m Ÿ kj
1-14 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph
1-15 fucU/kkRed iz ” u
54 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; f}rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 1

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
1-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds f}rh; [k.M dh
igyh bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds ckn vki Hkkjrh; laxhr ds
bfrgkl¼e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd½ rFkk FkkV i)fr ds ckjs esa tku pqds
gksaxsA vki Jqfr ,oa lkaxhfrd “kCnksa ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
izLrqr bdkbZ esa vkidks Lojok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA
blesa ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dk iw.kZ o.kZu fn;k x;k gS ftlls vki jkxksa dk iw.kZ ifjp; izkIr
djsaxsA jkx esa iz;ksx gksus okyh eq[; Loj laxfr;k¡ ftuls jkx dh LFkkiuk dh tkrh gS] bl
bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls vki mudks Hkh tkusaxsA pyu ,oa vax ds vk/kkj ij jkx ,d nwljs ls
feyrs gSaA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki Lojok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh ds fo’k; esa
tku ldsaxsA vki vius ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dks le> ldsaxs vkSj feyrs&tqyrs jkxksa dk v/;;u
dj ,d nwljs ls vyx dj le> ldsaxs] tks vkidks jkxksa dk lS)kfUrd i{k izLrqr djus esa
lgk;d gksxkA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki jkxksa dk fØ;kRed Lo:i esa izLrqrhdj.k
lQyrk iwoZd dj ldsaxsA
1-2 mn~ns ” ;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr vki %&
1- Lojok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh ds fo’k; esa tku ldsaxsA
2- ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dk iw.kZ ifjp; izkIr dj ldsaxsA
3- Loj lewg }kjk jkxksa dks igpku ldsaxsA
4- jkxksa dks ,d nwljs ls i`Fkd dj ik,axsA
5- jkxksa dh lS)kfUrd O;k[;k ,oa fØ;kRed Lo:i dk lqUnj rFkk lQy izLrqrhdj.k dj
ldsaxsA
1-3 Lojok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh

fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds laKku ds fy, ;g ckr tkuuk vfr vko';d gS fd izkphu dky esa
oknu dk viuk dksbZ LorU= vfLrRo ugha Fkk vkSj oknu ges'kk xk;u dk vuqdj.k gh djrk
Fkk] vFkkZr xk;u dh laxfr ds fy, gh oknu dk iz;ksx gksrk FkkA oknd] xk;d dk vuqlj.k
djrs gq, ok| ij Hkh ogh /kqu ctkrs FksA /khjs&/khjs ok|ksa dk LorU= oknu izkjEHk gqvk ijUrq
oknd vHkh Hkh xk;u dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, cafn'k] xhr vkfn dk gh oknu fd;k djrs FksA
;gh i)fr vkxs pydj xk;dh vax dk oknu dgykbZA rr~i'pkr ok|ksa ij ctkus ds fy,
xrdkjh ;k ra=dkjh i)fr dk fodkl gqvkA oSfnd dky esa xk;u ds lkFk oh.kk oknu gksrk
FkkA izkphu dky esa lHkh izdkj ds rr~ ok|ksa ds fy, oh.kk laKk izpfyr Fkh vkSj oh.kk oknu
ges'kk xk;u ds vuqdj.k esa gh gksrk FkkA vkt oknu dh nks i)fr;k¡ izpkj esa gS tks
fuEufyf[kr gSa %&
1- xk;dh vax & izpfyr rr~ ok|ksa esa flrkj f=ra=h oh.kk dk gh fodflr #i gSA vius
fodkl ds izkjfEHkd fnuksa esa flrkj dk iz;ksx xku ds fy, gh gksrk FkkA 18oha 'kkrkCnh eas
lsfu;k ?kjkus ds dqN mLrknksa us vius [kkunku ds ckgj ds yksxksa dks f'k{kk nsus ds fy, vU;
ok|ksa dks Hkh viuk;kA blls flrkj vkSj lqjcgkj dks c<+kok feykA oh.kk dk vkyki vax
lqjcgkj vkSj xhr vax flrkj ij ctus yxkA fl[kkus okys mLrkn] xk;d gksus dks dkj.k
xk;dh dks gh izeq[k LFkku nsrs Fks rFkk mUgksaus oknu esa Hkh blh vax dks LFkku fn;kA gekjs
laxhr dh izkphu “kSyh /kqzoin esa xk;u ds vH;kliw.kZ izR;sd Loj dh “kq)rk ij fo”ks’k /;ku
fn;k tkrk jgk gSA Loj dks ;Fkksfpr LFkku ij yxkuk gh ijeko”;d gksrk gSA oknu esa Hkh
mlh rjg Loj dk egRo gSA pwafd gekjs d.B fLFkfr Loj&;a= izd`fr iznŸk gksrk gS] ml dk
iz;ksx Hkh vk?kkr tfur gSA vFkkZr~ d.B ls tks Loj mRiUu gksrk gS og gekjs “kkjhfjd iz;kl
ls gh gksrk gSA oknu esa ge mls vk?kkr] fetjkc ;k vU; izdkj dh O;oLFkk ls mRiUu djrs gSa
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
blfy, ;fn dgk tk, fd d.B Loj ;k xk;u dk gh vuqlj.k ge oknu esa djrs gSa rks ;g
vlR; u gksxkA /kqzin esa oh.kk o vU; ok|ksa dh laxfr esa ;gh fd;k tkrk jgk gSA xk;u dh
fo”ks’krk dks gh oknu esa vorfjr djuk gh xk;dh gSA fdlh Hkh ok| esa oknu ds le; oknd
xk;u dh egŸoiw.kZ Loj&laxfr;ksa dk gh vuqlj.k djrk gS tks mldh lw>&cw> o vH;kl
rFkk fparu ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA fetjkc ds vk?kkr ij gh og e/kqjrk o vknŸk] ftxj] fglkc
dh iw.kZrk dks izLrqr djrk gSA ,dy flrkj oknu ;k vU; ok| ds oknu esa mDr rF;ksa dk
gksuk vko”;d gSA
daB laxhr dks loksZifj LFkku nsrs gq, okndksa us Hkh xk;u dh ijEijk dk fuoZgu
fd;kA ;k ;w¡ dfg, fd ftrus Hkh izfl) oknd gq, os lHkh xk;u esa Hkh iw.kZ ikjaxr gksus ds
dkj.k xk;u dk vuqlj.k gh ok| ij djrs FksA blh ds pyrs xk;dh vax ls oknu dk fodkl
gqvkA m0 foyk;r [kka o muds f'k"; ijEijk esa xk;dh vax dk flrkj gh ctk;k tkrk gSA
2- xrdkjh ;k ra=dkjh vax & xk;dh vax dks iw.kZ #i ls flrkj o vU; ok|ksa ij ctkuk
larks"kizn fl) u gks ldk vkSj lsfu;k ?kjkus us oknu dh ubZ 'kSyh ^xr* dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA
xr dh cafn'k ewyr% xku dh 'kSfy;ksa ls izHkkfor Fkh] fdUrq fetjkc ds fo'ks"k iz;ksxksa ds dkj.k
xr dh jpuk xku ls fHkUur% iz;ksx gksus yxhA ra= ds fy, mi;qDr xr 'kSyh dk fuekZ.k dk
Js; lsuh ?kjkus ds mLrknksa dks nsrs gaSA xrksa ds fuekZ.kdÙkkZvksa esa fugky iq= vehj [kka ,oa
elhr [kka ds uke ls Øe'k% vehj[kkuh ,oa elhr[kkuh dk izpyu gqvkA buds f'k"; cjdr
mYyk [kka] cgknqj [kka ,oa xqyke jtk [kka lsuh ?kjkus ds Fks] ftu ds uke ij jtk[kkuh xr dk
izpkj gqvkA flrkj o vU; rr~ ok|ks esa nks izdkj dh xrksa dk izpyu “kq: gqvk] ftUgsa ge
oknu 'kSyh ;k ckt Hkh dg ldrs gSaA bl izdkj nks izdkj dh xrksa dk fodkl gqvk &
elhr[kkuh vkSj jt+k[kkuh xrA
gj ok| dk viuk ,d pfj= gksrk gSA pfj= ls rkRi;Z gS ml ok| dh cukoV]
xw¡t¼vkl½] vk?kkr dh ek=k rFkk Vksuy DokfyVh¼Loj dh ;Fkksfpr e/kqj /ofu½A budk v/;;u
dj ra= esa iz;ksx djus dh n`f’V ls ^xrdkjh* “kCn dk izpyu gqvkA bl “kSyh esa mu lHkh
ckrksa dk /;ku j[kk tkrk gS tks gekjh /kqzoin “kSyh esa fufgr gSA vkt Hkh oknu esa foLr`r
vkyki] y;c) vkyki] nzqr y; esa vkyki izLrqr fd;k tkrk] rRi”pkr~ xrsa ctkbZ tkrh gSaA
xk;u dh “kCn jpuk¼cfUn”kksa½ dks gw&c&gw vFkkZr~ iw.kZr% oknu esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
larks’ktud u gksus ij fo}kuksa us jkx o rky esa ca/kh gqbZ fetjkc ds vk?kkrksa dks iwjh rjg
/;ku nsrs gq, ^xrksa* dk izpkj fd;k vkSj tks dykUrj esa yksdfiz; gqbZA vkt oknd bUgha xrksa
ds vk/kkj ij oknd viuh oknu dyk dk izn”kZu djrs gSaA xrksa esa foyfEcr xr ds nkSjku
pSunkjh] y;dkjh] fofHkUu d.kZfiz; NUnksa ;qDr Loj&laxfr;ksa dk iz;ksx ;Fkk LFkku fd;k tkrk
gSA dsoy Lojksa }kjk HkkokfHkO;fDr dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gS tks okLro esa dfBu lk/kuk o
fparu }kjk gh lEHko gksrk gSA
xr dh ifjHkk"kk & fdlh Hkh ok| ;U= ij ctkbZ tkus okyh jkx&rky c) lqe/kqj jpuk,a xr
dgykrh gaSA rr~ ok|ksa ij ctkbZ tkus okyh xrksa ds eq[; nks izdkj gksrs gSa %&
1- elhr[kkuh xr 2- jt+k[kkuh xr
izR;sd xr ds nks pj.k gksrs gSA igys pj.k dks LFkkbZ vkSj nwljs dks varjk dgrs gaSA
1- elhr[kkuh xr & ra=dkjksa us [;ky 'kSyh ds foyfEcr [;ky ds leku gh elhr[kkuh xr

dks foyfEcr ds #i esa vkSj jtk[kkuh xr dks [;ky 'kSyh ds nzqr [;ky leku nzrq ds #i esa
iz;qä djuk vkjEHk dj fn;kA vkt ds fo|kFkhZ ds fy, elhr[kkuh dk vFkZ foyfEcr xr gh
gSA ;g rhurky esa gh ctkbZ tkrh gSA dqN Js"B dykdkjksa us rhurky ds LFkku ij bls #id]
>irky vkfn esa Hkh ctkuk 'kq# fd;k gSA bu rkyksa esa xrsa ctkus ds fy, rky ds vuqlkj
fet+jkc ds lh/ks cksy iz;qä fd, tkrs gSaA mnkgj.kLo#i #id ds fy, ^^nkjk nkjk nk nkjk*]
>irky ds fy, ^^nkjk nk nkjk nkjk nk nkjk** vkfnA elhr[kkuh xr dh fo'ks"krk mldh
foyfEcr y; gS] ftl ij chu dk Li"V izHkko gSA t;iqj ds elhr [kk¡ blds vkfo"drkZ ekus
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
tkrs gSaA bl xr dh jpuk esa fnj] nk] fnj nkjk nk nkjk] bl Øe esa cksyksa dh jpuk gksuh
pkfg,A
elhr[kkuh xr esa tksM+] vkyki] ehM+] xed vkfn fofHkUu izdkj dh vyadkfjd rkuksa
dk fo'ks"kr% izn'kZu fd;k tkrk gSA elhr [kk¡ lkgc us rhurky esa 12 oha ek=k ls xr dk
izkjaHk dj cksyksa dk bl izdkj iz;ksx fd;k & fnj nk fnj nk jk nk nk jk] iqu% bUgha cksyksa dks
nqckjk ctk;k tkrk gSA bl rjg 8 ek=kvksa ds cksy lewg dks nksckjk ctkus ls mLrkn elhr
[kk¡ us bl yksdfiz; ^xr* dks izpfyr fd;kA bl xr dk iz;ksx izk;% rr ok|ksa ;Fkk flrkj]
ljksn vkfn esa vkt Hkh lqUnj <ax ls fd;k tk jgk gSA foyfEcr xr dk i;kZ; elhr[kkuh xr
ls gSA
2- jtk[kkuh xr & jtk[kkuh xr dk vfHkizk; vkt nzqr xr ls gh fy;k tkrk gSA blesa Hkh
rhurky dk gh iz;ksx gksrk jgk gSA elhr[kkuh ds leku blesa Hkh ubZ rkyksa dk izos'k gqvk gSA
tkSuiqj ds jtk [kk¡ elhr [kk¡ ds 'kkfxnZ Fks] ftUgkasus jt+k[kuh xr dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA blesa
nzqry; esa xr rFkk rksM+s ctk, tkrs gSaA jt+k[kkuh esa xrdkjh] fpdkjh rFkk fofHkUu izdkj ds
^^>kyk** dk izn'kZu fd;k tkrk gSA vkt lHkh dykdkj elhr[kkuh vkSj jt+k[kkuh xr ,d
lkFk ctkrs gSaA
ckt & fofHkUu izdkj ls fetjkc ds cksyksa dks flrkj ij dykRed <+ax ls ctkus dks ckt
dgrs gSaA bldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ^^flrkj ctkus dh fof'k"V 'kSyh** ls gksrk gSA ckt izeq[kr% nks
izdkj ds gksrs gaS %&
1- fnYyh ckt & bls if'peh ckt Hkh dgrs gSaA blesa elhr[kkuh xrsa ctkbZ tkrh gSaA y;
blesa foyfEcr j[kh tkrh gS] rFkk xk;dh <+ax ls vkyki] ehaM] tetek] eqdhZ vkfn xedksa dk
[kwc iz;ksx gksrk gS rFkk blesa fofHkUu y;ksa dh rkyksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
2- xqyke jt+k ckt vFkok iwohZ ckt & blesa æqr y; dh iz/kkurk gksrh gS] ftls jt+k[kkuh
dgrs gSaA blesa rS;kjh ds lkFk dykRed <+ax ls rksMs+ o >kys ctk, tkrs gSa vkSj vUr esa y;
cgqr rst dj nsrs gSaA lk/kkj.kr;k bls y[kuÅ ckt Hkh dgrs gaS] D;kasfd xqyke jt+k [kku]
ftUgksaus bl izdkj dh 'kSyh dk 'kqHkkjEHk fd;k Fkk] os y[kuÅ ds fuoklh FksAa
tc ckt dks O;kid vFkZ esa ysrs gSa rks blds vUrxZr flrkj ctkus dh fofo/k 'kSfy;ka
vkSj muds foLrkj vk tkrs gSaA bl izdkj fofo/k okndksa dh 'kSyh dh fofo/krk ls fofo/k ckt
Hkh cu tkrs gSaA dsoy y; o cksyksa ds vUrj ls gh ckt dk Hksn ekuuk i;kZIr ugha gSA
elhr[kkuh o jt+k[kkuh xrksa dks gh vyx&vyx oknd vius fof'k"V <+ax ls ctk ldrs gaSA
ysfdu bl izdkj dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa dks ?kjkus ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
1-4 jkx fe;k ¡ eYgkj

1-4-1 ifjp; %&
fe;k ¡ eYgkj bfr fofnrks ;Lrq d.kkZVfeJ%A
‘ kM~tks oknh :fpj bg laokfnuk iapesuAA
xka/kkjL; LQqVfoylnkanksyua fu};a pA
izPNUuks /kks foylfr lnk e/;eknzkS izikr%AA dYinzqekadjs
^xk dksey laokn e&l] mrjr /kSor vkj

nksm fu ’kkn ds :i ys] dfg fe;k ¡ eYgkj*
fe;k¡ eYgkj jkx dkQh FkkV tU; jkx gSA dqN fo}ku bldk oknh lk rFkk lEoknh î*
ekurs gSa rks dksbZ bldk oknh ê* rFkk lEoknh lk ekurs gSaA ijUrq “kkL=ksDrkuqlkj nwljk er
vf/kd izpfyr gSA blds vkjksg esa lkr RkFkk vojksg esa /kSor oftZr gksus ds dkj.k bldh tkfr
lEiw.kZ&‘kkM+o ekuh tkrh gSA bl jkx dks o’kkZ _`rq esa vf/kd xk;k&ctkk;k tkrk gS blfy,
bl jkx dks ekSleh jkx dh laKk nh tkrh gSA “kkL= fu;ekuqlkj bl jkx dk xk;u le;
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
e/;jkf= ekuk tkrk gSA dkuMk+ ,oa eYgkj bu nks jkxksa dk blesa lqUnj lkeatL; gSA bl jkx
esa & js e js lk] fu+ i+] e+ i+] fu+ /k+] fu+ lk] e js i] fu /k] fu lka] i x e js lk & ;g Hkkx
ckj&ckj iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bUgha Loj leqnk;ksa }kjk bl jkx dh igpku gksrh gSA bl
jkx esa dksey xa/kkj rFkk nksuksa fu’kknksa¼dksey ,oa “kq)½ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dHkh&dHkh
nksuksa fu’kknksa dk iz;ksx Hkh xk;d&oknd ,d ds ckn ,d djds Hkh jkx gk¡fu ugha gksus nsrs gSa
vkSj tks lquus esa Hkh lqUnj izrhr gksrk gSA bldk vkyki tc foyfEcr y; esa djds mldk
foLrkj eUnz LFkku ij gksrk gS rc ;g lqUnj ,oa d.kZfiz; yxrk gSA
bl jkx dk vkyki eUnz ,oa e/; lIrd esa vf/kd fd;k tkrk gSA xkSM+ eYgkj esa ftl
izdkj lka] /k i] /k lka] /k i & ;g iz;ksx {kE; gS vkSj dqN va”kksa esa jkx okpd Hkh gS] ml
izdkj dk iz;ksx bl jkx esa ugha gSA ;g jkx loZizFke fe;k¡ rkulsu }kjk izpfyr gqvk vkSj
vdcj ckn”kkg us bls cgqr ilUn fd;k ,slk ekU; gSA ;g vR;f/kd e/kqj ,oa yksdfiz; jkx
gSA
vkjksg & js e js lk] e js] i] fu /k] fu lkaA
vojksg & lka fu i] e i ] x e] js lkAA
idM+ & js e js lk] fu+ i+] e+ i+] fu+ /k+] fu+ lk] i] x e js lkA
U;kl ds Loj & x] i] “kq) fu
leizd`fr jkx & cgkj
1-4-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k ¡ %&

1- lk js lk] fu+ /k+ fu+ /k+] fu+ lk] fu+ lk js lk fu+ i+] e+ i+ fu+ /k+ fu+ lk] fu+ lk js e js lkA
2- fu+ lk js] lk js i x] e js lk] fu+ /k+ fu+ lk js lk] i x] e js lkA
3- e js i] e i] fu /k] fu /k] fu e i] fu fu i e i] x] e js lk /k+ fu+ e+ i+] fu+ /k+] lk fu+ /k+]
lk fu+] js lkA
4- e i] fu /k] fu /k] fu lka] lka jsa lka] /k fu e i] fu /k fu lkaA
5- fu lka jsa ea jsa lka] fu i] fu fu i e] i /k fu lka fu i x] e js lk fu+ /k+ fu+ /k+ fu+ lk js
lkA
1-4-3 Loj lewg }kjk jkx igpkuuk %&

1- lk] fu+ /k+] fu+ /k+ fu+ lk] js lkA
2- e js i] e i fu /k fu e i] x e js lkA
3- fu+ lk js e js lk] fu+ i+] fu+ /k+ fu+ lkA
4- e i fu /k] fu /k] fu lka] /k fu e iA
5- fu lka jsa] lka jsa ia xa] ea jsa lka] fu /k fu lkaA
1-5 jkx ekydkSal
1-5-1 ifjp; %&

dksey lc iape fj[kc] nksÅ cjftr dhUg A
l&e laokfnokfnrs] ekydal dks phUg AA ¼jkxpfUnzdklkj½
mijksDr fy[ks nksgs esa iape _[kc dks oftZr ,oa l&e ds lEokn }kjk ekydkSal jkx
dk Lo:i fn;k x;k gSA ekydkSal jkx HkSjoh FkkV dk jkx gS] blds vkjksg rFkk vojksg esa
_’kHk rFkk iape Loj oftZr gS blfy, bldh tkfr vkSMo+ &vkSMo+ gSA bl jkx dk oknh Loj
e/;e rFkk lEoknh ‘kM+t gSA bl jkx dk xk;u le; jkf= dk rhljk izgj gSA bl jkx esa x]
/k] fu Loj dksey rFkk “ks’k Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA ;g xEHkhj izÑfr dk vR;Ur yksdfiz; ,oa e/kqj
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jkx gSA cgqr ls xk;d&oknd dykdkjksa dk dguk gS fd ;g vklkojh FkkV dk jkx gS ijUrq
izpkj esa HkSjoh FkkV gh loZekU; gSA dHkh&dHkh _’kHk dk iz;ksx fooknh Loj ds ukrs vuqfpr
ugha gksxkA bl jkx esa foyfEcr [;ky] /kzqin] /kekj] rjkuk lHkh xk, tkrs gSaA fu’kkn ds
vfrfjDr blds lHkh Lojksa ij U;kl lEHko gSA
vkjksg & fu+ lk x e] /k fu lkaA
vojksg & lka fu /k e] x e x lkAA
idM+ & e x] e /k fu /k] e] x lk A
U;kl ds Loj & x] e /k A
leiz Ñ fr jkx & pUnzdkSal

1- fu+ lk /k+ fu+ lk
2- lk fu+ /k+] e /k+ fu+ lk A
3- /k+ fu+ lk e] e x lk A

1- fu++ lk x lk] /k+ fu+ lkA
2- fu+ lk fu+ x] lk x eA
3- x e /k e] x e x lkA
4- fu+ lk x e /k] e] x e lkA
5- x e /k fu /k e] /k e x e x lkA
6- xe /kfu lka] lka fu /k fu lka] xa lkA
7- fu lk x e x] lka] /k fu lk fu lkA
1-6 jkx eqYrkuh
1-6-1 ifjp; %&
rhoj efu dksey fjx/k] vkjksgr fj/k gkfuA

ilk oknh&lEoknh rs] xqfu xkor eqYrkuhAA ¼ j kxpfUnzdklkj ½
dkseyk fj/kxk ;= okfn laokfnukS ilkSA

vkjksgs fj/kghuk lk ewyrkU;ijk.k~gxkAA ¼ p fUnzdk;ke ½
eqYrkuh jkx dh mRifŸk rksM+h FkkV ls ekuh xbZ gSA bl jkx esa js] x] /k Loj dksey
rFkk e Loj rhoz iz;qDr gksrk gSA blesa oknh iape rFkk lEoknh ‘kMt gSA vkjksg esa js&/k Loj
oftZr rFkk vojksg esa lkrksa Loj iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSa blfy, bl jkx dh tkfr vkSM+o&lEiw.kZ
gSA bldk xk;u le; fnu dk pkSFkk izgj ekU; gSA bl jkx esa _`’kHk] xa/kkj ,oa /kSor Lojksa
dk iz;ksx cMh+ dq”kyrk ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd bu Lojksa ds iz;ksx esa vlko/kkuh gksus
ds dkj.k bl jkx esa Jksrkvksa dks dHkh&dHkh rksMh+ jkx dk vkHkkl gksuk lEHko gSA eqYrkuh esa
e/;e rFkk xa/kkj Lojksa dh laxfr o iqujko`fŸk gksrh gSA bl jkx dks îjesy izos”kd* jkx ekurs
gSa D;ksafd ;g rksMh+ FkkV ls iwohZ FkkV ds jkxksa esa izos”k djkrk gSA rksMh+ ds xa/kkj dks dksey ds
LFkku ij “kq) djsa rks iwohZ FkkV gks tk,xkA eqYrkuh xkus esa lk] i] fu ;g U;kl ds LFkku ekus
tkrs gSa rFkk fHkUUk&fHkUu izdkj dh rkusa bu Lojksa ij lEkkIr dh tkrh gSaA dqN laLd`r xzUFkksa esa
eqYrkuh jkx esa xa/kkj rhoz crk;k x;k gS fdUrq izpfyr fgUnqLrkuh laxhr&i)fr esa dksey
xa/kkj gh ekuk tkrk gSA jkx eqYrkuh ,oa rksMh+ lehi ds jkx gSaA eqYrkuh ds vojksg esa

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_`’kHk&/kSor dh ek=k vf/kd gksus ls rksMh+ dh Nk;k vkus yxrh gS] blfy, dqN fo}ku tSls
fcgkx ds vojksg esa _`’kHk vkSj /kSor de j[krs gSa] mlh izdkj eqYrkuh ds vojksg esa Hkh j[krs
gSaA tgk¡ rksMh+ esa lk js x] iz;ksx djrs gSa rks eqYrkuh esa fu+ lk x vFkok fu+ lk×Þ x Loj dk
iz;ksx djrs gSaA blls jkx dk Lo:i Li’V gks tkrk gSA
vkjksg & fu+ lk] x ×Þ i] fu lkaA
vojksg & lka fu /k i] ×Þ x] js lkA
idM+ & fu+ lk] ×Þ x] i x] js lkA
U;kl ds Loj & lk] i] fuA
leizd`fr jkx & rksMh+

1- fu+ lk] x js lk] fu+ lk] fu+ /k++ i+] ×Þ i] fu+] i+ fu+ lk] fu+ lk] x js lkA
2- fu+ lk] ×Þ x] ×Þ x js lk] x ×Þ i] x] ×Þ x js lk] i+ fu+ lkA
3- fu+ lk js lk] x js lk] ×Þ x js lk] fu+ lk x ×Þ i] x] ×Þ x js lkA
4- fu+ lk] ×Þ x i] ×Þ i /k i] ×Þ x] i x] js lk] fu+] lk x js lkA
5- x ×Þ i fu /k i] ×Þ i x] x ×Þ i fu] /k i ×Þ i x] i x] i] x js lkA
6- fu+ lk x ×Þ i] x ×Þ i] fu] lka] i fu lka] xa jsa lka] fu lka ×Þa xa] jsa lkaA
7- fu lka jsa] fu /k i] ×Þ i /k i] x] ×Þ x i x] ×Þ x js lk] i+ fu+ lk] x js lkAA

1- fu+ lk x ×Þ] i] x] js lkA
2- fu+ lk ×Þ x] i] x js lkA
3- ×Þ i /k i] x] x ×Þ i] fu /k iA
4- fu lka jsa lka] fu /k i] x ×Þ i fu] lka] xa js lkaA
5- x ×Þ i] x js lk] i+ fu+ lk ×Þ x js lkA
1-7 jkx rksM+h
1-7-1 ifjp; %&

Rkh[ks efu dksey fjx/k oknh /kSor lktA
Lkaoknh xa/kkj gS] VksM+h jkx fcjktAA pafnzdklkj
;g jkx rksM+h FkkV ls mRiUu ekuk tkrk gSA vr% ;g rksM+h FkkV dk vkJ; jkx gSA
rFkk blds FkkV dk ukedj.k blh jkx ds vk/kkj ij gqvkA bl jkx dk oknh Loj /kSor rFkk
lEoknh Loj xU/kkj gSA bl jkx esa _’kHk ¼js½] xU/kkj ¼x½ rFkk /kSor ¼/k½ Loj dksey yxrs gSa]
e/;e rhoz iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA vkjksg&vojksg esa lkrksa Loj iz;qDr gksrs gSa] vr% bl jkx dh
tkfr lEiw.kZ&lEiw.kZ gSA iape dk iz;ksx vYi djrs gSaA vkjksg esa vf/kdrj iape dks ya?ku ;k
oftZr dj nsrs gSa rFkk vojksg esa Hkh iape vYi iz;ksx gksrk gSA vkjksg&vojksg nksuksa esa iape
oftZr djus ls xqtjh rksM+h jkx gks tkrk gSA iwokZax esa xU/kkj vkSj mRrjkax esa /kSor ij U;kl
djrs gSaA bl jkx dks xkus dk le; fnu dk nwljk izgj gSA rksM+h mRrjkax oknh gS rFkk fnu
ds mRrj vax esa vFkkZr 12 cts ds iwoZ xk, tkus ij Hkh blesa eUnz lIrd mruk gh izeq[k gS
ftruk fd rkj rFkk e/; lIrdA bl jkx dks fe;ka rkulsu }kjk cuk;k x;k ,slk ekuk tkrk
gS] blfy, bls fe;ka dh rksM+h Hkh dgrs gSaA ;g xEHkhj izd`fr dk jkx gS] blesa foyfEcr o nzrq
[;ky nksuksa “kksHkk nsrs gSaA ehaM] xed vkSj d.k rhuksa bl jkx esa mi;qDr cSBrs gSaA
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vkjksg & lk js x] ×Þ Ik] /k] fu lka
vojksg & lka fu /k] Ik] ×Þ x] js lk
idM+ & /k+ fu+ lk js x] js x ×Þ x js x js lk
U;kl ds Loj & x] /k
lEizd`fr jkx & xqtjh rksM+h
Loj foLrkj %&

1- lk js x] js x js lk] ¼lk½ fu+ /k+ Ik ×Þ /k+ fu+ lk&&& /k+ /k+ x && js x js lk]
2- lk js x ×Þ x js x ×Þ x js x js & lk lk fu+ /k & & fu && lk x js lk
3- ×Þ && i lk js x & js x ×Þ & x ×Þ i& Ik ×Þ x js x & js x js lk
4- lk js x ×Þ Ik & ×Þ /k fu /k & Ik i ×Þ /k ×Þ x xa jsa lka] ¼lka½ fu /k fu /k Ik & Ik ×Þ
/k & ×Þ x js x ×Þ x js x js lk &
5- ×Þ /k lka] fu /k ×Þ /k lka] /k fu lka jsa xa] jsa xa jsa lka ¼lka½ fu /k /k xa ×Þ xa jsa xa jsa lka] ¼lka½
fu /k fu /k Ik ×Þ /k & ×Þ x js x] js x js lk

1- js x & js x js lk ¼lk½ fu+ /k
2- lk js x ×Þ /k & & Ik ×Þ x
3- lka fu /k Ik ×Þ /k ×Þ x js x js lk
4- jsa x jsa lka ¼lka½ fu /k & & /k xa js x js lk

tSlk fd jkx rksM+h esa igys crk;k x;k gS fd bl jkx esa js] x] /k Loj dksey rFkk
rhoz e/;e iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk vkjksg esa iape dk ya?ku fd;k tkrk gS ;k dHkh&dHkh
oT;Z Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA vojksg esa Hkh iape dk vYi iz;ksx gksrk gSA bl jkx ds eq[; Loj
lewg bl izdkj gSa] ftudh lgk;rk ls vki jkx igpku ldsaxsA
1- lk js x] js x] js & & lk
2- ¼lk½ fu+ /k+ Ik+ & & /k+ x js x js lk
3- ×Þ /k Ik & ×Þ /k ×Þ x
4- Lkka fu /k] ×Þ /k Ik & &
1-8 jkx njckjh
1-8-1 ifjp; %&
e`nq xe/kfu rh[kks fj[kc vojksgr /k u ykxA

fj&i oknh&laoknh rsa dgr dkUkM+k jkxAA pfUnzdklkj
e`nw xuh /kekS fjLrq rhozksa·” k % ilgk;d%A

xka/kkjkanksyua ;= d.kkZV% l fuf ” k Le`r%AA pfUnzdk;ke
bl jkx dh mRifŸk vklkojh FkkV ls ekuh xbZ gSA bl jkx dk oknh Loj _`’kHk rFkk
lEoknh iape gSA bl jkx ds vkjksg esa lkrksa Loj ,oa vojksg esa N^ Lojksa dk iz;ksx gksus ds
dkj.k bldh tkfr lEiw.kZ&’kkM+o gSA ;g xEHkhj izd`fr dk jkx gSA bldk xk;u le; e/;

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jkf= gSA bl jkx dk eq[; pyu eUnz lIrd rFkk e/; lIrd esa fd;k tkrk gSA bl jkx ds
vkjksg esa xa/kkj Loj nqcZy gSA rkuksa ds tYn o ljy :i esa rks dHkh&dHkh bldks fcYdqy NksM+
nsrs gSaA xa/kkj Loj esa vkUnksyu bl jkx esa vR;f/kd fofp=rk iSnk djrk gSA vojksg esa /kSor
dks oT;Z djrs gSaA bl jkx dks fe;k¡ rkulsu us izpfyr djds vdcj ckn”kkg dks izLkUu fd;k
Fkk ,slk dgk tkrk gSA blesa fu’kkn vkSj iape dh laxfr cgqr lqUnj yxrh gSA ;g vR;f/kd
e/kqj jkx gSA bl jkx esa x] /k] fu Loj dksey rFkk “ks’k Loj “kq) yxrs gSaA bl jkx ds leku
vMk+uk jkx gSA nksuksa jkx vklkojh FkkV ls gSa fdUrq vMk+uk esa nksuksa fu’kkn iz;qDr gksrs
gSa&vkjksg esa “kq) rFkk vojksg esa dksey fu’kknA vojksg ds Loj nksuksa ds ,d leku gSa ijUrq
vMk+uk mŸkjkax iz/kku jkx gS rFkk bldk dksey xa/kkj p<k+ gqvk gSA tcfd njckjh dkUgMk dk
xa/kkj Jqfr;ksa esa mrjk gS rFkk /kSor esa vkUnksfyr gksrk gSA
vkjksg & fu+ lk] js x js lk] e i] /k] fu lkaA
vojksg & lka] /k] fu] i] e i] x] e js] lkAA
idM+ & x] js js] lk] /k]+ fu+ lk] js lkA
U;kl ds Loj & x] /k] fuA
leizd`fr jkx & vMk+ukA

1- lk] fu+ lk] js lk] fu+ lk js] /k+ fu+ i+] e+ i+ /k+ ] fu+ lk] fu+ js] lkA
2- lk] js js lk] fu+ lk js /k]+ fu+ i+] e+ i+ /k]+ fu+ + lk] /k+ fu+ lkA
3- fu+ lk js] lk js] lk /k]+ js lk] lk js x] e js lk] /k+ fu+ js lkA
4- e i] x] e js lk] e i /k] fu i] fu e i] x] e js lk /k+ fu+ lkA
5- lk fu+ /k+ fu+ lk js x] e js lk] e i /k] fu i] fu fu i e i] x] e js lk /k+] fu+ i+] e+ i+
/k+ fu+ lkA
6- e i /k fu lka] /k fu jsa lka] jsa jsa lka] fu lka jsa /k] fu i] e i] x] e js lk] /k+ fu+ lk js lkA
7- lka jsa xa] ea jsa lka] fu lka jsa /k] fu i] lka /k] fu i] e i] x e js lk] /k+ fu+ lk] js x] e js
lkA

1- lk] /k+ fu+ lk js] x] e js lkA
2- e] jslk /k+ ] fu+ ] i+] e + i+ /k+ fu+ lkA
3- e i /k] fu i] fu e i x] e js lkA
4- /k+ fu+ lk js] x] e js lk] e i /k] fu iA
5- lka /k] fu i] e i] x e js lkA
6- fu lk jsa] lka jsa xa] ea jsa lka] /k fu lkaA
7- jsa jsa lka] fu lka jsa /k] fu i] e i /k fu jsa lkaA
1-9 jkx clUr
1-9-1 ifjp; %&

nks e/;e dksey fj[kc] p<r u iape dhUgA
le oknh laokfnrsa] ;g clUr dg nhUgAA pfUnzdklkj
;g iwohZ FkkV ls mRiUu jkx ekuk tkrk gSA blesa nksuksa e/;e] _’kHk o /kSor dksey
rFkk vU; Loj “kq) iz;qDr gksrs gSaA vkjksg esa js o Ik Loj oftZr rFkk vojksg dks lEiw.kZ j[kus
ls ;g jkx f[ky tkrk gSA vr% bl jkx dh tkfr vkSMo+ &lEiw.kZ gSA oknh Loj rkj lka rFkk
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lEoknh e/;e gSA blesa e/;e dks yfyr vax ls vFkkZr nksuksa e/;eksa dks lkFk&lkFk ysrs gSa&
lk e & ×Þ e x ×Þ /k lkaA ;g mRrjkax iz/kku jkx gS] vr% bldh c<+r e/; lIrd ds
mRrjkax rFkk rkj lIrd esa gksrh gSA e/; lIrd ls rkj lIrd dks tkrs le; dksey _’kHk
iz;ksx djrs gSa& ×Þ /k jsa lka] fdUrq e/; lIrd ds vkjksg esa _’kHk dk iz;ksx dHkh ugha gksrkA
bls ijt jkx ls cpkus ds fy, vkjksg esa vf/kdrj fu’kkn ya?ku dj tkrs gSaA tSls ×Þ /k lka] ×Þ
/k jsa lkaA bldk xk;u le; jkf= dk vfUre izgj gS] fdUrq clUr _rq esa gj le; xk;k
tkrk gSA vr% bls ekSleh jkx dgrs gSaA
vkjksg & lk x ×Þ /k jsa lka
vojksg & jsa fu /k Ik] ×Þ x] ×Þ x js lk
idM+ & js fu /k Ik] ×Þ x] ×Þ x] js lk
×Þ /k jsa lk] jsa fu /k Ik] ×Þ x ×Þ · x
U;kl ds Loj & x] i] lka
lEizd`fr jkx & ijt] iwohZ] iwfj;k /kukJh
Loj foLrkj %&

1- lk] fu lk x ×Þ & x ×Þ /k ×Þ x ×Þ ·· x ×Þ x js lk
2- ¼fu½ lk e & x ×Þ /k lka] fu /k Ik ¼i½ ×Þ x ×Þ · x ×Þ /k ×Þ x js lk
3- ×Þ /k lka ¼lka½ fu /k ×Þ /k fu jsa fu /k Ik ×Þ /k jsa lka] jsa lka fu /k Ik ×Þ /k ×Þ x ×Þ x js lkA
4- ¼i½ & ×Þ x ×Þ /k lka] fu jsa lka xa js lk] fu jsa fu /k Ik ×Þ /k js lka fu /k i ¼Ik½ ×Þ x
x ×Þ /k] ×Þ & x & ×Þ x js lk]

1- Ik ×Þ x ×Þ ·· x
2- ×Þ /k lka] jsa lka
3- jsa fu /k Ik ×Þ /k ×Þ x ×Þ · x
4- lk e & ×Þ e x] ×Þ /k lka

1- lk x] ×Þ /k Ik & & ×Þ x
2- ×Þ /k lka fu /k Ik
3- jsa fu /k Ik ×Þ x
4- ¼lka½ fu /k Ik ×Þ /k jsa lka
1-10 jkx ijt
1-10-1 ifjp; %&

tgka dksey /kSor fj[kc] rh[k xa/kkj fu[kknA
}S e/;eeafMr ijt] ilk laoknhoknAA pfUnzdklkj
bl jkx dh mRifRr iwohZ FkkB ls ekuh tkrh gSA blesa js] /k dksey rFkk nksuksa e/;e
iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSaA vf/kdrj rhoz e/;e dk iz;ksx vkjksg esa rFkk “kq) e/;e dk vojksg esa
gksrk gSA tSls & ×Þ /k lka fu /k Ik ×Þ x e x ×Þ x js lkA bldk oknh Loj ‘kMt rFkk iape
laoknh gSA bl jkx ds vkjksg esa fj’kHk Loj oftZr gksrk gS rFkk vojksg esa lkrksa Loj iz;qDr gksrs
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gSaA vr% bldh tkfr ‘kkM+o&lEiw.kZ gSA bldh tkfr ‘kkM+o&lEiw.kZ ekuh xbZ gS ysfdu fQj Hkh
dHkh&dHkh lIrd ds vkjksgkRed Lojksa esa _’kHk iz;qDr gksrk gSA fu jsa xa jsa lka fu /k fuA ;g
mRrjkax iz/kku jkx gSA bldk pyu e/; lIrd ds mRrjkax rFkk rkj lIrd esa gksrk gSA
bldh pky piy gS] blfy, yksx blesa foyfEcr [;ky cgqr de xkrs gSaA jkx ijt dks
ijesy izos”kd jkx dgk x;k gS] D;ksafd blds ckn HkSjo FkkV ds jkxksa dk le; izkjEHk gksrk gSA
blesa clUr vkSj dfyaxM+k dk feJ.k gSA clUr iwohZ FkkV dk rFkk dfyaxM+k HkSjo FkkV dk jkx
gSA jkx ijt] iwohZ ls HkSjo FkkV ds jkxksa esa izos”k djkrk gSA bldk xk;u le; jkf= dk
vfUre izgj gSA
vkjksg & fu lk x ×Þ Ik /k i] ×Þ /k fu lka
vojksg & lka fu /k i] ×Þ Ik /k Ik x e x] ×Þ x js lk
idM+ & lka fu /k i] ×Þ Ik /k i] x e x
U;kl ds Loj & x Ik fu vkSj lka
lEizd`fr jkx & dfyaxM+k vkSj clUr
Loj foLrkj %&

1- lk] fu lk x] ×Þ /k fu · /k Ik ×Þ i /k Ik · x e x] ×Þ x js lkA
2- fu lk] x · ×Þ /k fu · lka] lka jsa lka] fu /k fu ×Þ /k fu lka] ¼lka½ fu /k & Ik ×Þ Ik x e x]
×Þ x js lkA
3- ×Þ /k & fu lka] fulkafu fu /k i] Ik ×Þ /k Ik ×Þ Ik x e x] ×Þ x js lk]
4- lka fu /k fu jsa fu /k i ×Þ /k fu lka fu jsa x · js lka] lka fu /k fu & & ×Þ /k
¼lka½ fu /k fu /k & & i] ¼i½ ×Þ x e x] ×Þ x js lkA
1-10-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k ¡ %&

1- /k Ik & x e x ×Þ x js lkA
2- ×Þ /k fu lka & fu /k fuA
3- lka jsa lk jsa] fu lka fu /k fu
4- fu /k i] ×Þ Ik /k i] x e xA

1- fu lk x ×Þ /k uh & & /k IkA
2- ×Þ /k fu lka fu¼lka½ fu] fu /k IkA
3- lka js fu lka fu /k i] x e xA
4- x ×Þ /k fu & & fu /k Ik] x e xA
1-11 jkx “ kadjk
1-11-1 ifjp; %&

FkkV fcykoy i l laokn] vkSMo& ‘kkMo :IkA
e/;e oftZr e/; jkf=] “ kadjk jkx vuwi AA
;g fcykoy FkkV dk jkx ekuk tkrk gSA blesa vkjksg esa e/;e vkSj vojksg esa e/;e o
_’kHk oftZr gSA ;g vkSM+o&‘kkM+o tkfr dk jkx gSA “kadjk ds vkjksg dks ns[kus ls ;g irk
yxk ldrs gSa fd /kSor dk iz;ksx lh/kk u gksdj oØ gksrk gSA bl n`f’V ls vkjksg dh tkfr esa
/kSor dks ugha ekuk tkuk pkfg,A nwljh vksj vxj ge vkjksg esa /kSor dks ugha ekurs gSa rks
dsoy pkj gh Loj cprs gSaA fu;ekuqlkj jkx ds vkjksg ;k vojksg esa de ls de 5 Loj vo”;
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gksus pkfg,A blfy, vkjksg esa /kSor dks ikap dh la[;k iwjh djus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA
vojksg esa xU/kkj ls lk rd vkus esa ehaM dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fj’kHk dks vYi j[kk
tkrk gSA bldk oknh Loj xU/kkj rFkk lEoknh fu’kkn gSA ;g mRrjkax iz/kku jkx gSA vr%
bldk pyu lIrd ds mRrj vax rFkk rkj lIrd esa vf/kd gksrk gSA Ik ls xa/kkj dks vkrs
le; loZizFke js dk d.k ysrs gSA tSls & x Ik jsx jslk x lk bl jkx dk xk;u le; jkf=
dk nwljk izgj gSA blds lehi dk jkx fcgkx gS] fdUrq fcgkx esa e/;e Li’V gksus ds dkj.k
nksuksa jkx ,d nwljs ls vyx gks tkrs gSaA
vkjksg & lk x Ik fu /k lka
vojksg & lka fu i] fu /k lka] fu Ik x Ik x lk
idM+ & lka fu i] fu /k lka] fu i] x Ik x lk
Loj foLrkj %&

1- lk x lk] ¼lk½ fu+ Ik+ fu+ lk] Ik x Ik x lkA
2- x x&i] fu & & Ik x i] fu /k lka ¼lka½ fu i] x Ik x ·· Ik x lk]
3- Ik Ik lka & & lka jsa lka] lk xa lka xa ia xa lka ¼lka½ fu & & i] fu /k
¼lka½ fu & & Ik x Ik x lk
1-11-2 eq[; Loj laxfr;k ¡ %&

1- x Ik jsx lkA
2- x i fu /k ¼lka½ fu & IkA
3- Ik x & & Ik x lkA
1- Ik+ fu+ lk x lk x IkA

2- fu /k lka fu & & iA
3- x Ik fu] fu IkA
4- lka fu & Ik x Ik fu lka fuA
vH;kl iz ” u
d- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %&
1- fe;ka eYgkj dh tkfr------------------------------ gSA
2- ekydkSal jkx dk xk;u le; --------------------------------------- gSA
3- eqYrkuh jkx --------------- FkkV ls mRiUu gSA
4- rksMh+ dk oknh Loj ----------------rFkk laoknh Loj -------------- gSA
5- njckjh jkx ----------------------- FkkV ls mRiUu ekuk x;k gSA
6- clUr jkx ------------------------------- tkfr dk jkx gSA
7- jkx ijt dk oknh Loj ------------- rFkk laoknh Loj -------------- gSA
8- jkx “kadjk dk xk;u le; jkf= dk --------------- izgj gSA
d- y?kq mRrjh; iz ” u %&
1- eqYrkuh jkx dk iw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
2- jkx fe;k¡ eYgkj dk iw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
3- Lojok| esa rU=dkjh 'kSyh ds fo’k; esa le>kb,A

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1-12 lkjka ” k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki Lojok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh ds fo’k; esa
tku pqds gksaxsA vki ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dk iw.kZ ifjp; izkIr dj pqds gSaA jkx esa iz;qDr gksus
okys Loj] jkx dk oknh] lEoknh] jkx ds idM+ Loj ,oa jkx ds eq[; Loj leqnk; ftuds }kjk
jkx dks ,d nwljs ls vyx djds igpkuk tk ldrk gS bu lcdk Kku Hkh vki izkIr dj pqds
gSaA bl bdkbZ esa vkius vaxksa ds vk/kkj ij rFkk jkx ds pyu ds vk/kkj ij leku izdkj ds
jkxksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u Hkh fd;k] ftlls vki ,d jkx ls nwljs jkx dks i`Fkd dj mlds
lS)kfUrd Lo:i dks Hkh le> pqds gksaxs vkSj blds lkFk jkxksa dks fdz;kRed :i esa lQyrk
iwoZd izLrqr dj ldasxsA Loj lewgksa }kjk jkx igpkuuk dk v/;;u Hkh vkius bl bdkbZ esa
fd;k gS ftlls vki Loj lewg dks i<+dj rFkk lqudj jkxksa dks igpku ldsaxsA bl bdkbZ ds
v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa dks iw.kZ :i ls le> ldsaxs ,oa mlds lS)kfUrd
rFkk fØ;kRed i{k dks Li’V :i ls izLrqr dj ldus esa l{ke gksaxsA
1-13 vH;kl iz ” uksa ds m Ÿ kj

d- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %&
1- lEiw.kZ&’kkM+o
2- jkf= dk nwljk izgj
3- rksMh+ FkkV
4- oknh Loj /k rFkk laoknh Loj x
5- vklkojh FkkV
6- vkSMo+ &lEiw.kZ
7- oknh Loj lk rFkk laoknh Loj i
8- jkf= dk nwljk izgj

1- Hkkr[k.Ms] ia0 fo’.kqukjk;.k] Øfed iqLrd ekfydk Hkkx 1&6] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
2- clar] laxhr fo”kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
3- >k] ia0 jkekJ; ‘jkej¡x*] vfHkuo xhrkatyhA
4- JhokLro] lrh'k pUæ] flrkj oknu Hkkx&1A
5- HkVukxj] jtuh] flrkj oknu dh “kSfy;ka] dfu’d ifCy”klZ] fnYyhA
6- 'kekZ] MkW0 Lora=] ik'pkR; Lojfyfi i)fi ,oa Hkkjrh; laxhrA
1-15 fucU/kkRed iz ” u
1- ikB~;Øe ds fdUgha pkj jkxksa dk iw.kZ ifjp; izLrqr dhft,A
2- Lojok| esa rU=dkjh o xk;u 'kSyh ds fo’k; esa fyf[k,A

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bdkbZ 2 & laxhrKksa¼m0 foyk;r [kk¡] m0 bfy;kl [kk¡] ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k] “kju jkuh o m0
vetn vyh [kk¡½ dk thou ifjp;A
2-1 izLrkouk
2-2 mn~ns”;
2-3 laxhrKksa dk thou ifjp;
2-3-1 m0 foyk;r [kk¡
2-3-2 m0 bfy;kl [kk¡
2-3-3 ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k
2-3-4 “kju jkuh
2-3-5 m0 vetn vyh [kk¡
2-4 lkjka”k
2-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds f}rh; [k.M dh nwljh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa esa vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds gSaA
izLrqr bdkbZ esa vkidks m0 foyk;r [kk¡] m0 bfy;kl [kk¡] ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k] “kju
jkuh o m0 vetn vyh [kk¡ th dk thou ifjp; rFkk lkaxhfrd ;ksxnku ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k
gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr vki bu izfrf’Br laxhrKksa ds O;fDrRo rFkk laxhr ds
izpkj&izlkj esa buds ;ksxnku ds ckjs esa tku ldsaxsA
2-2 mn~ns”;
izLrqr bdkbZ ds v/;;u ls vki tku ldsaxs fd %&
• mDr laxhrKksa us fdUk&fdu xq:tuksa ls f”k{kk xzg.k dhA
• bu laxhrKksa us fdu ?kjkuksa dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;kA
• bu laxhrKksa dks dkSu&dkSu ls lEeku o iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
• bu laxhrKksa us fdu&fdu laxhr laLFkkuksa@laxhr fo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dhA
• bUgksaus dkSu lh ubZ jpuk] xzUFk bR;kfn fy[kk gSA

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2-3 thou ifjp;

izLrqr bdkbZ esa vki m0 foyk;r [kk¡] m0 bfy;kl [kk¡] ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k] “kju
jkuh o m0 vetn vyh [kk¡ th ds O;fDrRo rFkk d`frRo ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls tkusaxsA
2-3-1 m0 foyk;r [kk¡ %&
tUe & lqizfl) flrkj oknd foyk;r [kk¡ dk tUe iwohZ caxky ds
xkSjhiqj LVsV esa 28 vxLr lu~ 1928 dks gqvkA
laxhr f”k{kk ,oa dk;Zdze & buds firk dk uke m0 buk;r [kk¡ Fkk] tks
vius ;qx ds lqizfLk) flrkj oknd FksA vkids firkeg m0 benkn [kk¡
flrkj vkSj lqjcgkj oknu ds izFke vkpk;Z FksA vkidh izkjfEHkd f”k{kk
vkids firk m0 buk;r [kk¡ ls “kq: gqbZA vki benkn[kkuh ?kjkuk ls
rkYyqd j[krs gaSA 11 lky dh mez esa gh firk dk lk;k lj ls mB
tkus ds ckn vkius fnYyh vkdj vkius vius ukuk cans gqlsu [kk¡ ls
xk;u rFkk lqjcgkj dh f”k{kk yhA vkius ckn esa vius pkpk oghn [kk¡
ls Hkh f”k{kk xzg.k dhA vkius m0 QS;kt+ [kk¡ ls [;ky xk;u dh f”k{kk xzg.k dhA vki ij m0
vYYkkfn;k [kk¡] m0 eq”rkd gqlSu [kk¡ rFkk m0 vehj [kk¡ tSls fnXxtksa dh xk;dh dk Hkh cgqr
izHkko fn[krk gSA bl rjg vkius flrkj oknd ds lkFk&lkFk xk;dh esa Hkh egkjr izkIr dh tks
muds oknu esa Li’V fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
lu~ 1944 esa cEcbZ ds ,d laxhr lEesyu esa foyk;r [kk¡ us ,slk flrkj&oknu fd;k fd
iwjs ns”k esa vki izfl) gks x,A blds ckn vkidks dbZ laxhr lEesyukaas esa flrkj oknu ds fy,
vkeaf=r fd;k x;k vkSj vki Jksrkvksa ds fiz; flrkj okndksa esa ls ,d cu x,A vkius fo”o ds
dbZ ns”kksa esa vius dk;Zdze izLrqr fd, rFkk Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr dk izpkj&izlkj Hkh fd;kA
vkids flrkj oknu ds dbZ fjdkMZ miyC/k gSaA vkids }kjk dbZ fgUnh fQYeksa tSls ^{kqf/kr ik’kk.k*]
^xq:* vkfn esa laxhr Hkh fn;k x;kA
vkius dqN jkxksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh fd;k tSls&buk;r[kkuh dkuMk] lka> ljkoyh] dykoUrh]
ekaM HkSjoA
fo”ks’krk,a & m0 foyk;r [kk¡ dk flrkj oknu izeq[kr% xk;dh ds [;ky vax ls vf/kd izHkkfor
gSA vki vius oknu esa vkyki] tksM+ vkSj xr oknu eq[;r% xk;dh vax ls ctk;k djrs Fks tks
vkids oknu esa pkj pk¡n yxk nsrkA ,d gh insZ ij dbZ Lojksa dh ehaM [khap dj jl fu’iknu
djuk vkidh izeq[k fo”ks’krkvksa esa ls ,d gS] ftlls Jksrk ea= eqX/k gks tkrsA vkidk xrdkjh ls
iwoZ tksM&vkyki cgqr izHkko”kkyh gksrk FkkA blds i”pkr tc vki [;ky vax dh cafn”k dk
oknu djrs rks yksx dgrs Fks fd vkidk flrkj ctrk ugha cfYd xkrk gSA vkids }kjk ctkbZ
tkus okyh xrsa fofp= ,oa Jo.kh; gksrh FkhA vkidk vkyki] tksM] ehaM+] dàru o xed dk dke
xtc dk FkkA rkuksa esa ljy rku] dwV rku o fQjr rku dk c[kwch iz;ksx lquus dks feyrk gSA
vkids oknu dh vU; fo”ks’krkvksa esa ek/kq;Z] lqjhykiu o pSunkjh izeq[k gSA
iqjLdkj ,oa lEeku & vkidks 1964 esa in~eJh rFkk 1968 esa in~e Hkw’k.k iznku fd;k x;k fdUrq
vkius bUgsa ysus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA 2000 esa vkidks in~e foHkw’k.k feyk vkSj vkius bls Hkh ysus
ls euk dj fn;kA vkius laxhr ukV~d vdkneh vkokMZ Hkh Bqdjk fn;kA vkius tks lEeku
Lohdkj fd, muesa ls ,d Fkk vkfVZLV ,lksfl,”ku vkWQ bafM;k }kjk fn;k x;k *Hkkjr flrkj
lezkV* rFkk nwljk Fkk *vkQrkc&,&flrkj* tks jk’Vªifr Qd:n~nhu vyh vgen us iznku fd;k
FkkA
f”k’; ijEijk & vkids vusd f”k’; gSa ftuesa izeq[k gSa&mLrkn bejr gqlSu [kk¡¼HkkbZ½] mLrkn
“kqtkr gqlSu [kk¡¼iq=½] mLrkn fgnk;r [kk¡¼iq=½] vjfoan ikjh[k] dY;k.kh jkW;] dk”khukFk eq[kthZ]
csatkfeu xksEl] Jherh fcUnw >osjh] dSyk”k lwn] gjfoUnj “kekZ] fojsUnz dqekj] ia0 fxfjjkt vkfnA
e`R;q & m0 foyk;r [kka dk nsgkUr 13 ekpZ 2004 dks gqvkA

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2-3-2 m0 bfy;kl [kka %&
tUe & mLrkn bfy;kl gqlSu [kk¡ lkgc dk tUe lu~ 1924 dks y[kuÅ ds
,d laxhr ifjokj esa gqvkA
laxhr f”k{kk ,oa dk;Zdze & vkids firk dk uke mLrkn bLekby [kk¡ gSA
vkius ;wlqQ vyh [kk¡] mLrkn l[kkor gqlSu [kk¡ rFkk mLrkn vCnqyxuh
[kk¡¼flrkj½ ls f”k{kk izkIr dhA vki mLrkn buk;r [kka ds flrkj ls dkQh
izHkkfor FksA vkius dbZ txg viuk flrkj oknu izLrqr fd;kA
fo”ks’krk,a & vki lsfu;k ?kjkus ls rkYyqd j[krs FksA vkius lsfu;k ?kjkus dh cafn”kksa dks lk/kk
FkkA vkius lsfu;k ?kjkuk] bldh cafn”kksa rFkk bldh oknu “kSyh dks vius Lrj ls izpkfjr o
izlkfjr Hkh fd;kA vkids oknu esa /kzqin vax dh Li’V >yd ns[kus dks feyrh gSA blds
lkFk&lkFk vkidh oknu “kSyh esa chu] jckc o lqjflaxkj ok|ksa dh “kSyh Hkh lkQ fn[krh gSA ,d
le; tc mLrkn foyk;r [kk¡ o ia0 jfo”kadj viuh ,d O;fDrxr “kSyh cukus ds fy, iz;ksx
dj jgs Fks rc rd mLrkn bfy;kl [kka viuh “kSyh cuk pqds FksA vkidh rkuas nzrq xfr dh gksrh
FkhA vki yxkrkj jkx ds Lojksa dks NsMrs jgrs Fks rkfd jkx dk Lo:i ges”kk lkeus fn[krk jgsA
e/kqjrk cuk, j[krs gq, vkius flrkj dks xfr iznku djus esa Hkh ;ksxnku fn;kA
e`R;q & mLrkn lkgc 2 ekpZ lu~ 1989 dks lnk ds fy, czã funzk esa yhu gks x,A
2-3-3 ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k %&
tUe & ia0 gfj izlkn PkkSjfl;k dk tUe 1 tqykbZ lu~ 1939 dks gqvkA
laxhr f”k{kk ,oa dk;Zdze & vkius loZizFke ekLVj jktkjke ls f”k{kk ysuk
“kq: fd;k tks ,d lk/kkj.k ckalqjh oknd FksA ckn esa vkius HkksykukFk th ls
ckalqjh oknu dh f”k{kk izkIrA HkksykukFk th ml le; vkdk”kok.kh ds
bYkkgkckn dsUnz ij fu;qDr FksA ;g izfdz;k pkj&ikap o’kksZa rd pyhA ckn esa
vUuiw.kkZ nsoh ds }kjk Hkh vkius laxhr dh ckjhfd;ksa dks lh[kkA ysfdu
vUuiw.kkZ nsoh us ;g dgk Fkk fd os rc lh[kk,axh tc og nk,a gkFk dh
txg ck,a gkFk ls ckalqjh ctk,axsA
vkius lu~ 1955 ls vkdk”kok.kh ls dk;ZØe nsus “kq: dj fn, FksA mlh le;
vkdk”kok.kh ds dVd dsUnz esa ckalqjh dykdkj ds :i esa vkius dk;Z djuk “kq: dj fn;kA
vkius dfBu lk/kuk o ifjJe ds cy ij laxhr dh lk/kuk “kq: dh vkSj blh ds pyrs vki
izfl) gksus yxsA dqN le; i”pkr vki LFkkukUrj.k ds pyrs dVd dsUnz ls eqEcbZ vk x,A
eqEcbZ esa vki “kkL=h; laxhr txr esa ia gfj izLkkn pkSjfl;k ds uke ls izfl) gq,A tc vki
Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr ds ckalqjh oknu esa ,d dykdkj ds :i esa LFkkfir gks x, rc vkius
1964 esa vkdk”kok.kh dk in R;kx fn;kA vkius dqN fQYeksa tSls&pkanuh] Mj] yEgsa] flyflyk]
Qklys] fot;] lkfgcku esa larwj oknd ia0 f”ko dqekj “kekZ ds lkFk feydj ^^f”ko&gfj** ds uke
ls laxhr Hkh fn;kA
fo”ks’krk,a & vkius ckalqjh ok| dks ,dy oknu ds {ks= esa izfl)h fnykbZA vkids vFkd iz;kl ls
Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr esa ckalqjh dks ,d mfpr LFkku fey ik;kA vki xk;dh vax ls ckalqjh
oknu djrs gaSA nzqr xfr esa ra=dkjh vax Hkh vki cgqr [kwclwjrh ls is”k djrs gSaA vkids iz;klksa
ls ckalqjh varjkZ’Vªh; f{kfrt ij viuh txg cukus esa lQy gks ikbZA
iqjLdkj ,oa lEeku & vkidks vusd iqjLdkj ls uoktk x;k ftudh lwph fuEu gS %&
1- 1984 esa laxhr ukV~d vdkneh vokMZA
2- 1992 esa dks.kkdZ lEekuA
3- 1992 esa in~e Hkw’k.kA
4- 1994 esa ;”k Hkkjrh lEekuA
5- 2000 esa in~e foHkw’k.kA
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6- 2000 esa gkfQt vyh [kka vokMZA
7- 2000 esa nhukukFk eaxs”kdj vokMZA
8- 2008 esa ukFkZ mMhlk ;wfuoflZfV ls MkDVjsV dh mikf/kA
9- 2011 esa mRdy ;wfuoflZfV ls MkDVjsV dh mikf/kA
f”k’; ijEijk & vki vius lHkh f”k’;ksa dks [kqys fny ls laxhr dh f”k{kk iznku djrs gSa ftlls
Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr dh ubZ ikSa/k rS;kj gks ldsA
2-3-4 “kju jkuh %&
tUe & vkidk tUe 9 vizSy 1929 dks fnYyh esa gqvkA
laxhr f”k{kk ,oa dk;Zdze & vkids ifjokj esa laxhr dk ekgkSy ugha
FkkA vkius ifjokj ds ncko f[kykQ loZizFke vPNu egkjkt ls dFkd
rFkk xq: uHkk dqekj flUgk th ls ef.kiqjh u`R; lh[kkA 8 o’kZ dh mez
ls vki ljksn ds izfr vkdf’kZr gq,A vkids ekrk&firk dk nsgkolku
vkidh de mez esa gh gks x;kA ml le; ?kjkuk i)fr esa iq:’kksa dk
opZLo dk;e FkkA bu fo’ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn vkids vFkd
iz;kl ls] Hkkjrh; ok| laxhr esa efgykvksa ds fy, volj [kqy x,A
vkius ljksn dh f”k{kk ckck xq: mLrkn vYykmn~nhu [kka lkgc ls
rFkk muds csVs mLrkn vyh vdcj [kka ls izkIr dhA vkius viuk ?kj NksM fn;k rFkk eSgj esa
jgdj gh ckck xq: mLrkn vYykmn~nhu [kka lkgc ls f”k{kk izkIr dhA vkius lu~ 1953 esa
fnYyh fo”ofo|ky; ls ,e0,0 dh ijh{kk ikl dhA
vki de mez ls gh laxhr dk;Zdezksa esa f”kjdr djus yxh FkhA vkius ns”k fons”k esa vius
ljksn oknu ls Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr dh lsok dh rFkk mu yksxksa ds fy, izjs .kk dk L=ksr cuh
tks laxhr ifjokjksa ls ugha vkrs gSaA vkius mLrkn vyh vdcj [kka] ia0 jfo”kadj vkfn egku
laxhrdkjksa ds tSls fons”kksa esa Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr ds izpkj&izlkj esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA
fo”ks’krk,a & vki ,d izfrHkkoku f”k’;k FkhA vkius eka ljLorh dh lPps fny ls lk/kuk dh
ftldk ifj.kke muds ljksn oknu esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA vki ,d dq”ky laxhrdkj Fkh rFkk
vkius dbZ jkxksa o cafn”kksa dk fuekZ.k fd;kA vki ,dek= ,slh okfndk Fkh ftUgksaus ljksn ds lkFk
i[kkot o rcys dh laxr ijEijk dks thfor j[kkA
vkids fujUrj “kks/k ds dkj.k ljksn ij ,d iqLrd *n fMokbZu ljksn* cuhA vkius laxhr
fo’k; ij dbZ ys[k Hkh fy[ks tks fons”kh Hkk’kkvksa esa Hkh vuqokfnr gq,A
iqjLdkj ,oa lEeku & vkidks ml le; ds jk’Vªifr Mk0 jk/kkd`’uu ds }kjk xksYM esMy iznku
fd;k x;kA lkr n”kdksa ls Hkh vf/kd le; rd laxhr esa lfdz; jgus ds dkj.k vkidks *ljksn
jkuh* uke fn;k x;kA 1950 ds ckn vkius ,f”k;k rFkk vU; egk}hiksa esa Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr
dks yksdfiz; cukus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh] ftl dkj.k ml le; ds iz/kkuea=h ia0 tokgj
yky usg: us vkidks *dYpjy ,EcslMj vkWQ bafM;k* ls lacksf/kr fd;kA Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr
dh vki igyh efgyk gSa ftUgsa lu~ 1968 esa in~eJh ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lu~ 1974 esa
vkidks lkfgR; dyk ifj’kn iqjLdkj¼fnYyh jkT;½] lu~ 1986 esa laxhr ukVd vdkneh vokMZ]
lu~ 2000 esa vkidks in~e Hkw’k.k ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lu~ 2004 esa vkidks fcLfEeYykg [kk¡]
ia0 jfo”kadj] ,e0,l0 lqCcky{eh ds lkFk *jk’Vªh; dykdkj* dk f[krkc feykA
f”k’; ijEijk & vkius xq:&f”k’; ijEijk ds vUrxZr dbZ f”k’;ksa dks eqDr gLr ls laxhr dh
f”k{kk iznku dhA mlesa dbZ fons”kh f”k’; Hkh “kkfey FksA ;qokvksa esa Hkkjrh; “kkL=h; laxhr dks
yksdfiz; cukus ds fy, vkius fo”ks’k fu”kqYd dk;Z”kkykvksa dk vk;kstu Hkh fd;kA
e`R;q & 8 vizSy 2008 dks vkidk nsgkolku gks x;kA

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
2-3-5 m0 vetn vyh [kk¡ %&
tUe & mLrkn vetn vyh [kk¡ dk tUe e/; izns”k ds Xokfy;j “kgj
esa 9 vDVwcj 1945 dks ,d laxhr ifjokj esa gqvkA buds firk dk uke
mLrkn gkfQt vyh [kk¡ FkkA
laxhr f”k{kk ,oa dk;Zdze & mLrkn vetn vyh [kk¡ us laxhr dh
izkjfEHkd f”k{kk vius firk ls izkIr dhA mLrkn vetn vyh [kk¡ us
ljksn oknu dh ikjEifjd “kSyh dks vkxs c<k;k vkSj [;ky xk;u dh
“kSyh dks Hkh viuk;k rFkk lkFk gh bl xk;u i)fr dks ,d ubZ fn”kk
iznku dhA
yksd ok| jckc esa la”kks/ku djds gh ljksn cuk;k x;kA nwljs “kCnksa esa dg ldrs gSa fd
yksd ok| jckc dk la”kksf/kr ,oa ifjof)Zr :i gh ljksn gSA e/;dkyhu bZjku esa jckc ,d cgqr
izfl) ok| FkkA e/;dkyhu bZjku ls vQxkfuLrku gksrk gqvk ;g Hkkjr vk;kA Hkkjr esa Hkh bl
Okk| dks laxhr txr us viuk;kA eqxydkyhu le; esa bl ok| ds fp=ksa dk vusd txg ij
vadu feyrk gSA izkphu lkfgfR;d lUnHkksZa vkSj xzUFkksa ls irk pyrk gS fd vkacjs ds egyksa esa
jckc ctk;k tkrk FkkA dgk tkrk gS fd mLrkn vetn vyh [kk¡ ds iwoZtksa us bl izkphu ok|
jckc dks la”kksf/kr ,oa ifjofrZr djds Hkkjrh; laxhr txr esa igpku fnykbZA orZeku le; esa
ljksn dk Lo:i lsfu;k ?kjkus ds Lo0 mLrkn xqyke canxh [kk¡ cax”k dh nsu gSA ;g vetn [kka
ds izfirkeg FksA ljksn oknu esa dbZ ubZ phtsa tqM+rh jgh vkSj ;g ok| fodflr gksrk pyk x;kA
bl ok| dh oknu “kSyh ih<h+ nj ih<h+ firk ls iq= dks fojklr esa feyrh jgh gSA lqizfLk) ljksn
oknd mLrkn vetn vyh [kka lsfu;k cax”k ?kjkus ls gh rkYyqd j[krs gSaA lsfu;k ?kjkuk dks
Xokfy;j ?kjkus ds uke ls Hkh tkurs gSaA
mLrkn vetn vyh [kka ds izeq[k dk;ZØe ,oa xfrfof/k;ka fuEu izdkj ls gSa %&
1- 1982 esa gkaxdkax laxhr lekjksg esa phuh laxhrKksa ds lkFk dk;ZØeA
2- 1986 esa ^^,drk ls “kkfUr* la;qDr jk’Vª ckydks’k dh 40 oha o’kZxkaB ij viuk dk;ZØe izLrqr
fd;kA
3- 1988 esa ljksn lekjksg dk vk;kstu] ftlesa ns”k ds pkyhl ls vf/kd ljksn okndksa us Hkkx
fy;kA
4- 1990 johUnz laxhr dh vYce fudkyhA
5- x.ks”k cSy] iwuk esa viuk laxhr fn;kA
6- 1994 esa osyde fFk;sVj xzqi dh jkedFkk esa laxhr fn;kA
7- 1995 esa ljksn ij fØlel xhr dk dk;ZØe tks vius <ax dk izFke dk;ZØe FkkA ftlls
vkidks [;kfr izkIr gqbZA
mLrkn vetn vyh [kk¡ dbZ lektlsoh laLFkkvksa ls Hkh tqMs gSa ftuesa ls ^^fn bafM;k
dSalj lkslk;Vh] us=ghu lgk;rk dks’k o la;qDr jk’Vª cky dks’k vkfn izeq[k gSaA 1996 esa [kk¡
lkgc us Xokfy;j ds vius iSr`d fuokLk LFkku dks ,d laxzgky; esa cny fn;kA bl laxzgky;
esa vkius vius iSr`d ok|ksa dks ,d= djds iznf”kZr fd;kA lkFk gh lkFk vkius blesa ns”k ds vU;
txgksa ds izfl) laxhrdkjksa ds ok|ksa dks Hkh laxzghr o iznf”kZr fd;kA
iqjLdkj ,oa lEeku &^ mLrkn vetn vyh [kka us fofHkUu ns”kksa esa ljksn oknu fd;k gS vkSj
[;kfr izkIr dh gSA bUgsa vusd lEeku ls Hkh uoktk x;k gS ftudh lwph fuEu gS %&
1- 1960 esa iz;kx lfefr }kjk ljksn lezkV ls uoktk x;kA
2- 1970 esa la;qDr jk’Vª f”k{kk ,oa laLd`fr laxBu dk lEeku fn;k x;kA
3- 1975 esa in~eJh dh mikf/kA
4- 1991 esa in~e Hkw’k.kA
5- 1995 esa ;wusLdks isfjl dk xka/kh eSMyA
6- 1997 esa ;kdZ fo”ofo|ky;] bXyS.M }kjk MkWDVjsV dh mikf/k iznku dh xbZA

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vH;kl iz”u
d- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ %&
1- mLrkn foyk;r [kk¡ ---------------------- ?kjkus ls laEcfU/kr FksA
2- mLrkn bfy;kl [kk¡ ds flrkj oknu esa xk;u ds --------------------- vax dh >yd fn[krh gSA
3- ia0 gfj izlkn pkSjfl;k us ----------------------------ds lkFk feydj ^^f”ko&gfj** ds uke ls laxhr
fn;k gSA
4- “kju jkuh igyh Hkkjrh; efgyk Fkh ftUgsa lu~ ---------------- esa in~eJh feykA
5- mLrkn vetn vyh [kk¡ ds izfirkeg dk uke ---------------------- gSA
[k- y?kq mRrjh; iz”u %&
1- m0 vetn vyh [kk¡ dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft,A
2- ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k ds lkaxhfrd thou ds fo’k; esa fyf[k,A
2-4 lkjka”k
izLrqr bdkbZ esa vkius m0 foyk;r [kk¡] m0 bfy;kl [kk¡] ia0 gfjizlkn pkSjfl;k] “kju
jkuh o m0 vetn vyh [kk¡ th ds thou ls tqMs+ egRowi.kZ igyqvksa dks tku pqds gksaxsA buds
}kjk lkaxhfrd txr dks fn, x, ;ksxnku ds fo’k; esa Hkh vkius tkukA vki tku pqds gksaxs fd
fdruh foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh bUgksaus laxhr ds {ks= esa fuR; ifjJe ds cy ij miyfC/k
gkfly dh rFkk laxhr dh lsok dhA

d- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ %&
1- benkn[kkuh ?kjkuk
2- /kzqin vax
3- ia0 f”ko dqekj “kekZ
4- 1968
5- Lo0 mLrkn xqyke canxh [kk¡ cax”k

1- JhokLro] gjh”k pUnz] gekjs fiz; laxhrKA
2- tSu] Mk0 oh.kk] lsfu;k ?kjkuk vkSj flrkj oknu “kSyh] dfu’d ifCy”klZ] fnYyhA
3- olUr] Lkaxhr fo”kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
4- lkHkkj xwxyA

1- laxhr ekfld if=dk] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
2- xxZ] y{ehukjk;.k] gekjs laxhr jRu] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA

1- m0 foyk;r [kk¡ rFkk “kju jkuh dk thou ifjp; nsrs gq, muds lkaxhfrd ;ksxnku ds fo’k;
esa foLrkj ls fyf[k,A

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bdkbZ 3 & laxhr laca/kh fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku
3-1 izLrkouk
3-2 mn~ns”;
3-3 fucU/k dh O;k[;k
3-4 fucU/k ds vo;o
3-4-1 Hkwfedk
3-4-1-1 laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; dh Hkwfedk
3-4-2 fo’k; oLrq
3-4-2-1 xq:eq[k }kjk laxhr f”k{kk
3-4-2-2 laxhr laLFkkvksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kk
3-4-2-3 fo|ky; ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa laxhr f”k{kk
3-4-3 milagkj & laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij
3-5 lkjka”k
3-7 fucU/kkRed iz'u
3-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds f}rh; [k.M dh rhljh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa esa vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds gSaA vki laxhrKksa
ds thou rFkk laxhr esa muds ;ksxnku ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa fucU/k ys[ku ds fo’k; esa vkidks dqN egRoiw.kZ rF;ksa ls voxr djk;k
tk,xkA fucU/k fy[krs le; fdu&fdu ckrksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gksrh gS ;g Hkh
bl bdkbZ esa of.kZr gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkUr vki fucU/k ys[ku dh fof/k rFkk fucU/k ys[ku ds
vo;oksa ls ifjfpr gksaxsA vki fdlh Hkh fo’k; ij fucU/k fy[kus esa l{ke gks ldsaxsA
3-2 mn~ns';
• fucU/k ys[ku ds vo;oksa dk lgh iz;ksx dj ldsaxsA
• viuh ys[ku “kSyh dk fodkl dj ldsaxsA
• fdlh Hkh fo’k; esa vki O;ofLFkr :i ls fucU/k izLrqr dj ldsaxsA

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3-3 fucU/k dh O;k[;k

fucU/k ds fo’k; esa vkius iwoZ esa dkQh lquk gS rFkk izkFkfed d{kkvksa ls gh fucU/k ys[ku
dk vH;kl djk;k tkrk gSA izR;sd Lrj ij fucU/k dk Lrj Hkh i`Fkd gksrk gSA fucU/k fdlh fo’k;
fo”ks’k dh lexz :i esa O;ofLFkr O;k[;k gSA fucU/k esa fo’k; ls lEcfU/kr leLr igyqvksa ij fopkj
izLrqr fd, tkrs gSaA vr% fucU/k esa fo’k; dh O;k[;k dk Lo:i O;kid gks tkrk gSA fo’k; ls
lEcfU/kr iwoZ dh miyC/k tkudkjh dks fucU/k esa lekfgr dj mldk fo”ys’k.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
ys[kd lekykspuk ds fy, Hkh Lora= jgrk gSA fucU/k ds ek/;e ls ys[kd O;kIr HkzkfUr;ksa dks Hkh
nwj djus dh ps’Vk djrk gSA blh lUnHkZ esa fucU/k vkSj ys[k ds vUrj dks Hkh le>us dh
vko”;drk gSA
ys[k izk;% leL;k dks ysdj vkjEHk fd;k tkrk gS ,oa leL;k dk fujkdj.k gh fdlh ys[k
dk ewy mn~ns”; jgrk gSA fo|ky; Lrj ij vkidks n`”;ksa dk vka[kksa ns[kk o.kZu fucU/k ds :i esa
ys[ku dk vH;kl djok;k x;k gSA ijUrq fo”ofo|ky; Lrj ij fucU/k] fo’k; ls gh lEcfU/kr
jgrk gS vkSj ml fo’k; ds ckjs esa vkidks leLr tkudkjh vkSj ;fn vko”;d gks rks xq.k&nks’k ds
lkFk izLrqr djus dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA ys[k lkekU; fo’k; ij oDrO; :i esa jgrk gSA fucU/k
ys[ku vH;kl ls gh vki ys[k fy[kus ,oa “kks/k i= fy[kus esa Hkh l{ke gksrs gaSA vr% fucU/k ys[ku
ds vH;kl ls vkidh ys[ku {kerk c<+rh gS vkSj vki vius fopkjksa dks dye ds ek/;e ls izLrqr
djus dh rduhd Hkh fodflr dj ikrs gaSA bl bdkbZ esa LukrdksRrj Lrj ds fo’k;ksa ds fucU/k dh
ys[ku fof/k ij ppkZ dh tk,xhA
3-4 fucU/k ds vo;o

fdlh Hkh fo’k; ij fucU/k dks izk;% fuEu Hkkxksa esa ckaVdj fo’k; dh O;k[;k izLrqr djrs
gSaA
1- Hkwfedk 2- fo’k;oLrq 3- milagkj
3-4-1 Hkwfedk & blds vUrxZr fo’k; ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrs gq, O;k[;k ds vUrxZr vkus okys
lUnHkksZa ds ckjs esa crkrs gSaA Hkwfedk ds ek/;e ls fucU/k dk Lo:i irk py tkrk gSA O;k[;k
fdu&fdu fcUnqvksa ij dsfUnzr gksuh gS bldk laf{kIr ifjp; Hkh Hkwfedk ds ek/;e ls fn;k tkrk
gSA Hkwfedk esa fo’k; izos”k izLrqr fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr fo’k; D;k gS ,oa fo’k; ij fucU/k ds ek/;e
ls ge fo’k; ds lUnHkZ esa D;k&D;k ppkZ djsaxsA
mnkgj.k ds :i esa laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ds ek/;e ls vkidks fucU/k dh ys[ku “kSyh ls
ifjfpr djk,axsA
3-4-1-1 Lakxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij Hkwfedk & izkphu dky ls gh laxhr dk lUnHkZ gesa lkeosn ls izkIr
gksrk gS rFkk oSfnd le; esa _pkvksa ds xku dh f”k{kk xq:eq[k ls nsus dh ijEijk Fkh vkSj bl
ijEijk dk fuokZg dkQh le; rd jgkA laxhr dk okLrfod Lo:i fØ;kRed gSA vr% bldh
f”k{kk Hkh fØ;kRed :i esa nsus ls gh laxhr dk Lo:i Li’V gks ikrk gSA ;|fi laxhr ls lEcfU/kr
vo;oksa dh O;k[;k le;≤ ij fofHkUu laxhr euhf"k;ksa ds }kjk nh tkrh jgh gS ijUrq laxhr
dks fØ;kRed Lo:i esa izLrqr djus ds fy, f”k’; dks xq:eq[k ls gh f”k{kk xzg.k djuk gksrh Fkh
ftlds fy, xq:dqy dh O;oLFkk jgrh FkhA orZeku esa laxhr f”k{kk dk Lo:i cny pqdk gS
ftldh ppkZ vkxs dh tk,xhA laxhr dks fo’k; ds :i esa le>k tkus yxk gS ftlls mldh f”k{kk
Hkh mlh ds vuq:i gksus yxh gSA tcfd laxhr dks dyk ds :i esa gh le>us dh vko”;drk gSA
orZeku esa laxhr gsrq f”k{kk ds fofHkUu ek/;eksa dk v/;;u dj muds xq.k nks’k ij bl fucU/k ds
ek/;e ls fopkj fd;k tk,xkA

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Lakxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij fucU/k dh Hkwfedk mnkgj.k Lo:i vkids fy, izLrqr dh xbZ gS
ftlls vki fdlh Hkh fo’k; ij fucU/k gsrq Hkwfedk fy[kus esa l{ke gks ik,axsA
3-4-2 fo’k;oLrq & Hkwfedk ds i”pkr fucU/k ds fo’k; dh fo’k; oLrq izLrqr dh tkrh gS ftlesa
fo’k; ls lEcfU/kr lHkh lUnHkksZa dks izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA fdlh fo’k; ij fo’k;oLrq fdl izdkj
fy[kh tkrh gS bldk Kku laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij mnkgj.k Lo:i izLrqr fo’k;oLrq ls tku ldsaxsA
laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; dh fo’k;oLrq & igys laxhr dh f”k{kk xq:eq[k ls gh izkIr dh tkrh FkhA ijUrq
ckn esa laxhr f”k{kk ds u, Lo:i Hkh LFkkfir gq,A laxhr f”k{kk Lo:i fuEu izdkj gS%&
1- xq:eq[k }kjk laxhr f”k{kkA
2- laxhr laLFkkvksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kkA
3- fo|ky;ksa ,o fo”ofo|ky;ksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kkA
3-4-2-1 xq:eq[k }kjk laxhr f”k{kk & laxhr dh f”k{kk f”k’; }kjk xq: ds ikl jgdj gh izkIr dh
tkrh FkhA bl f”k{kk i)fr esa f”k’; dks vuq”kkflr gksdj f”k{kk izkIr djuh gksrh FkhA xq: }kjk
f”k’; dh yxu] /kS;Z vkfn dks ij[kdj f”k’; dks Lohdkj fd;k tkrk FkkA xq: }kjk f”k’; dks
Lohdkj djus ds i”pkr f”k’;Ro dh vkSipkfjd ?kks’k.kk ^xaMk jLe* vnk;xh ds lkFk gksrh FkhA
blesa xq: vkSj f”k’; ,d nwljs dks */kkxk^ ck¡/kdj izfrc)rk dk ladYi ysrs FksA bl izdkj dh
f”k{kk esa dksbZ fuf”pr ikB~;Øe ugha gksrk Fkk vkSj u gh laxhr f”k{kk dh le;kof/k fuf”pr gksrh
FkhA xq: }kjk f”k’; dh {kerk ds vk/kkj ij gh f”k{kk nh tkrh FkhA ,d gh xq: ds dbZ f”k’; gksrs
FksA ijUrq ;g vko”;d ugha Fkk fd lcdks ,d gh f”k{kk nh tk,A nh gqbZ laxhr f”k{kk dk vH;kl
Hkh xq: ds funsZ”ku esa gh gksrk FkkA laxhr f”k{kk ds vfrfjDr laxhr lquus dk ekxZ funsZ”ku dk
mn~ns”; ;g Fkk fd f”k’; viuk foosd ,oa /kS;Z u [kks cSBsA bl izdkj dh f”k{kk esa /kS;Z dk cgqr
egRo Fkk vkSj yxu ls xq: }kjk fn, x, vH;kl ds fu;eksa ls dfBu vH;kl djus dh
vko”;drk gksrh FkhA xq: tc rd f”k’; dks dk;ZØe izLrqr djus ds vuqdwy ugha le>rk Fkk rc
rd f”k’;ksa dks dk;ZØe izLrqr djus dh vuqefr ugha gksrh FkhA cfYd f”k’; dks dk;ZØe ds ;ksX;
le>us ds i”pkr f”k’; dks laxhrdkjksa ds e/; izLrqr fd;k tkrk Fkk ftlls og lHkh laxhrKksa
dk vk”khokZn izkIr djsaA bl izdkj dh laxhr f”k{kk esa f”k’;] xq: ds lkfu/; esa laxhr ds xw<+
jgL;ksa dks tkurk FkkA laxhr esa ?kjkus LFkkfir gq, ,oa ?kjkuksa dh f”k{kk bl laxhr f”k{kk i)fr esa
gh lEHko FkhA f”k’; vius xq: ds ?kjkus ls lEcfU/kr gks tkrk Fkk vkSj ml ?kjkus dk izfrfuf/kRo
izkIr djus esa viuk xkSjo le>rk FkkA
3-4-2-2 laxhr laLFkkuksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kk & vk/kqfud le; esa laxhr laLFkkuksa dk egRo c<+ x;k
gSA iafMr fo’.kqukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms ,oa fo’.kqfnXcj iyqLdj us laxhr f”k{kk dk izpkj bl izdkj fd;k
ftlls laxhr fØ;kRed :i esa fodflr gksus yxkA xq:eq[k f”k{kk i)fr esa cgqr de yksx gh
f”k{kk izkIr dj ikrs FksA vr% nks laxhr euhf’k;ksa us laxhr ds vf/kd izpkj ,oa izlkj gsrq laxhr
laLFkkuksa dh dYiuk dj iafMr fo’.kq ukjk;.k Hkkr[k.Ms }kjk y[kuÅ esa *eSfjl dkyst vkQ
E;wftd^ ,oa fo’.kqfnxEcj iyqLdj }kjk iwuk esa *xU/koZ eaMy^ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ftlds vUrxZr
ns”k ds dbZ “kgjksa esa *xU/koZ laxhr egkfo|ky;^ ds uke ls laxhr f”k{k.k laLFkku [kksys x,A ;g
laxhr f”k{k.k dh vkSipkfjd O;oLFkk dk vkjEHk FkkA bu laLFkkuksa esa izR;sd o’kZ ds fy, ikB~;Øe
fuf”pr fd, x, rFkk o’kZ ds vUr esa ijh{kk dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh xbZA bu laLFkkuksa esa laxhr ds
xq.khtu] xq: vFkok mLrknksa dks laxhr f”k{kk gsrq vkeaf=r fd;k x;k vkSj buds fy, fdlh izdkj
ds vkSipkfjd izek.k&i=ksa dh ck/;rk ugha j[kh xbZ A

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laxhr ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ijh{kk esa lQy gksus ij vkSipkfjd izek.k&i= nsus dh O;oLFkk Hkh
dh xbZA laxhr dh gj fo/kk vkSj gj vax ds fy, fo”ks’kK j[ks x,A izfrfnu laxhr f”k{kk dk le;
Hkh fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k rFkk vU; laLFkkuksa dh Hkk¡fr bu laLFkkuksa esa Hkh mRlo ,oa R;kSgkjksa ij
vodk”k dk izkfo/kku FkkA tcfd xq:eq[k f”k{kk i)fr eas bl izdkj dh O;oLFkk ugha jgrh Fkh vkSj
f”k’; dks xq: ds ikl jgdj gh lh[kuk gksrk Fkk vkSj xq: }kjk f”k’; dks fdlh le; Hkh f”k{kk ds
fy, cqyk fy;k tkrk Fkk ftlesa f”k’; dks mifLFkr gksuk vko”;d gksrk FkkA laxhr laLFkkuksa dh
f”k{kk esa f”k’; xq: ds lkfu/; esa fuf”pr le; ds fy, gh jgrk gS vkSj izkIr dh xbZ f”k{kk dk
vH;kl Lo;a ?kj ij gh djrk gSA laxhr laLFkkuksa dh f”k{kk i)fr esa xq: dk f”k’; ds Åij
fu;a=.k xq:eq[kh f”k{kk i)fr dh vis{kk de jg ikrk gSA izkjEHk esa bu laLFkkuksa esa laxhr dh f”k{kk
gsrq ik¡p ls N% o’kksZa dk ikB~;Øe fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;kA laLFkkuksa esa ik¡p] N% o’kZ dh f”k{kk izkIr
djus ds mijkUr Hkh ;g ekuk x;k fd blds i”pkr Hkh f”k’; dks xq: ds lkfu/; dh fujUrj
vko”;drk jgrh gSA bu nks laLFkkuksa dh LFkkiuk ds i”pkr iz;kx¼bykgkckn½ esa *iz;kx laxhr
lfefr^ ,oa iatkc ds paMhx<+ {ks= esa izkphu dyk laxhr laLFkku dh LFkkiuk gqbZA bu lHkh
laLFkkuksa us ns”k ds fHkUu&fHkUu “kgjksa esa vius dsUnz LFkkfir fd,A ;|fi bu dsUnzksa ij f”k{kk dk
izpkj gqvk ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izek.k&i= feyus yxsA
xq:eq[kh f”k{kk esa xq: ,oa f”k’; nksuksa dk gh y{; dykdkj cuuk rFkk cukuk gksrk Fkk
ftlds fy, f”k’; }kjk vuq”kkflr vH;kl fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj laxhr gh ,dek= y{; jgrk FkkA
laxhr laLFkkuks esa ,sls Hkh fo|kFkhZ f”k{kk ysrs Fks ftudk y{; dsoy laxhr gh ugha gksrk Fkk cfYd
laxhr dh f”k{kk “kkSfd;k :i esa ysrs FksA vr% laxhr laLFkkuksa esa laxhr ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lewg esa
,d:irk ugha jgrh FkhA xq: }kjk Hkh ,d gh d{kk ds leLr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks yxHkx ,d tSlh gh
f”k{kk nh tkrh Fkh tks fd laLFkkuksa ds f”k{kk O;oLFkk dh vko”;drk ,oa lhek Hkh FkhA vr% laxhr
laLFkkuksa ls f”k’; ml izdkj dh f”k{kk xzg.k ugha dj ikrs Fks ftl izdkj dh f”k{kk xq: f”k’;
ijEijk i)fr esa izkIr gksrh FkhA laxhr laLFkkuksa dk mn~ns”; laxhr f”k{kk ds ek/;e ls laxhr dk
izpkj ,oa izlkj Fkk vkSj ;g lkekU; :i ls laLFkkuksa ds mnsn~”; ds ckjs esa dgk tkrk Fkk fd
laLFkku rkulsu ugha rks dkulsu rks cuk gh nsrs gSaA vFkkZr laxhr dykdkj u Hkh cu ik,a rks ,d
laxhr dk vPNk Jksrk rks cu gh tkrk gSA bu laxhr laLFkkuksa us fofHkUu “kgjksa esa vius ijh{kk
dsUnz [kksys tgk¡ ij laxhr f”k{kk nsus dk Hkh izko/kku fd;k x;k rFkk fo|kFkhZ bu dsUnzkas ls laxhr
lh[kdj izek.k&i= izkIr djus yxsA bu izek.k&i=ksa dks ljdkj ds f”k{kk funs”kky; }kjk ekU;rk
iznku dh xbZA
fo|ky;ksa esa fcuk bu laLFkkuksa ds izek.k&i= ds fu;qfDr;k¡ ugha gksrh gSaA fo|ky; Lrj ij
f”k{kd ds fy, vU; fo’k;ksa esa ch- ,M- vfuok;Z vgZrk gS ijUrq laxhr fo’k; esa f”k{kd gksus ds fy,
ch-,M- ds LFkku ij *laxhr fo”kkjn^ ,oa *laxhr izHkkdj^ gksuk vko”;d gS tks fd bu laLFkkuksa
}kjk fn;k x;k izek.k i= gSA bl O;oLFkk ls bu dsUnzksa ij laxhr ds izek.k i= izkIr djus ds
fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh HkhM+ c<+ xbZA bu laxhr laLFkkuksa esa f”k{kk izkIr djus ds i”pkr dykdkj cuus
ds bPNqd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks xq: f”k’; ijEijk ds vUrxZr gh f”k{kk ysuk vfuok;Z jgrk gS bu laLFkkuksa
}kjk lkekU; laxhr ds ftKklq ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa us laxhr ds izpkj&izlkj esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA
3-4-2-3 fo|ky;ksa ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa }kjk laxhr f”k{kk & Lora=rk izkfIr ds i”pkr fo|ky;ksa ,oa
fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa laxhr fo’k; vU; fo’k;ksa dh Hkk¡fr laxhr fo’k; ikB~;Øe esa “kkfey fd;k x;kA
fo|ky; ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa laxhr fo’k; dk ikB~;Øe rS;kj dj le;&lkfj.kh esa oknu
¼ihfj;M½ f”k{k.k ds fy, fuf”pr fd;k x;kA buesa f”k{k.k ikB~;Øe ds vuqlkj gh fn;k tkrk gS
vkSj v/;kid }kjk lc fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks leku :i ls gh v/;kiu djk;k tkrk gSA Lukrd Lrj rd
,d oknu izk;% 45 feuV dk gksrk gS tks fd laxhr dh O;ogkfjdrk ds vuqdwy ugha gS D;ksafd 45
feuV ds vUnj gh ok|ksa dks Loj esa djuk lEHko ugha gks ikrk gSA vr% ns[kk tk jgk gS fd

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fo”ofo|ky; Lrj ij Hkh laxhr dh ewy vko”;drk ok|ksa dks Loj esa djuk fo|kFkhZ iw.kZ ls ugha
lh[k ikrs gaSA Lukrd Lrj rd fo|ky; ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa fo|kfFkZ;kas dks laxhr fo’k; ds
vfrfjDr vU; fo’k;ksa dk Hkh v/;;u djuk gksrk gSA vr% fo|kFkhZ laxhr ds izfr iw.kZ lefiZr ugha
gks ikrk gSA laxhr dh vko”;drk gksrh gS] ftlesa vf/kd ls vf/kd le; nsus ls gh laxhr dyk
dks le>k tk ldrk gSA
fo|ky;] fo”ofo|ky; esa laxhr fo’k; izkjEHk gksus ls laxhrKksa dks O;olk; rks izkIr gqvk
ijUrq blls laxhr f”k{kk dh xq.kkRedrk ij izHkko iM+kA ;|fi fo|ky;ksa ,oa fo”ofo|ky;ksa esa
laxhr ds fo}ku Hkh fu;qDr gq, ijUrq bu laLFkkuksa dh O;oLFkk esa mrus le; ds fy, laxhr
f”k{kd Hkh lhek esa c¡/k x,A laxhr laLFkkuksa esa xq: ijEijk i)fr esa f”k’; iw.kZ :i ls laxhr ds
okrkoj.k esa jgrk Fkk vkSj laxhr laLFkkuksa esa Hkh ftrus le; ds fy, og laLFkku esa gS mrus le;
rd og laxhr ds okrkoj.k esa jgrk FkkA ijUrq fo|ky; vkSj fo”ofo|ky; esa fo|kFkhZ dsoy laxhr
ds oknu ¼ihfj;M½ esa gh laxhr ds okrkoj.k ls tqM+k jgrk gSA fo|ky;ksa] fo”ofo|ky;ksa ls mikf/k
lkekU; :i esa feyrh gS ftlesa laxhr ,d fo’k; ds :i esa jgrk gS tcfd laxhr laLFkkuksa esa
feyus okyh mikf/k ,oa izek.k i= dsoy laxhr dk gh feyrk gS vkSj xq:&f”k’; ijEijk esa rks dksbZ
vkSipkfjd izek.k&i= ugha gksrk gSA blesa f”k’; Lo;a viuh f”k{kk dk izek.k izLrqr djrk gSA
fo”ofo|ky; ,oa egkfo|ky;ksa esa laxhr fo’k; f”k{kk] LukrdksRrj mikf/k ds fy, nh tkus yxh gS]
ftlesa dsoy laxhr fo’k; dk gh v/;;u fo|kFkhZ dks djuk gksrk gSA
fo”ofo|ky; Lrj ij dsoy LukrdksRrj d{kkvksa esa gh fo|kFkhZ laxhr ds okrkoj.k esa
jgrk gS tks ek= nks o’kZ ds ikB~;Øe esa fuc) gksrk gSA laxhr dh f”k{kk xq.kkRedrk ds lkFk
LukrdksRrj Lrj ij gh gks ikrh gS ftldk Lo:i laxhr laLFkkuksa dh f”k{kk tSlk jgrk gSA
LukrdksRrj d{kkvksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks laxhr ds v/;;u vkSj vH;kl dk le; izkIr gksrk gSA
fo”ofo|ky; Lrj ij Lukrd dh d{kkvksa esa laxhr fo’k; dk fo|kFkhZ lhfer le; tks fd mlds
fy, le; lkfj.kh esa fuf”pr fd;k x;k mlesa gh laxhr f”k{kd ds lEidZ esa jgrk gSA blh
miyC/k le; esa f”k{kd dk mn~ns”; fu/kkZfjr ikB~;Øe iwjk djus dk Hkh gksrk gSA vr% xq: f”k’;
ijEijk i)fr ,oa laxhr laLFkku }kjk f”k{kk i)fr dh rqyuk esa fo”ofo|ky; }kjk nh tkus okyh
laxhr f”k{kk dh xq.koRrk esa deh jgrh gSA LukrdksRrj esa Hkh ;gh fLFkfr jgrh gS ijUrq blesa
fo|kFkhZ rFkk f”k{kd ds ikl laxhr fo’k; ds fy, vf/kd le; jgrk gSA
laxhr ds ftKklq fo|kFkhZ fo”ofo|ky; f”k{kk ds vfrfjDr laxhr laLFkkuksa ,oa xq: dh
lgk;rk Hkh izkIr djrs gSaA laxhr esa f”k{kd cuus gsrq fo”ofo|ky; izek.k&i= dh vko”;drk
gksrh gS vr% fo|kFkhZ laxhr gsrq fo”ofo|ky; esa izos”k ysrk gSA dsoy fo”ofo|ky; dh laxhr
f”k{kk ls fo|kFkhZ dk dykdkj cuuk dfBu gS vkSj u gh fo”ofo|ky; dk ;g mn~s”; gh gSA
fo”ofo|ky; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks laxhr i<+kus dk mn~ns”; gS fd fo’k; ls lEcfU/kr vk;keksa ls
fo|kFkhZ dks ifjfpr djk;k tk lds ftlls og Hkfo’; ds fy, vius fodYi pqu ldsA
fo”ofo|ky; dh mikf/k izek.k&i= dk egRo laxhr dh f”k{kd vgZrk ds :i esa gh gSA
O;olkf;d dykdkj cuus esa bldk dksbZ egRo ugha gSA fo|ky; ,oa fo”ofo|ky; Lrj ij laxhr
f”k{kd gsrq vgZrk,a ,oa fo”ofo|ky; Lrj ij laxhr f”k{kd gsrq vgZrk,a O;ogkfjd ugha gSa ftlls
buesa lnSo ;ksX; laxhr f”k{kd fu;qDr ugha gks ikrs gSaA laxhr fo’k; eq[; :i ls fØ;kRed fo’k;
gS ijUrq uSV dh ijh{kk tks fd fo”ofo|ky; esa laxhr f”k{kd ds fy, ikl djuk vfuok;Z vgZrk
gSA ijUrq bl ijh{kk esa laxhr fo’k; gsrq fo|kFkhZ ds fØ;kRed Kku dks ugha ij[kk tkrk gS tcfd
laxhr fo’k; ds f”k{kd ds fy, fØ;kRed Kku gksuk vko”;d gSA
vHkh rd vkius laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij fucU/k gsrq Hkwfedk ,oa fo’k; oLrq dk v/;;u fd;k
tks fd fucU/k ys[ku ds fy, mnkgj.k Lo:i vkidks crk;k x;kA fdlh fo’k; ds fucU/k ij
milagkj fy[kus ds fo’k; esa laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; fucU/k ij uhps fy[ks x, milagkj ls le>saxsA

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3-4-3 milagkj laxhr f”k{kk fo"k; ij & laxhr f”k{kk xq: f”k’; ijEijk] laxhr laLFkkuks ds ek/;e
ls fo|ky; ,oa fo”ofo|ky; esa ,d fo’k; ds :i esa nh tkrh gSA xq: f”k’; ijEijk esa xq: vkSj
f”k’; ds e/; vVwV lEcU/k cu tkrk gS vkSj f”k’; xq: ds lkfu/; esa jgdj laxhr ds xw<+ jgL;ksa
dks lh[krk gSA blesa xq: ,oa f”k’; nksuksa dk mn~ns”; dykdkj cukuk rFkk cuuk gksrk gSA laxhr
laLFkkuksa esa Hkh dsoy laxhr f”k{kk nh tkrh gS ftlesa fo|kFkhZ lhfer le; ds fy, gh xq: ds
lEidZ esa jgrk gS vkSj fo”ofo|ky; f”k{kk eas Lukrd Lrj ij rks cgqr gh de le; ds fy,
fo|kFkhZ laxhr ds okrkoj.k esa jgrk gSA ijUrq laxhr f”k{kd cuus gsrq laLFkkuksa ,oa fo”ofo|ky; esa
izek.k&i=ksa dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA
laxhr ds ftKklq fo|kfFkZ;kas ds fy, ;g vko”;d gS fd og laLFkkuksa dh f”k{kk vFkok
fo”ofo|ky; dh f”k{kk ds lkFk xq: f”k’; ijEijk i)fr esa Hkh fdlh xq: ls f”k{kk izkIr djs
ftlls mlds ikl laxhr f”k{kd dk O;olk; vFkok O;olkf;d dykdkj cuus dk fodYi jgsxkA
mijksDr dFku ls ;g fu’d’kZ u fudkyk tk, fd fo”ofo|ky; laxhr f”k{kk ls gh vPNk laxhr
f”k{kk cu ldrk gS tcfd laxhr dh lgh f”k{kk izkIr gh vPNk f”k{kd cusxkA orZeku O;oLFkk esa
laxhr f”k{kd gsrq lHkh ek/;eksa dk viuk egRo gS vr% fo|kFkhZ dks vius fuf”pr mn~ns”; ds fy,
budk p;u djus dh vko”;drk gSA
Lakxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij fucU/k ds ek/;e ls vkius fucU/k ys[ku ds fo’k; esa v/;;u fd;kA
dqN vU; laxhr lEcfU/kr fo’k;ksa dh lwph nh tk jgh gSA
vH;kl gsrq fucU/k ds fo’k;
1- fQYeks esa laxhr 2- laxhr esa byDVªksfud midj.kksa dk ;ksxnku
3- yksd laxhr ,oa “kkL=h; laxhr 4- HkfDr ,oa laxhr
5- laxhr ,oa v/;kRe 6- laxhr ,oa lapkj ek/;e ¼jsfM;ks o Vh0oh0½
7- laxhr esa vou| ok|ksa dh Hkwfedk 8- laxhr xks’Bh
tSlk fd vkidks crk;k tk pqdk gS fd izR;sd fo’k; ds fucU/k dk vkjEHk Hkwfedk ls fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj fucU/k dk lekiu milagkj ls fd;k tkrk gSA mijksDr fo’k;ksa dh fo’k;oLrq uhps nh
tk jgh gS ftlds vk/kkj ij vki bu fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k fy[k ldsaxsA
1- fQYeksa esa laxhr
fo’k;oLrq
fQYe esa laxhr dk iz;ksx
ik”oZ xk;u
fQYe esa ok|ksa dk iz;ksx
xk;u ds lkFk ok|ksa dk iz;ksx
ik”oZ laxhr esa ok|ksa dk iz;ksx
fQYeksa esa laxhr dk LFkku ,oa mi;ksfxrk
2- laxhr esa byDVªksfud midj.kksa dk ;ksxnku

fo’k;oLrq
laxhr esa iz;ksx gksus okys byDVªksfud midj.k
¼v½ & byDVªksfud rkuiqjk
¼c½ & byDVªksfud rcyk
¼l½ & byDVªksfud ygjk e”khu
laxhr ds laj{k.k ,oa f”k{kk esa lgk;d byDVªksfud midj.k
1- xzkeksQksu 2- VsifjdkMZj

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3- yksd laxhr ,oa “kkL=h; laxhr
fo’k;oLrq
yksd laxhr dh i`’BHkwfe
“kkL=h; laxhr dk ifjp;
yksd laxhr ,oa “kkL=h; laxhr dk lEcU/k
4- HkfDr ,oa laxhr

fo’k;oLrq
HkfDr dh O;k[;k
fofHkUu /keksZa esa HkfDr gsrq laxhr dk iz;ksx
1- fgUnw 2- eqfLye 3- fl[k 4- blkbZ
5- laxhr ,oa vk/;kRe

fo’k;oLrq
laxhr dh mRifŸk
oSfnd dkyhu laxhr
vk/;kRe esa laxhr dk egRo
6- laxhr ,oa lapkj ek/;e

fo’k;oLrq
jsfM;ks esa laxhr
Vsyhfotu esa laxhr
jsfM;ks rFkk Vsyhfotu dk laxhr ds izpkj&izlkj esa Hkwfedk
7- laxhr esa vou| ok| dh Hkwfedk

fo’k;oLrq
laxhr dk ifjp;
laxhr ds rRo
laxhr ds vou| ok|
laxhr esa vou| ok|ksa dk iz;ksx
8- laxhr xks’Bh
fo’k;oLrq
laxhr xks’Bh dk ifjp;
laxhr xks’Bh esa dykdkj dh Hkwfedk
fofHkUu izdkj dh laxhr xks’Bh
laxhr xks’Bh ds Jksrk
mijksDr dqN fo’k; vkids fucU/k ys[ku ds vH;kl ds fy, fn, x, gSaA bu lHkh fo’k;ksa
ij vki fucU/k fy[kus dk vH;kl Åij v/;;u djkbZ fof/k ds vuqlkj djsaxsA lHkh fo’k;ksa ij
fucU/k ds vo;o dk Øe Hkwfedk] fo’k;oLrq ,oa milagkj jgsxkA milagkj ,oa Hkwfedk ds izHkko”kkyh
gksus ls vkidk fucU/k mPpLrj dk gksrk gS ;|fi fo’k; oLrq Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA milagkj esa fo’k;
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
oLrq esa dh xbZ ppkZvksa vFkok fooj.kksa ls izdV rF;ksa dks ifj.kke Lo:i esa izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
vki dks bu lcdk Kku laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij mnkgj.k Lo:i fucU/k ds ek/;e ls fn;k x;k gSA
vr% mlh vk/kkj ij vki mijksDr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku dk vH;kl djsaA
3-5 lkjka”k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki fucU/k ys[ku dh 'kSyh ls ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
laxhr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku dh “kSyh ,oa fo|k ls vkidks bl bdkbZ ds ek/;e ls ifjfpr
djk;k x;kA fucU/k ys[ku ls vki vius fopkjksa dks ys[ku ds ek/;e ls izdV djus dh rduhd
fodflr djrs gSa tks ckn esa vkidks “kks/ki=] ys[k ,oa “kks/k dk;Z esa lgk;d fl) gksxhA mnkgj.k
Lo:i fn, x, laxhr f”k{kk fo’k; ij fucU/k ls vki laxhr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k ys[ku ds fo’k; tku
x, gaS ,oa laxhr fo’k; ij fy[kus esa l{ke gksaxsA laxhr ds xgu v/;;u ,oa laxhr ds lUnHkksZa ds
v/;;u ls vki laxhr fo’k;ksa ij fucU/k fy[kus esa l{ke gks x, gksaxsA

1- olUr] laxhr fo”kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
2- xxZ] Jh y{ehukjk;.k] fucU/k laxhr] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
3-7 fucU/kkRed iz'u

1- bdkbZ esa fn, x, vH;kl gsrq fucU/k fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij fucU/k fyf[k,A

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdkbZ 1 & ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa eas elhr[kkuh xr¼rksMksa lfgr½ dks fyfic) djuk
1-1 izLrkouk
1-2 mn~ns';
1-3 ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa elhr[kkuh xr o rksM+s
1-3-1 jkx fe;k¡ eYgkj
1-3-2 jkx ekydkSal
1-3-3 jkx eqYrkuh
1-3-4 jkx rksMh+
1-3-5 jkx njckjh
1-3-6 jkx clUr
1-3-7 jkx ijt
1-3-8 jkx “kadjk
1-4 lkjka'k
1-6 fucU/kkRed iz'u
1-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds r`rh; [k.M dh igyh
bdkbZ gSA blls iwoZ dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ls vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa ls ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
vki laxhrKksa ds thou ls Hkh ifjfpr gks pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa elhr[kkuh xr o rksMksa dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl
bdkbZ esa vkidh lqfo/kk ds fy, elhr[kkuh xr dh Lojfyfi;k¡ izLrqr dh xbZ gSaA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki elhr[kkuh xr rFkk rksM+kas dks fyfic) dj ldsaxs
vkSj bUgs i<+dj fdz;kRed :i esa izLrqr dj ldsaxsA
1-2 mn~ns';
1- elhr[kkuh xr dks Lojfyfi ds ek/;e ls i<+ ,oa ctk ldsaxsA
2- Loj dks fyfic) dj ldsaxs rFkk fyfic) Loj dks i<+ ldsaxsA
3- RkksM+ksa ds ek/;e ls jkx dk izLrkj dj ldsaxsA
4- vU; jkxksa esa Hkh rksMs cukus esa l{ke gksaxsA
81 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; r`rh; [k.M+] bdkbZ 1

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
1-3 ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa elhr[kkuh xr o rksM+s
1-3-1 jkx fe;k¡ eYgkj %&

vkyki %&
1- lk] fu+ e+ i+] fu+ /k+ fu lk] js e js lkA
2- e js i] e i x x e js] lk] fu+ /k+ fu+ lkA
3- fu+ lk] e js i] e i] fu e i] x x e js] lkA
4- fu+ i e+ i+] fu+ /k+ fu+ lk] js i e i] x x e js] lkA
5- js js i] e i] fu i e i] fu /k fu i] fu] e i] x x e js] lk] fu+ /k+ fu+ lkA
6- e js i] e i fu /k fu] lka] fu e i] fu /k fu lka
7- fu e i] fu] /k fu lka] jsa jsa lka] fu+ /k+ fu lka] fu i] x x e js] lkA
8- e i] fu /k fu lka] fu /k fu] lka] jsa jsa lka xa xa ea jsa jsa lka] fu /k fu lka] lka fu e i x x e js
lk] fu+ e+ i+ fu+] /k fu lkA
elhr[kkuh x+r & ¼rhurky½

LFkkbZ
xe js lklk fu e+i+
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
fu+ fu+fu+ lk fu+lk js js i ei xe js lk] ee js ii x ejs
nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk] fnj nk fnj nk jk·
fu+ js lk fu+lk js jsjs i ei x js lk
nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
ee js ii fu fu
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
lka lka lka xaea js fulk fu i xe js lk]
× 2 0 3
rksMs & pkSxqu y;

1- fu+/k+fu+lk e+i+fu+/k+ fu+fu+lk& fu+fu+lk& fu+/k+fu+lk fu+/k+fu+lk fu+/k+fu+lk eq[kMk+
2 0
2- fu+/k+/k+fu+lk jslkfu+lk xeejslk fu+/k+fu+lk fuiiei xejslk jsix& ejslk& eq[kMk
2 0
3- xxee jslkfu+lk jsixx ejsfu+lk jsjsii eifui fufuii xejslk
2 0
&fu/kfu lka&&fu /kfulka& &fu/kfu fu+ frgkbZ
3 ×
rksMs & N%xqu y;
4- xxxeee jsjsjslkfu+lk jsjsjsiii fufufuiei
2
fufufu/k/k/k fufufulklklk fufufuiii xxxejslk
0
fu&/kfu&lk fu&&fu&/k fu&lkfu&& fu&/kfu·lk fu+ frgkbZ
3 ×
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
rksMs & vBxqu y;

5- fu/k++ fu+lkjslkfu+lk jsieixejslk eifu/kfuiei fu/kfulkajal s kafulka
×
xaeaxaeajsalkafulka jsajsalkajsafulkafui lkalkafu/kfulkajsalka fufulkajsafulkafui
2
fufueixejslk eifu/kfulkafui eixejslkfu+lk fu&&&eifu/k
0
fulkafuieixe jslkfu+lkfu&&& eifu/kfulkafui eixejslkfu+lk fu+
3 ×
6- fufu/k++ fufu + /k++ fu+lk jsjslkjsjslkfu+lk eejseejslkjs fufuifufuiei
×
jsajsalkajsajsalkafulka eaeajseaeajsalkajsa fufuifufuiei eejseejslkjs
2
eifu/kfulkajsalka fulkajsaifulkaei xejslkjslkfu+lk fu+lkjsfu/k++ fu+lk&
0
iieixejslk fu&&&iiei xejslkfu&&& iieixejslk fu+
3 ×
7- fu+lkjsfu+lkjsfu+lk ejsiejsiei fueifueifu/k fulkajsafulkajasfulka
×
eaeaeajl sa kafufulka jsajsajsalkafu/kfulka fufufulkajsalkafulka fufufu/kfuiei
2
eeeixejslk eeeifu/kfulka fuiexejsfu+lk fu&&&eeei
0
fu/kfulkafuiex ejsfu+lkfu&&& + eeeifu/kfulka fuiexejsfu+lk fu+
3 ×
8- js&jsejsiei e&ejsiiei fu+&fu+/kfuiei lka&lkafu/k/kfulka
×
jsa&jsalkajsalkafulka ea&eajsalkalkafulka fu&fu + /kfulka
+ jsalka i&iexejslk
2
fu&fu
+ /k++ fu+lkjsa fu&js
+ lkfujs+ lk fu&&&&&& fu&fu
+ /k++ jslkfu+lk
0
fu&js
+ lkfu+&jslk fu&&&&&& fu&fu
+ /k++ jslkfu+lk fu&js
+ lkfu&js + lk fu+
3 ×
1-3-2 jkx ekydkSal %&

vkyki %&
1- /k+ fu+ lk] fu+ x lk] lk x fu+ lkA
2- /k+ e+ /k+ fu+ lk x e x lkA
3- /k+ fu+ lk x e] /k x e eA
4- x e lk x fu+ lk x eA
5- x e fu /k x e] /k x e x lkA

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
6- x fu++ lk x /k+ fu+ lk e x lkA

7- x e /k fu lka] /k fu lka eaA
8- xa lka] fu lka xa ea xa lka] fu lka xa /k] e e /k fu lkaA
9- fu /k e] x e /k x e x lk x e x lk] /k+ fu+ lkA
elhr[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
xe x lklk fu+ lk
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
e e e x e /kfu /k e x x lk ee x lklk fu+ /k+
nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk·
e+ /k+ fu+ lk e /kfu /k e x x lk
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
ee x ee /k fu
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
lka lka lka xaea xa lklk fu /k e xe xlk xe x lk fu+ lk
× 2 0 3
rksMs & pkSxqu y;

1- e·ee xexlk fufu
+ lk·
+ /k+fulk·
+ xe/k/k xex· fuxlk·
+ eq[kMk
2 0
2- /k/ke/k eexe lkxe/k xexlk fulkxlk
+ lkxex e&ee eq[kMk
2 0
rksMs & N%xqu y;

3- xxxee xxxlklklk fu+lkxlkfu+l /k+fu+lkfu+lkx xxe&&& xxe&&& xxxe&& eq[kMk
2 0
4- xxeex/k ee/k/kefu /kfu+lkfu+lkfu lkfu/kfu/ke
2
/kexlkfu+lk fu+lkxlkxe fu+lkxlkxe fu+lkxelkxe frgkbZ½eq[kMk+
0
5- RkksMs & vBxqu y;
xxeexexlk /k/ke/kexelk /kfufu/kfufue/k lkfu/kexexlk
2
xeexeexe xeexeexe xeexeexe eq[kMk+
0

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
1-3-3 jkx eqyrkuh %&

vkyki %&
1- lk] fu+ lk x] js lk] eÞ x] js lk] lk fu+ /k+ i+] fu+ lkA
2- lk fu+] i+ fu+ lk] x eÞ x js lk] x eÞ i] eÞ i x] eÞ i] x js lkA
3- fu+ lk] eÞ x eÞ i] /k eÞ i] x eÞ i /k eÞ i] fu /k i] eÞ i /k] eÞ i] x eÞ x js lkA
4- x eÞ x i] eÞ i] fu /k i] /k i eÞ i] x eÞ i] eÞ x] js lkA
5- i eÞ x] eÞ i] fu /k i] fu lka] xa jsa lka fu lka] i fu lka xa] jsa lka] fu /k i] eÞ x js lkA
elhr[kkuh x+r
LFkkbZ
ii eÞ xjs lk xeÞ
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
i i i xeÞ i fu/k i eÞeÞ x js lk] xjs lk fu/k+ i+ fufu
lk lk lk xeÞ i fu/k i eÞeÞ x js Lkk]
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
eÞeÞ x eÞeÞ i fufu
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
lka lka lka fulka fu /k/k i eÞeÞ x js lk]
× 2 0 3
rksMs & pkSxqu y;

1 fu+lkfu+/k+ i&fulk xeÞieÞ x&jslk xeÞi& fu/ki& xeÞx& js&lk&
× 2
x&js& lk&x& js&lk& eq[kMk
0
2 fu+lkx& jslkxeÞ i&eÞi /kieÞ& xeÞifu &/ki& eÞxjs& lk&eÞx
× 2
&jslk& eÞx&js lk&&& eq[kMk+
0 3
3 fu+lkxeÞ xjslk& xeÞieÞ x&eÞi /kieÞi x&eÞi fu/ki& xeÞieÞ
× 2
x&jslk fu+lkxeÞ i&xeÞ i&fu+lk xeÞi& xeÞi& fu+lkxeÞ i&xeÞ i
0 3 ×
4 xxjslk fu+lkxeÞ iieÞx lkxeÞi fufu/ki eÞifulka xaxajsalka fufu/ki
× 2
eÞxjslk iieÞx jslkxeÞ i&]xeÞ jslkfu+lk xeÞi& xxjslk fu+lkxeÞ i
0 3 ×

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
rksMs & N%xqu y;

5- fu+lkxlkxeÞ ieÞxeÞxx eÞifuifulka xaxja l
sa kajl
sa ka
×
jsajsajl
sa kafu/k lkalkalkafu/ki fufufu/kieÞ /k/k/kieÞx
2
iiieÞxjs lkjslkfu+/k+i+ ifufu/kieÞ eÞ/k/kieÞx
0
lk&fu+lkxeÞ i&&lk&fu+ lkxeÞi&&& lk&fu+lkxeÞ i
3 ×
1-3-4 jkx rksMh %&

vkyki %&
1- lk] js x] js lk] /k+ fu+ lk] js x js lkA
2- lk fu+ /k fu lk] js x eÞ x] js x js lk] /k+ fu+ lkA
3- x js lk js x] eÞ /k] i eÞ x js x] js lkA
4- /k+ fu+ lk js x] eÞ x] eÞ /k i] eÞ x js x] js lkA
5- Lkk js x] js x eÞ /k fu] /k i eÞ x] /k eÞ x js x js lkA
6- x js x eÞ /k] fu /k eÞ x js x] /k i eÞ x js x js lkA
7- eÞ x] eÞ /k] fu lka] /k fu lka] fu lk fu /k i eÞ x js x eÞ x] js x js lkA
8- x eÞ /k] eÞ /k fu lka] jsa xa jsa lk] fu /k fu lka] /k fu lk jsa xa] jsa xa eÞ xa jsa x js lk] fu /k] eÞ /k
i] eÞ x js x] js lkA
elhr[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
xx
fnj
js lkfu+ /k+ lkjs x x x jsx eÞ /k/k i eÞx js xjs lk] xjs
nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk] fnj
3 × 2 0
x eÞeÞ i eÞ /k fu fu /ki eÞ /ki eÞ x js xjs lk
nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk
3 × 2 0
vUrjk
eÞeÞ
fnj
x eeÞ /k fu lka lka lka jsaxa jsa lkafu /k ieÞ x js lk]
3 × 2 0
rksMs & pkSxqu y;

1- lkjsxjs lkafu/k+fu lkjsxjs lkfu/k+fu+ lk&lkfu+ /k+fu+lk& lkfu/k++fu+ l& eq[kMk+
2 0

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
2- xjslkjs xeÞ/ki eÞ/kfu/k ieÞxjs lkfu+/k+fu+ lk&/k+fu+ lk&/kfu+ lk&&& eq[kMk

2 0
3- xxjslk fu+lkjsx eÞeÞxjs lkjsxeÞ /k/kieÞ xeÞ/kfu xaxajsalka fufu/ki
× 2
exjslk eÞeÞxjs lkjsxsj x&]eÞeÞ xjslkjs xjsx& eÞeÞxjs lkjsxjs x
0 3 ×
4- xxjsx xjsxeÞ /k/ki/k /kieÞ/k fufu/kfu fu/keÞ/k xaxajsaxa xajaslkajas
× 2
lkafu/kfu /kieÞx eÞ/kieÞ xxjslk /k+fu+lkjs x&/k+fu+ lkjsx& /k+fu+lkjs x
0 3 ×
5- xxjseÞ eÞx/k/k iefufu /kilkalka fu/kxaxa jsalkafufu /kieÞ/k fulkajal
s ka
× 2
fu/kieÞ xjslkjs &lkjs x&xjs lkjsx& lkjsx& xjslkjs x&lkjs x
0 3 ×
rksMs & N% xqu y;
6- lkjslkjsxjs xexeÞ/ki /ke/kfu/kfu lkafulkajsaxajsa
×
xaxajsalkajsalka jsajl
sa kafulkafu lkalkafu/kfu/k fufu/kfu/kfu
2
eÞxjslkfu+/k+ fu+lkjsxlkjs x&&&&& eÞxjslkfu/k+
0
fu+lkjsxlkjs x&&&&& eÞxjslkfu+/k+ fu+lkjsxlkjs x
3 ×
rksMs & vBxqu y;
7- lfu/k+fu+lkjslk& xjslkfu+lkjsx& eÞxjslkjsxeÞ& /kieÞxeÞ/kfu&
×
lkfu/kieÞ/klka& xajsalkafu/kfulka& fulkajlsa ka/kfulkafu /kfulkafu/kfu/ki
2
eÞ/kfu/kieÞxeÞ xeÞ/kieÞxjsx lkjsxeÞ/kfulkajsa lkafu/kieÞxjslk
0
eÞ/kieÞxjslkjs x&&&eÞ/kieÞ xjslkjsx&&& eÞ/kieÞxjslkfu x
3 ×
1-3-5 jkx njckjh %&

vkyki %&
1- lk] fu+ lk js] /k+ fu+ i] /k+ fu+ lk] lk /k+ fu+ js lkA
2- lk] js js lk] /k+ fu+ lk js] x] e js lk] /k+ fu+ lkA
3- js js lk] fu+ lk] /k+ fu+ lk] js js x] e js] lkA
4- lk js x] e i /k] fu i] e i] fu i x js lkA
5- fu+ lk js x] e i] /k] fu lka] /k] fu i] e i x] e js lkA
6- lk js x] e js] e i /k] fu i e i] /k fu i] e i /k fu lka fu lka jsa] /k fu lka] /k fu i] x x e
js lkA
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
7- fu+ lk js] /k]+ fu+ lk js x] e i] e i /k] fu lka] jsa xa] ea jsa lka jsa jsa] lka] jsa] /k fu i] e i /k fu
lka] /k fu i] x e js lkA
elhr[kk+uh x+r
LFkkbZ
jsjs lk fu+fu+ lk js
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
/k+ fu+ i+ e+i /k+ fu+fu+ lk js xe js lk] xe js lklk fu lk
js js lk fu+lk /k+ fu+fu+ lk js xe js lk
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
ee i /k/k fu /k
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
lk lk lk xaea js lklk /kfu i xe js lk]
nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk nk jk jk
× 2 0 3
RkksMs & pkSxqu y;

1- xejslk fulkjs
+ lk /kfu
+ lkjs
+ xejslk fuiei xejslk /kfu + js+ lk eq[kMk
2 0
2- fu+lkjslk /kfu
+ js+ lk xxxe jsjsjslk fuiei xejslk xejslk xejslk eq[kMk
2 0
3- eeix ejslk& fulkjs
+ l k /kfui&
+ /kfu
+ lkjs
+ fujs+ lk& /kfu
+ lk&
+ &fu+lkjs
2 0
/k&&&
+ &fu+l+ kjs /k++&&& &fulkjs+ /k+ frgkbZ
3 ×
4- lk jsjs fu+ lk /k fu
+ fu
+ + lk js x ee js lk e ii /k fu
×
i /k/k fu lka /k fufu lka jsa xa eaea jsa lk fu ii e i
2
x ee js lk e ii e e js lklk fu lk /k+ & e ii
0
x ee js lk fu+ lklk /k+ & e ii x ee js lk fu+ lk /k+
3 ×
rksMs & vBxqu y;
5- jsjslkjsjslkfulk + xejsxejslkjs ei/kfuiiei /kfulka/kfulkafulka
×
jsajsalkajsajsalkfulka xaeajsaxaeajsalkajsa /kfui/kfuiei xejsxejslkjs
2
/k+fu+l+ k/k+fulkjs
+ lk eejsxejsfulk
+ jsjslkfulkjs
+ fu+l
+ k /k+&&&ejsx
0

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
ejsfulkjs
+ jslkfu+ lkjsfulk/k
+ &&&
+ eejsxejsfu+lk jsjslkfu+l
+ kjsfulk
+ /k+
3 ×
6- xexejslkfulk + eieixejslk /kfu/kfueixe fulkfu
+ lkjs
+ lkfulk
+
×
xaeaxeajsalkafulka jsajsajsalkfulkajsalka lkalkalkafu/kfuii fufufu/kfuiei
2
/k/k/kfuiiei eeexejsxe jsjsjslkfu+lkjslk xxxejslkfulk
+
0
/k+&/k+&/k+&&& xxxejsfulk
+ /k++&/k+&/k+&&& xxxejslkfulk
+ /k+
3 ×
1-3-6 jkx clUr %&

vkyki %&
1- eÞ /k jsa lka] fu lk fu /k i] eÞ /k fu /k i] eÞ x] eÞ x js lkA
2- lk e x e eÞ e x] eÞ /k fu eÞ /k jsa lka] fu /k eÞ /k lkA
3- fu /k i eÞ i eÞ x] x eÞ fu /k eÞ x eÞ x js lkA
4- lk e e eÞ e x] eÞ /k js] fu /k] eÞ /k jsa lkA
elhr[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
ii eÞ xx eÞ /k
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
jsa lk lk fu/k i ieÞ x eÞ x js lk] xjs fu/k i eÞ /k
jsa lk lk e eÞ e x eÞ x js lk
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
/k/k e x eÞ /k
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
jsa lka lka eÞaxa jsa lklk fu /k i eÞx jslk
ii eÞ xx eÞ /k
× 2 0 3
rksMs & pkSxqu y;

1- eÞ/kfu/k i·eÞi eÞxeÞx jsl
a kafulka eÞ/kjsajas lka·fulka fu/ki· eq[kMk
2 0
2- jsalkafulka fu/ki· i·eÞi eÞxjslk lkeeeÞ x·eÞx eÞ/kjsalka eq[kMk
2 0

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
RkksMs & N%xqu y;

3- iieÞieÞx eÞxjslkfu+lk lkeeeÞex eÞ/kfu/kfujsa xajal s kjsl
a kafu lkafu/kfu/ki eÞ/kjsajal
s k· eq[kMk
2 0
4- RkksMs & vBxqu y;
lkxeÞxeÞxjslk eÞ/keÞ/kfu/kii eÞxeÞxjslkfu+lk lke·e·eeÞx
2
eÞ/keÞ/kjsjl
s ka· fu/ki·eÞxjslk /kjsalka·fufulk· eq[kMk+
0
1-3-7 jkx ijt %&

vkyki %&
1- lk] fu+] /k fu jsa lka] fu+ lk fu+------ js x js lk &
2- fu+] x js x] js x eÞ] eÞ x] js lk fu+] js lkA
3- fu+] js x eÞ] x] eÞ Ik · x e x] eÞ x js lkA
4- eÞ /k fu lka · · fu /k fu] x eÞ /k fu] lka jsa fu lka fu /k fu] fu jsa xa · jsa lk fu /k fu] eÞ /k
¼lk½ fu /k fu · /k Ik · x e x] eÞ x js lkA
elhr[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
ii
fnj
eÞ /k/k fu lkafu lka fu fu /k/k i eÞeÞ x eÞ/k eÞ xjs lk] fu+lk
nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk fnj
x ex eÞ /k/k i ii eÞ eÞ /k fufu /k eÞ/k eÞ xjs lk]
3 × 2 0
vUrjk
eÞeÞ
fnj
i eÞeÞ /k fulka fu fu lka fujsa xa jsl
a ka fu /ki eÞ xjs lk] xaxa
nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk fnj
jsa lkalka jsa fu/k fu /k/k i eÞ/k fu /k/k i eÞ/k eÞ xjs lk]
3 × 2 0
rksMs & pkSxqu y;

1- fu+lkxeÞ ieÞixeÞ xjs l klk xeÞi/k eÞixeÞ /kfu/ki eÞ/kfulka fu/kieÞ
2 0
/kieÞi eÞxjslk xeÞi/k eÞ/kfulka fu
3 ×
2- xxjsfu+ jsxeÞi /k/kieÞ /kfulkafu lkafu/kfu lkafu/ki eÞxjslk eq[kMk+ +
2 0

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3- eÞxeÞi /kieÞi fu/kieÞ lkafu/ki fu/kieÞ /kieÞx ieÞx& eq[kMk+

3 ×
RkksMs & N%xqu y;
4- xeÞxeÞieÞ /ki/kieÞi e/kfu/kieÞ /kfulkajsalkafu
2
xajsalkafu/ki jsl
a kafu/kieÞ lkafu/kieÞx fu/ki/kieÞ
0
ieÞxeÞ/k/k fu&&ieÞx eÞ/k/kfu&& ieÞxeÞ/k/k fu
3 ×
5- xeÞjslkfu+lk eÞeÞxjsxeÞ iieÞxeÞ/k fufu/keÞ/kfu
×
jsajl
sa kafulkafu xasjal
s kajl
sa kafu lkafu/kfu/ki eÞxjslkfu+lk
2
xxjseÞeÞx ieÞxeÞ/k/k fu&&&&& xxjseÞeÞx
0
ieÞxeÞ/k/k fu&&&&& xxjseÞeÞx ieÞeÞ/k/k/k fu
3 ×
rksMs+ & vBxqu y;
6- xxjslkfu+jsxeÞ eÞeÞxjslxeÞi iieÞxjsxjsxeÞi /k/kieÞxeÞi/k
2
fufu/kieÞ/kfulka xaxajsalkafufu/ki eÞeÞxe/klkafulka fu&&&eÞeÞxeÞ
0
/klkafulkafu&&& eÞeÞxeÞ/klkafulka xaxajsalkafufu/ki eÞeÞxe/klkafulka fu
3 ×
7- eÞeÞxeÞeÞxjslk iieÞiieÞxjs /k/ki/k/kieÞx fufu/kfufu/kieÞ
×
lalaxajal
s kafu/ki fufujsajsafu/kieÞ /k/klkalkafu/kieÞ ieÞxeÞxjslklk
2
iieÞxeÞ/ki& e/ki/keÞ/kfulka fu&&&&&&& iieÞxeÞ/ki&
0
eÞ/ki/keÞ/kfulka fu&&&&&&& iieÞxeÞ/ki eÞ/ki/keÞ/kfulka fu
3 ×
1-3-8 jkx “kadjk %&

vkyki %&
1- lk x i] i x Ik jsx lk] x Ik fu /k lka fu iA
2- fu /k lka fu i] x Ik lka fu i] lk x Ik fu /k lkaA
3- lka xa ia jsxa lka] fu /k lka fu Ik] Ik x Ik jsx lkA

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
elhr[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
fulka fu ii xi fulka
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
fu fu i ii x xx i xi jsx x lk] fu+lk fu+ i++i+ fu+ lk
nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk] fnj nk fnj nk jk·
x x lk ii x xx i xi jsx x lk]
nk nk jk fnj nk fnj nk jk· nk nk jk]
3 × 2 0
vUrjk
ii x ii fu fu
fnj nk fnj nk jk·
lka lka lka xaia xa xa lk xi x x lk]
3 × 2
rksMs & pkSxqu y;

1- i·ii xixlk fu+i+fu+lk xxlk· i ii x i xjslk· fu·lk· eq[kMk
2 0
2- fu+i+fu+fu+ lk·lk· xixjs lk·lk· fu/klk· fuixi xjslk· eq[kMk+
2 0
3- lklkxx i·ii xxi· xjslk· fu+i+fu+lk xjslk· xjslk· eq[kMk
2 0
rksMs & N%xqu y;
4- i+i+i+fu+fu+fu+ lklklkxxlk xxxiii xixjslk·
2
xifu/klka· fuixjslk· i+i+fu+fu+lk· eq[kMk+
0
5- lklkxxii xxjsjslk· fu+i+fu+lkxlk iixixlk
2
lkfuifuix lkfuifuix lkfuifuix frgkbZ] eq[kMk
0
6- xxxxjslk fufufufuix lklklklkfui xxxjslk·
2
xifu/klka· xifu/klka· xifu/klka· frgkbZ] eq[kMk
0 ×
rksMs+ & vBxqu y;
7- i+fu+i+fu+lkjsfu+lk fu+lkfu+lkxxi xxi·xjslk· iixixjslk·
2
fu/klkafufufufui fu/klkafufufui fu/klkafufufui frgkbZ] eq[kMk+
0
vH;kl iz”u
1- ikB~;Øe ds fdlh ,d jkx esa elh[kkuh xr dks rksMksa lfgr fyfic) dhft,A

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
1-4 lkjka'k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki elhr[kkuh xr dh Lojfyfi dks i<+ ldsaxs ,oa mudk
fØ;kRed :i ls oknu djus esa l{ke gksaxsA fQjkst [kk¡ ds iq= elhr [kk¡ us flrkj oknu dh ,d
“kSyh dks fodflr fd;k ftls elhr[kkuh “kSyh dgrs gSaA blesa ctkbZ tkus okyh jkx jpuk,¡
elhr[kkuh xr dgykrh gSaA ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa esa elhr[kkuh xr nh xbZ gSaA bu jkxksa dk rksMksa ds
}kjk foLrkj Hkh fd;k x;k gS ftlls vki jkx esa vU; rksMk+ sa dks Lo;a cukus esa Hkh l{ke gksaxsA

2- Mk0 xkSjh] rU=h ok| flrkj ,oa oknuh; cafn”ksa] fueZy ifCyds”ku] fnYyhA
3- jk;] oh0,l0 lqnhi] tgku&,&flrkj] dfu’d ifCy”klZ] fnYyhA
4- HkVukxj] Mk0 jtuh] flrkj oknu dh “kSfy;ka] dfu’d ifCy”klZ] fnYyhA
5- Mahajan, Prof. Anupam, Compositions in Instrumental Music, Sanjay Prakashan, Delhi.
1-6 fucU/kkRed iz'u

1- ikB~;dze ds fdUgha rhu jkxksa esa elhr[kkuh xr dks rksMksa lfgr fyfic) dhft,A

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdkbZ 2 & ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa eas jtk[kkuh xr¼rksMksa lfgr½ dks fyfic) djuk
2-1 izLrkouk
2-2 mn~ns';
2-3 ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa jtk[kkuh xr o rksM+s
2-3-1 jkx fe;k¡ eYgkj
2-3-2 jkx ekydkSal
2-3-3 jkx eqYrkuh
2-3-4 jkx rksM+h
2-3-5 jkx njckjh
2-3-6 jkx clUr
2-3-7 jkx ijt
2-3-8 jkx “kadjk
2-4 lkjka'k
2-6 fucU/kkRed iz'u
2-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds r`rh; [k.M dh
nwljh bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds ckn vki elhr[kkuh xr ds ckjs esa
tku pqds gksaxsA vki elhr[kkuh xr dks fyfic) djuk Hkh lh[k pqds gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa jtk[kkuh xr o rksMksa dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA bl
bdkbZ esa vkidh lqfo/kk ds fy, jtk[kkuh xr dh Lojfyfi;k¡ izLrqr dh xbZ gSaA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki jtk[kkuh xr rFkk rksM+kas dks fyfic) dj
ldsaxs vkSj bUgs i<+dj fdz;kRed :i esa izLrqr dj ldsaxsA
2-2 mn~ns';
1- jtk[kkuh xr dks Lojfyfi ds ek/;e ls i<+ ,oa ctk ldsaxsA
2- Loj dks fyfic) dj ldsaxs rFkk fyfic) Loj dks i<+ ldsaxsA
3- RkksM+ksa ds ek/;e ls jkx dk izLrkj dj ldsaxsA
4- vU; jkxksa esa Hkh rksMs+ cukus esa l{ke gksaxsA
94 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky; r`rh; [k.M] bdkbZ 2

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
2-3 ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa jtk[kkuh xr o rksM+s
2-3-1 jkx fe;k¡ eYgkj %&

jtk+[kkuh xr & rhurky
LFkkbZ
x e js lk & fu+ e+ i+
nk jk nk jk nk jk nk ·
fu & & /k+ fu fu+ lk lk] js js i i fu /k fu lka
nk jk nk · nk jk nk · nk jk nk jk nk jk nk ·
fu i e i x e js lk
nk jk nk · nk jk nk ·
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
e e i i fu /k fu fu
lk & lk lk fu+ js lk lka xa ea jsa lka fu fu e i
nk jk nk · nk jk nk · nk jk nk jk nk jk nk ·
fu & & /k fu fu lk lk]
nk jk nk · nk jk nk ·
× 2 0 3
rksM+s ¼4 ek=k½ %&

1 fui ei xe jslk
0
2 ee ii xe jslk
0
3 ix ei xe jslk
0

4 xe jslk fu+lk jslka fu/k++ fu+fu+ lkjs fu+lk
× 2
5 xx ee jsjs lklk fui ei xe jslk
× 2
6 jsi ei xe jslk i& xe jslk fu+lk
× 2
7 fulka jsalka fui ei jsi xe jslk fu+lk
× 2
8 jsi ei xe jslk ix ei xe jslk
× 2
9 fu/k++ fu+fu+ lkjs fu+lk jsi ei xe jslk
× 2

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301

10 fu/k++ fu+lk jslk fu+lk jsi ei xe jslk
0 3
jsi ei fu/k++ fu+lk ei xe jslk fu+lk
× 2
11 ee jsi ei fu/k fulka jsalka fu/k fulka
0 3
jsajsa lkajsa fulka fu/k fulka fui xe jslk
× 2
12 jsjs lkjs jslk fu+lk ee jse ejs fu+lk
× 2
fufu ifu fui ei ee jsjs lkjs fu+lk
0 3
fui ei xe jslk fu++& && fui ei
× 2
xe jslk fu&
+ && fui ei xe jslk fu+
0 3 ×
13 jse jse jslk fu+lk ei ei fui ei
× 2
fulka fulka jsalka fulka fu/k fui xe jslk
0 3
ei ei xe jslk fu& && ei ei
× 2
xe jslk fu&
+ && ei ei xe jslk fu+
0 3 ×
14 ii xe jslk fufu ei xe jslk lkalka
× 2
fu/k fulka fui ei fui] ei xe jslk
0 3
fu& + jslk fu&
+ && ei xe jslk fu+&
× 2
jslk fu&
+ && ei xe jslk fu&
+ jslk fu+
0 3 ×
15 ee xe jslk fu+lk ii ei xe jslk
× 2
fufu ei fu/k fulka fulka jsaea jsalka fulka
0 3
xaea jsalka fu/k fulka fui ei xe jslk
× 2
jslk fu+lk fu&
+ jslk fu+lk fu&
+ jslk fu+lk fu+
0 3 ×

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
16 lkajsa lkafu lkafu /kfu ie xe jsi ei
× 2
fu/k fulka jsalkla fulka fue ix ejs lk&
0 3
jsi ex ejs fu+lk fu+& && jsi ex
× 2
ejs fu+lk fu&
+ && jsi ex ejs fu+lk fu+
0 3 ×
2-3-2 jkx ekydkSal %&

jtk+[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
lk fu+ /k+ lk & fu+ lk x e & e e x e x lk
nk jk nk jk · nk nk jk nk · nk jk nk jk nk jk
/k+ &/k+ fu lk & lk x ex e & e e x e x lk
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
e e x x e e /k fu lka & lka xa lka fu lka lka
fu lka xa ea x lka fu /k e & e e x e x lk
0 3 × 2
rksMs ¼8 ek=k½ %&

1 fu+lk xe /kfu lkafu /ke xae xlk fu+lk
× 2
2 xe /kfu lkafu /ke lkafu /ke xe xlk
× 2
3 ex e/k fulka xalka /kfu /ke xe xlk
× 2
4 e/k fu/k fulka fu/k e/k ex ex lk&
× 2
rksMs ¼12 ek=k½ %&
5 xlk fUk+lk ex lkx /ke xe lkafu /kfu
3 ×
lkafu /ke xlk fu+lk
2 0
6 ee xe xe /kfu lkalka fu/k e/k fulka
3 ×
fufu /ke xe fu+lk
2 0

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
rksMs ¼16 ek=k½
7 lkfu+ lkx ex e/k fu/k e/k fulka xalka
0 3
fulka /kfu e/k xe /kfu /ke xe xlk
× 2
8 fu+lk xe lkx e/k xe /kfu e/k fulka
0 3
xalk fulka /kfu /ke xe /ke xe xlk
× 2
rksMs ¼32 ek=k½
10 fu+lk xfu+ lkx ex e/k fue /kfu lkafu
× 2
/kfu lka/k fulka fulka fu/k ex ex lk&
0 3
fu/k efu /ke xx e& && fu/k efu
× 2
/ke xx e& && fu/k efu /ke xx
0 3
11 ee xe xlk fu+lk fufu /kfu /ke xe
× 2
xx lkafu /kfu lka& /k/k e/k /ke xe
0 3
/ke xe xlk fu+lk e& && /ke xe
× 2
xlk fulk e& && /ke xe xlk fu+lk
0 3
2-3-3 jkx eqYrkuh %&

jtk+[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
eÞ xx js lk fu+ lk x eÞ i & x eÞ x& xjs &js lk
x eÞeÞ i fu lka fufu /k i eÞ i x eÞ x& xjs &js lk
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
i i x eÞ i i fu fu lka & lka xa jsa lka fu lka
i fufu lka xa jsa lka fu lka fu /k i eÞ x& xjs &js lk
0 3 × 2

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
1 ifu /ki eÞx jslk
2
2 i/k ieÞ xjs lklk
2

3 xeÞ ifu lkafu /ki eÞx jslk
2
4 ilka fulka ifu /ki xeÞ i&
2

5 fu+lk xeÞ ifu lkafu /ki eÞi eÞx jslk
× 2
6 xeÞ ifu lkaxa jsl
a ka fu/k ieÞ xjs lk&
× 2
7 fu+lk xeÞ xeÞ i/k ifu lkafu lkaxa jsl
a ka
0 3
fulka fu/k i/k ieÞ xeÞ ieÞ xjs lk&
× 2
8 xjs lkfu+ lkx jslk ieÞ xeÞ i/k ieÞ
× 2
xeÞ ifu /ki eÞi xeÞ ix eÞx jslk
0 3
fu+lk xeÞ ieÞ xeÞ i& && fu+lk xeÞ
× 2
ieÞ xeÞ i& && fu+lk xeÞ ieÞ xeÞ i
0 3 ×
9 xx xx jslk fu+lk fufu fufu /ki eÞi
× 2
xaxa xaxa jsl
a ka fulka fu/k ieÞ xx jslk
0 3
xx jslk fu+lk xeÞ i& && xx jslk
× 2
fu+lk xeÞ i& && xx jslk fu+lk xeÞ i
0 3 ×
10 eÞeÞ xeÞ eÞx jslk ii eÞi ieÞ xeÞ
× 2
xaxa jsajsa lkalka fufu /ki eÞi eÞx jslk
0 3

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
ii eÞi xeÞ xeÞ i& && ii eÞi
× 2
xeÞ xeÞ i& && ii eÞi xeÞ xeÞ i
0 3 ×
11 xeÞ xi eÞi /ki eÞi eÞ/k i/k eÞi
× 2
fulka fu/k i/k eÞi lkafu lkaxa jsl
a ka fulka
0 3
fu/k i/k eÞi fulka xeÞ ieÞ /keÞ ifu
× 2
lkafu /ki eÞi /ki xeÞ ieÞ xjs lk&
0 3
fu/k ieÞ i& xeÞ i& && fu/k ieÞ
× 2
i& xeÞ i& && fu/k ieÞ i& xeÞ i
0 3 ×
2-3-4 jkx rksM+h %&

jtk+[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
x js lk fu+ /k+ fu lk js x & eÞ x js& jslk &fu lk
nk jk nk jk nk jk nk jk nk & nk jk nk· jnk ·j nk
/k+ & fu+ /k+ & fu lk js xx eÞeÞ x js x& lk& fu+ lk
nk · jk nk · jk nk jk fnj fnj nk jk nk· jk· nk jk
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
eÞ eÞ x eÞ & /k fu fu lka & lka lka xa& xajas &jsa lka
nk jk nk nk · jk nk jk nk · nk jk nk· jnk ·j nk
xa & jsa lka & fu /k i x eÞeÞ ii eÞeÞ x& xjs &js lk
nk · jk nk · jk nk jk nk fnj fnj fnj nk· jnk ·j nk
0 3 × 2

1 /k/k ieÞ xx jslk
2 0
2 eÞ/k fueÞ xjs lklk
2 0
3 fu+js xeÞ /kfu lkafu /ke eÞx jsx jslk
× 2

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
4 xjs xeÞ /kfu /keÞ /keÞ xeÞ xjs lklk
× 2
5 xeÞ /keÞ jsx eÞ/k ieÞ xjs xjs lk&
× 2
6 fulka jsa/k fulka eÞ/k fu/k eÞx jsx jslk
× 2
7 xjs lkjs eÞx jsx fu/k eÞ/k lkafu /kfu
3 ×
/keÞ xeÞ xjs lk&
2 0
8 lkjs xjs xeÞ /keÞ /kfu lkafu jsalka fulka
3 ×
fu/k eÞx jsx jslk
2 0
9 eÞx jslk jsx eÞ/k fu/k eÞx eÞ/k fulka
3 ×
fu/k ieÞ xjs lk&
2 0
10 lkfu+ /k+fu+ /k+fu+ lkjs jslk fu+lk fu+lk jsx
0 3
xjs lkjs lkjs xeÞ ieÞ xeÞ xjs lk&
× 2
11 xx jslk eÞeÞ xjs /k/k eÞx fufu /ke
0 3
xaxa jsalka fufu /keÞ xeÞ xjs xjs lk&
× 2
12 xx jslk jslk fu+lk fufu /keÞ /keÞ /kfu
0 3
xaxa jsalka jsl
a ka fulka fufu /keÞ xjs lk&
× 2
2-3-5 jkx njckjh dkUgMk+ %&
jtk+[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
js js lk /k+ & fu+ lk js x & x e js& jslk &fu+ lk
nk jk nk jk · nk jk nk nk · jk · nk· jnk ·jk nk
fu+ lk js js x & e i x & x e js& jslk &fu+ lk
nk jk nk jk nk · jk · nk · nk jk nk· jnk ·jk nk
× 2 0 3

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
vUrjk
e e i /k & fu+ lk fu lka & jsa jsa xa ea jsa lka
nk jk nk jk · nk jk nk nk · nk jk nk jk nk jk
fu lka jsa /k fu lka fu i x & x e js& jslk &fu+ lk
nk jk nk jk nk jk nk jk nk · nk jk nk· jnk ·jk nk
× 2 0 3

1 xe jslk /k+fu+ lka
2
2 ei /kfu ie xe
2
3 ifu ei xe jslk
2
4 fui ei xe jslk /kfu
+ + jslk
2
5 ei /kfu i& ei xe jslk
2
6 lkjs x& ei /k& fui ei xe jslk
× 2
7 lkjs xe i& ei /kfu ie xe jslk
× 2
8 ei /kfu lk& /kfu i& ei xe jslk
× 2
9 /kfu + ++ lkjs xe jslk ei /kfu lkajas fulk
+
0 3
/kfu i& ei xe jslk fulk
+ /kfu
+ + lk&
× 2
10 xe jslk ei /kfu lkajsa lka& fulka jsalka
0 3
/kfu lkajsa fulka fui ei xe jslk fulk
+
× 2
11 fulk + jsalka /kfu ei /kfu lka/k fui ei
0 3
ei /kfu ix ejs i& xe jslk fulk
+
× 2
12 xe xe jslk fulk
+ ei ei xe jslk
× 2
/kfu lka/k fui ei xe xe jsjs lk&
0 3

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
xe jslk js& lkjs x& && xe jslk
× 2
js& lkjs x& && xe jslk js& lkjs x
0 3 ×
13 /k+fu lk/k+ fulk
+ jslk i/k fui /kfu ei
× 2
fulk+ jsafu lkajsa fulka /kfu ei xe jslk
0 3
ei /kfu lka& lkjs x& && ei /kfu
× 2
lka& lkjs x& && ei /kfu lka& lkjs x
0 3 ×
14 lkjs lkjs xe i& ei ei /kfu lka&
× 2
fulka fulka /kfu i& ei ei xe jslk
0 3
lkjs lkjs x& lkjs x& && lkjs lkjs
× 2
x& lkjs x& && lkjs lkjs x& lkjs x
0 3 ×
2-3-6 jkx clUr %&

jtk+[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
eÞ x eÞ & /k
nk jk nk · jk
js & lk & fu /k i & x eÞ x eÞ x js & lk
nk · nk · nk jk nk jknk jk nk nk jk nk · jk
e & e eÞ eÞ eÞ x & js js Lkk] eÞ x eÞ & /k
nk · nk · nk jk nk jknk jk nk nk jk nk · jk
× 2 0 3
vUrjk
eÞ x eÞ /k js js lk &
fu /k i & x eÞ x & js js lk] eÞ x eÞ & /k
nk jk nk · nk jk nk · nk jk nk
× 2 0 3
rksM+s ¼ le ls 4 ek=k ckn½ %&

1 eÞx eÞ/k jsja sa lk· eÞx jsjs Lkk& eq[kMk
2 jsl
a ka fulka fu/k i& eÞeÞ /k/k Lkk& eq[kMk

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3 xe /k/k eÞ/k jsajsa lkafu /ki eÞx eq[kMk
rksMs ¼le ls½ %&

4 xeÞ /k/k eÞ/k fufu /k/k jsjs lk· fu+lk
ieÞ xjs x· eq[kMk
le ls ¼eq[kMs fd frgkbZ½ %&

5 eÞ/k ieÞ xeÞ xjs lk& xeÞ x& xeÞ
x& xeÞ x& eq[kMk
6 jsl
a k fulka eÞx eÞx jslk fu+lk lke &e
xeÞ x· jslk eq[kMk
7 lkfu jsalka ieÞ /ki lkfu+ jsl

a k xeÞ /k/k
eÞ/k jsjs lk· eq[kMk

0 3
2-3-7 jkx ijt %&
jtk[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
i eÞ x eÞ & /k fu fulka & /k i eÞ i x e

nk jk nk jk · nk nk nkjk · nk jk nk jk nk jk
fu+ js x eÞ i eÞ /k eÞi /k fu lka fu /k i eÞ
nk jk nk jk · nk nk nkjk · nk jk nk jk nk jk
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
eÞ x e /k eÞ /k fu lka fu & /k i eÞ eÞ x eÞ
/k fu jsa fu & /k eÞ /k fu /k i eÞ x js Lkk &
0 3 × 2
rksMs ¼8 ek=k½ %&

1 fu/k ieÞ /ki eÞi xe xjs fu+js lk&
2 lkafu /kfu /ki eÞi fu/k ieÞ xjs lk&

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3 /kfu lkafu /ki eÞi /ki eÞi ex jslk
4 fujs xeÞ ieÞ i/k eÞ/k fulka fu/k ieÞ
eÞ/k fu/k fulk fu/k ieÞ xeÞ xjs lk&
5 xjs xeÞ i/k fu/k fu/k ieÞ xe Lk&
eÞ/k fulka fu& eÞ/k fulka fu& eÞ/k fulka

6 fu& lkafu jsalk fulka fu& /ki eÞi /ki
eÞ/k fulka jsjs lkafu /kfu /ki eÞ/k ieÞ
xjs Lkk& xeÞ /kfu lka& fu& xjs Lkka&
/kfu Lkka& fu& xjs xeÞ /kfu Lkka& fu&
2-3-8 jkx “kadjk %&

jtk+[kkuh xr
LFkkbZ
x i fu /k lka
nk · nk jk jk
fu & i & x x i & x & Lkk] fu+ i+ fu+ & lka
nk · nk · nk · nk · nk · nk] nk · nk jk jk
x & lk & xi fulk fui xi xjs Lkkfu+ Lkk]
nk · nk · nk · nk · nk · nk]
0 3 × 2
vUrjk
x x i & fu fu lka & xa xa ia & xa & lka &
nk jk nk · nk jk nk · nk jk nk · nk · jk jk
fu /k lka & fu & i & xi xjs lk
nk jk nk · nk jk nk · nk jk nk
0 3 × 2
rksM+s ¼le ls 4 ek=k ckn½

1 fu/k lka· fui x· xi xjs lk· eq[kMk
2 lklk xx ii fu/k fui xi x· eq[kMk
3 fu+lk x· lkx i· xi xjs lk· eq[kMk

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
4 lkafu lkalka fui xi xi xjs lk· eq[kMk
5 ifu lkx jslk fui xx i· fu+lk eq[kMk
6 ilka fujsa lkafu /ki xi fufu lk· eq[kMk
rksMs ¼le ls½ %&

7 lklk xx ii xi xi xjs lkfu lk·
ifu lkjs lk· eq[kMk
8 fu+lk xlk xi xi fulk xjs lkfu lk·
jsalka fujas lk· eq[kMk
9 lkfu+ lkx i· xi ifu lkaxa jsalka fulka
xi fu/k lk· eq[kMk
10 lkfu jsalka ieÞ /ke lkfu+ jsalk xeÞ /k/k
eÞ/k jsjs lk· eq[kMk
vH;kl iz”u
1- ikB~;Øe ds fdlh ,d jkx esa jtk[kkuh xr dks rksMksa lfgr fyfic) dhft,A
2-4 lkjka'k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds ckn vki jtk[kkuh xr dh Lojfyfi dks i<+ ldsaxs ,oa
mudk fØ;kRed :i ls oknu djus esa l{ke gksaxsA ikB~;Øe ds jkxksa esa jtk[kkuh xr nh xbZ
gSaA bu jkxksa dk rksMksa ds }kjk foLrkj Hkh fd;k x;k gS ftlls vki jkx esa vU; rksMksa dks
Lo;a cukus esa Hkh l{ke gksaxsA

2- Mk0 xkSjh] rU=h ok| flrkj ,oa oknuh; cafn”ksa] fueZy ifCyds”ku] fnYyhA
3- jk;] oh0,l0 lqnhi] tgku&,&flrkj] dfu’d ifCy”klZ] fnYyhA
4- HkVukxj] Mk0 jtuh] flrkj oknu dh “kSfy;ka] dfu’d ifCy”klZ] fnYyhA
5- Mahajan, Prof. Anupam, Compositions in Instrumental Music, Sanjay Prakashan,
Delhi.
2-6 fucU/kkRed iz'u

1- ikB~;dze ds fdUgha rhu jkxksa esa jtk[kkuh xr dks rksMksa lfgr fyfic) dhft,A

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
bdkbZ 3 & ikB~;dze dh rkyksa dk ifjp; ,oa mudks y;dkjh¼nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu½ lfgr
fyfic) djukA
3-1 izLrkouk
3-2 mn~ns';
3-3 rkyksa dk ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-1 vkMkpkjrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-2 nhipanh rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-3 >wejk rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-4 lwyrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-5 rhojk rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-4 lkjka'k
3-7 fucU/kkRed iz'u
3-1 izLrkouk
izLrqr bdkbZ ch0,0 laxhr ds ikB~;dze¼ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301½ ds r`rh; [k.M dh rhljh
bdkbZ gSA blls igys dh bdkbZ;ksa ds v/;;u ds ckn vki ikB~;dze ds jkxksa esa elhr[kkuh o
jtk[kkuh xrksa dks rksMksa lfgr fyfic) djuk Hkh lh[k x, gksaxsA
bl bdkbZ esa ikB~;dze dh rkyksa ds Bsdksa ,oa mudks fofHkUUk y;dkjh¼nqxu] frxqu o pkSxqu½
esa fyfic) djus ds fo’k; esa crk;k x;k gSA
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki ikB~;dze dh rkyksa ds Bsdksa ,oa mudks fofHkUUk
y;dkjh esa fyfic) djus ds fo’k; esa tku ldsaxsA blls vki y;dkjh dks cksyus ,oa ctkus esa Hkh
l{ke gksaxsA
3-2 mn~ns”;
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki %&
• fofHkUu y;dkjh;ksa dks tku ldsaxsA
• rcys dh rky ds Bsdksa dks fofHkUu y;dkjh esa fyfic) dj ik,axsA
• rky o mudh y;dkjh;ksa dks le> dj vki vius xk;u@oknu dks vf/kd izHkko”kkyh
cukus esa l{ke gksaxsA

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3-3 rkyksa dk ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;k¡
3-3-1 vMkpkjrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;ka %&

Ikfjp; & vkMkpkjrky pkSng ek=k dh rcys ij ctus okyh rky gS ftldk iz;ksx foyfEcr ,oa
e/; y; esa fd;k tkrk gSA ,drky dh Hkkafr vfr foyfEcr y; esa bldk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA
blesa xk;u ,oa ok|ksa ij eq[; :Ik ls e/;y; dh jpuk gh xkbZ o ctkbZ tkrh gSA pkjrky
i[kkot ij ctkus okyh ckjg ek=k dh rky gS ijUrq vkMkpkjrky dk i[kkot ij ctus okyh
rky ls dksbZ lEcU/k ugha gS ;|fi uke ls lEcU/k dk Hkze gksrk gSA blesa ,dy oknu Hkh rcyk
okndksa }kjk izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA bldk Lo:i e/; y; esa gh LFkkfir gksrk gSA nzqr ,oa vfr
nzqr y; esa izk;% bl rky dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tkrk gSA pkSng ek=k dh gh rcys ij ctus okyh
vU; rkysa >wejk rky] nhipUnh rky ,oa dSn QjksnLr rky gSaA budk Lo:i ,oa rky lajpuk
vkMkpkjrky ,oa ,d&nwljs ls fHkUu gS ,oa bu rkyksa dk laxhr esa iz;ksx Hkh fHkUu :i esa gksrk gSA
;gh leku ek=k dh rcys ij ctus okyh fHkUu rkyksa dk vkSfpR; Hkh gSA
Lo:i & ek=k & 14] foHkkx & 7] rkyh & 1] 3] 7 o 11 ij] [kkyh & 5] 9 o 13 ij
Bsdk
f/ka frjfdV f/ka uk rw uk d rk frjfdV f/k uk f/k f/k uk f/ka
& 2 0 3 0 4 0 &
y;dkfj;k¡ & le; dh leku xfr dks y; dgrs gSaA nks ek=kvksa dh fdz;k ds e/; gksus okyk
foJkafr dky gh y; gS vkSj tc ;g dky iz;ksx gksus okyh ek=kvksa ds chp leku jgrk gS rks og
fuf”pr y; dk Lo:i ys ysrk gSA vr% y; dk lEcU/k ek=k ,o ek=kvksa ds chp ds le; ls gSA
y; lkekU; :i ls rhu izdkj dh ekuh xbZ gSa& foyfEcr] e/; ,oa nzqr y;A dky ds
yEck gksus ij foyfEcr y; LFkkfir gksrh gSA bl dky ds de gksus ij e/; y; ,oa mlls vf/kd
de gksus ij nzqr y; gks tkrh gSA lkekU; :i ls e/; y; dk foJkafr le; foyfEcr y; ds
foJkafr le; dk vk/kk gkssrk gS ,oa nzqr y; dk foJkafr le; e/; y; ds foJkafr le; dk vk/kk
gksrk gSA laxhr esa ;g ekU;rk LFkkfir gks pqdh gS ,oa izpyu esa gSA foyfEcr y; dks vk/kkj y;
ekuus ls e/; y; dk iz;ksx foyfEcr y; esa nks ckj ,oa nzqr y; dk iz;ksx pkj ckj djus dh
vko”;drk gksxhA vr% e/; y; foyfEcr y; dh nqxquh] nzqr y; e/; y; dh nqxqu gksrh gSA
y; dk ;gh iz;ksx y;dkjh dgykrk gSA ,d ek=k esa ,d ls vf/kd ek=kvksa dk vk/kkj y; ds
lkFk iz;ksx y;dkjh dgykrk gSA
laxhr esa fofHkUu y;dkjh;ka tSls nqxqu] frxqu] pkSxqu] vkM+] dqvkM+] ,oa fcvkM+ iz;ksx dh
tkrh gaSA
nqxqu & ,d ek=k esa nks ek=k 12 12
frxqu & ,d ek=k eas rhu ek=k 123 123
pkSxqu & ,d ek=k esa pkj ek=k 1234 1234
nqxqu] frxqu ,oa pkSxqu dh y;dkjh dks dze”k% nks ckj] rhu ckj ,oa pkj ckj iz;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
vkMkpkjrky dh nqxqu %&
f/kafrjfdV f/kauk rwuk drk frjfdVf/k Ukkf/k f/kuk f/kafrjfdV
& 2 0 3
f/kauk rwuk drk frjfdVf/k Ukkf/k f/kuk f/ka
0 4 0 &
vkMkpkjrky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa & 7 ek=k dh gksxh ,oa vkBoha ek=k ls vkjEHk dj le ij
vk,xhA
f/kafrjfdV f/kauk rwuk drk frjfdVf/ka ukf/ka f/kauk f/ka

0 4 0 &
vkMkpkjrky dh frxqu %&

f/kafrjfdVf/ka ukrwuk drkfrjfdV f/kUkkf/k f/kukf/ka frjfdVf/kauk rwukd rkfrjfdVf/k
& 2 0 3
Ukkf/kf/k Ukkf/kafrjfdV f/kukrw ukdrk frjfdVf/kuk f/kf/kuk f/ka
0 4 0 &
vkMkpkjrky dh frxqu ,d vkorZu esa & = ek=k dh gksxh ,oa 9 ek=k ds ckn vkjEHk
gksdj le ij vk,xhA
·f/kafrjfdV f/kukrw ukdrk frjfdVf/kauk f/kaf/kauk f/ka
4 0 &
vkMkpkjrky dh pkSxqu %&

f/kafrjfdVf/kauk rwukdrk frjfdVf/kUkkf/k f/kukf/kafrjfdV f/kaukrwuk drkfrjfdVf/k
& 2 0
ukf/kf/kuk f/kafrjfdVf/kauk rwukdrk frjfdVf/kUkkf/k f/kukf/kafrjfdV f/kaukrwuk
3 0 4
drkfrjfdVf/k ukf/kf/kuk f/ka
0 &
vkMkpkjrky dh pkSxqu ,d vkorZu esa & = ek=k dh gksxh ,oa 11 ek=k ds ckn vkjEHk
dj le ij vk,xhA
11 12 13 14
··f/kafrjfdV f/kukrwuk drkfrjfdVf/ka ukf/kaf/kauk f/ka
4 0 &

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3-3-2 nhipUnh rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;ka %&
ifjp; & nhipUnh rky dks pkapj ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA eq[;r% bldk iz;ksx mi”kkL=h;
laxhr ;k lqxe laxhr esa fd;k tkrk gSA bl dkj.k ;s rky rcys ds lkFk&lkFk <+ksyd] uky]
uDdkjk vkfn vou) ok|ksa ij Hkh ctk;k tkrk gSA nhipUnh rky esa vf/kd oknu lEHko u gksus
ds dkj.k bldk iz;ksx ,dy oknu gsrq ugha fd;k tkrk gSA bldk oknu rhuksa y;ksa & foyfEcr]
e/; o nzqr y; esa fd;k tkrk gSA mi”kkL=h; laxhr ds vUrxZr bldk eq[; iz;ksx gksyh o
foyfEcr y; ds Bqejh xk;u dh laxfr ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl rky esa yXxh&yM+h dk iz;ksx
cgqrk;r esa gksrk gSA
;g pkSng ek=k dh rky gSA 14 ek=k,a 3@4@3@4 foHkkx esa foHkkftr gSaA vr% bls feJ
tkfr dh v)Z leinh; rky dgrs gSaA blesa igyk ,oa rhljk foHkkx rhu&rhu ek=k ,oa nwljk ,oa
pkSFkk foHkkx pkj&pkj ek=k dk gSA igyh] pkSFkh ,oa X;kjoha ek=k ij rkyh ,oa vkBoha ek=k ij
[kkyh gSA
Lo:i & ek=k & 14] foHkkx & 4] rkyh & 1] 4 o 11 ij] [kkyh & 8 ij
Bsdk
/kk f/ka · /kk /kk fra · rk fra · /kk /kk f/ka · /kk
× 2 0 3 ×
y;dkfj;ka %&
nhipUnh rky dh nqxqu %&
/kkf/ka ·/kk /kkfra ·rk fra· /kk/kk f/ka· /kkf/ka ·/kk /kkfra ·rk fra· /kk/kk f/ka· /kk
× 2 0 3 ×
nhipUnh rky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
/kkf/ka ·/kk /kkfra ·rk fra· /kk/kk f/ka· /kk

0 3 ×
nhipUnh rky dh frxqu %&
/kkf/ka· /kk/kkfra ·rkfra ·/kk/kk f/ka·/kk f/ka·/kk /kkfra·

× 2
rkfra· /kk/kkf/ka ·/kkf/ka ·/kk/kk fra·rk fra·/kk /kkf/ka· /kk
0 3 ×
nhipUnh rky dh frxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
1/kkf/ka ·/kk/kk fra·rk fra·/kk /kkf/ka· /kk

3 ×

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
nhipUnh rky dh pkSxqu %&
/kkf/ka·/kk /kkfra·rk fra·/kk/kk f/ka·/kkf/ka ·/kk/kkfra ·rkfra· /kk/kkf/ka·

× 2
/kkf/ka·/kk /kkfra·rk fra·/kk/kk f/ka·/kkf/ka ·/kk/kkfra ·rkfra· /kk/kkf/ka· /kk
0 3 ×
nhipUnh rky dh pkSxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
12/kkf/ka ·/kk/kkfra ·rkfra· /kk/kkf/ka· /kk

3 ×
3-3-3 >wejk rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;ka %&

ifjp; & ;g rcys dk rky gSA bl rky dh lajpuk nhipUnh dh Hkkafr gS ijUrq bl rky dk
iz;ksx nhipUnh ls fHkUu gSA >wejk rky dk iz;ksx “kkL=h; xk;u ds foyfEcr [;ky ds lkFk fd;k
tkrk gSA bl rky dk iz;ksx foyfEcr y; esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA e/; ,oa nqzr y; esa bl rky ds
iz;ksx dk izpyu ugha gSA ,dy oknu dk izpyu bl rky esa ugha gS fdUrq dqN fo}kuksa ds
vuqlkj iqjkus rcyk okndksa }kjk blesa dHkh&dHkh LorU= oknu Hkh izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
;g feJ tkfr dh v)Z leinh; rky gSA bldh 14 ek=k,a 3@4@3@4 foHkkxksa esa c¡Vh
gSaA blesa igyk ,oa rhljk foHkkx rhu&rhu ek=k ,oa nwljk ,oa pkSFkk foHkkx pkj&pkj ek=k dk
gSA igyh] pkSFkh ,oa X;kjgoha ek=k ij rkyh ,oa vkBoha ek=k ij [kkyh gSA
Lo:i & ek=k & 14] foHkkx & 4] rkyh & 1] 4 o 11 ij] [kkyh & 8 ij
Bsdk
f/ka ·/kk frjfdV f/ka f/ka /kkxs frjfdV fra ·rk frjfdV f/ka f/ka /kkxs frjfdV f/ka
× 2 0 3 ×
y;dkfj;ka %&
>wejk rky dh nqxqu %&
f/ka·/kk frjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxs frjfdVfra ·rkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka /kkxsfrjfdV

× 2
f/ka·/kk frjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxs frjfdVfra ·rkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka /kkxsfrjfdV f/ka
0 3 ×
>wejk rky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
f/ka·/kk frjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxs frjfdVfra ·rkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka /kkxsfrjfdV f/ka

0 3 ×

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
>wejk rky dh frxqu %&
f/ka·/kkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka/kkxs frjfdVfra·rk frjfdVf/kaf/ka /kkxsfrjfdVf/ka ·/kkfrjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxsfrjfdV

× 2
fra·rkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka/kkxs frjfdVf/ka·/kk frjfdVf/kaf/ka /kkxsfrjfdVfra ·rkfrjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxsfrjfdV f/ka
0 3 ×
>wejk rky dh frxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
1f/ka·/kk frjfdVf/kaf/ka /kkxsfrjfdVfra ·rkfrjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxsfrjfdV f/ka

3 ×
>wejk rky dh pkSxqu %&
f/ka·/kkfrjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxsfrjfdVfra ·rkfrjfdVf/kaf/ka

×
/kkxsfrjfdVf/ka·/kk frjfdVf/kaf/ka/kkxs frjfdVfra·rkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka/kkxsfrjfdV
2
f/ka·/kkfrjfdVf/ka f/ka/kkxsfrjfdVfra ·rkfrjfdVf/kaf/ka
0
/kkxsfrjfdVf/ka·/kk frjfdVf/kaf/ka/kkxs frjfdVfra·rkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka/kkxsfrjfdV f/ka
3 ×
>wejk rky dh pkSxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
12f/ka·/kk frjfdVf/kaf/ka/kkxs frjfdVfra·rkfrjfdV f/kaf/ka/kkxsfrjfdV f/ka

3 ×
3-3-4 lwyrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;ka %&

ifjp; & bls lwyQkd vFkok lwyQkDrk ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ia0 fot;”kadj feJ us
viuh iqLrd rcyk iqjk.k esa fy[kk gS & “ eksgEen dje beke us lwyrky dks vehj [kqljks }kjk
jfpr 17 rkyksa esa ls ,d ekuk gS] vkpk;Z c`gLifr us vnu my ewlhdh uked iqLrd ds vk/kkj ij
bl rky dk uke mlwys&Qk[rk fn;k gS] tks ckn esa fcxM+dj lwyQk[rk gks x;kA mlwy dk vFkZ
fl)kUr gksrk gS vkSj Qk[rk iaMqd¼xqyxqp;k½ uked fpfM+;k dks dgrs gSaA yksxksa dk er gS fd bl
fpfM+;k dh cksyh ds vk/kkj ij bl rky dh jpuk gqbZ gSA Qk[rk dh cksyh dqN bl izdkj gksrh gS
& dw · · · dw · dw · · · ”
;g i[kkot ij ctkbZ tkus okyh izeq[k rkyksa esa ls ,d gSA eq[;r% bldk oknu e/; o
nzqr y; esa gksrk gSA xk;u esa /kqzin “kSyh dh e/; y; dh jpukvksa o oknu esa oh.kk ds lkFk laxfr
esa bldk iz;ksx gksrk gSA i[kkot esa bl rky esa ,dy oknu Hkh izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA
;g prL= tkfr dh le inh; rky gSA bldh ek=kvksa dh la[;k 10 gS] tks ik¡p foHkkxksa
esa c¡Vh gSA blds izR;sd foHkkx esa nks&nks ek=k,a gSaA ,d] ikap ,oa lkroha ek=k ij rkyh ,oa rhljh
rFkk ukSoha ek=k ij rkyh gSA
ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
Lo:i & ek=k & 10] foHkkx & 5] rkyh & 1] 5 o 7 ij] [kkyh & 3 o 9 ij
Bsdk
/kk /kk fna rk fdV /kk frV drk xnh fxu /kk
× 0 2 3 0 ×
y;dkfj;ka %&
lwyrky dh nqxqu %&
/kk/kk fnark fdV/kk frVdrk xfnxu /kk/kk fnark fdV/kk frVdrk xfnxu /kk
× 0 2 3 0 ×
lwyrky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
/kk/kk fnark fdV/kk frVdrk xfnxu /kk

3 0 ×
lwyrky dh frxqu %&
/kk/kkfna rkfdV/kk frVdrkxfn xu/kk/kk fnarkfdV /kkfrVdrk

× 0 2
xfnxu/kk /kkfnark fdV/kkfrV drkxfnxu /kk
3 0 ×
lwyrky dh frxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
12/kk /kkfnark fdV/kkfrV drkxfnxu /kk

3 0 ×
lwyrky dh pkSxqu %&
/kk/kkfnark fdV/kkfrVdrk xfnxu/kk/kk fnarkfdV/kk frVdrkxfnxu /kk/kkfnark

× 0 2
fdV/kkfrVdrk xfnxu/kk/kk fnarkfdV/kk frVdrkxfnxu /kk
3 0 ×
lwyrky dh pkSxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
12/kk/kk fnarkfdV/kk frVdrkxfnxu /kk

0 ×

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
3-3-5 rhojk rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp;] Lo:i ,oa y;dkfj;ka %&
ifjp; & bls rhozk ;k rsojk uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA dqN fo}ku bls xhrkaxh Hkh dgrs gSaA oSls
rks ;g i[kkot ds egRoiw.kZ rkyksa esa ls ,d gS fdUrq bls rcys ij Hkh ctk;k tkrk gSA rhojk
rky dh lajpuk :id rky dh Hkkafr gSA ;g nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dh feJ tkfr ds f=iqV rky
ds leku gSA i[kkot ij ,dy oknu esa rFkk xk;u esa bldk iz;ksx /kqzin “kSyh dh e/; ,oa nzqr
y; dh jpukvksa ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA blesa iju] VqDM+s] frgkbZ;k¡ vkfn jpuk,a ctkbZ tkrh gSaA
rcys ij bldk iz;ksx /kzqin vax dh xk;dh ds lkFk [kqys vax ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA bls
foyfEcr y; esa iz;ksx djus dk izpyu ugha gSA
;g ,d fo’keinh; rky gSA blesa 7 ek=k,a gksrh gSa tks 3@2@2 & dqy 3 foHkkxksa esa c¡Vh
gksrh gSaA igys foHkkx esa rhu rFkk nwljs o rhljs esa nks&nks ek=k,a gksrh gSaA bldh igyh] pkSFkh o
NBh ek=k ij rkyh gksrh gSA blesa [kkyh ugha gksrh gSA
Lo:i & ek=k & 7] foHkkx & 3] rkyh & 1] 4 o 6 ij
Bsdk
/kk nha Rkk frV dr xfn xu /kk
× 2 3 ×
y;dkfj;ka %&
rhojk rky dh nqxqu %&
/kknha rkfrV drxfn xu/kk nhark frVdr xfnxu /kk

× 2 3 ×
rhojk rky dh nqxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
1/kk nhark frVdr xfnxu /kk

2 3 ×
rhojk rky dh frxqu %&
/kknhark frVdrxfn xu/kknha rkfrVdr xfnxu/kk nharkfrV drxfnxu /kk

× 2 3 ×
rhojk rky dh frxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
12/kk nharkfrV drxfnxu /kk

3 ×
rhojk rky dh pkSxqu %&
/kknharkfrV drxfnxu/kk nharkfrVdr xfnxu/kknha rkfrVdrxfn xu/kknhark frVdrxfnxu /kk

× 2 3 ×
rhojk rky dh pkSxqu ,d vkorZu esa %&
1/kknhark frVdrxfnxu /kk

3 ×

ch0,0,e0vkbZ0&301
vH;kl iz'u
d½ y?kq mRrjh; iz'u %&
1- vkMkpkjrky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
2- >wejk rky dh nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu y;dkjh fyfic) dhft,A
3- nhipanh rky dk lEiw.kZ ifjp; nhft,A
[k½ fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %&
1- vkMkpkjrky dh -----] ------- o ------ ek=k ij [kkyh gSA
2- pkapj dks ------------------------ rky ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
3- ------------------- rky dk iz;ksx izk;% foyfEcr y; esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA
4- Lkwyrky ------------------ vou) ok| ij ctkbZ tkus okyh rky gSA
5- Rkhojk rky nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dh feJ tkfr ds -------------------- rky ds leku gSA
3-4 lkjka'k
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i'pkr vki ikB~;dze dh rkyksa dks Bsdksa ,oa mudks fofHkUUk
y;dkjh¼nqxu] frxqu o pkSxqu½ esa fyfic) djus ds fo’k; esa tku pqds gksaxsA bl bdkbZ ds
v/;;u ls vki y;dkjh dks Hkyh&Hkkafr le> pqds gksaxsA bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ vki
rcys dh rky ds Bsdksa dks fofHkUu y;dkjh esa fyfic) dj ldsaxsA rky o mudh y;dkjh;ksa dks
le> dj vki vius xk;u@oknu dks vf/kd izHkko”kkyh cukus esa l{ke gks ldsaxsA

[k½ fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft, %&
1- 5] 9 o 13 2- nhipUnh rky 3- >wejk rky 4- i[kkot 5- f=iqV

1- olUr] laxhr fo'kkjn] laxhr dk;kZy;] gkFkjlA
2- JhokLro] Jh fxjh'k pUnz] rky ifjp;] laxhr lnu izdk'ku] bykgkcknA
3-7 fucU/kkRed iz'u

1- ikB~;dze dh fdUgha rhu rkyksa dk iw.kZ ifjp; nsrs gq, muds Bsdksa dks nqxqu] frxqu o pkSxqu
lfgr fyfic) dhft,A

Bamv 201

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BAMI-301

MkWa0 xhrk tks”kh MkWa0 fot; d`".k¼vk-l-½ f}ts'k mik/;k;

ikB~;dze la;kstu ,oa laiknu

dkihjkbV % @mRRkjk[k.M eqDr fo”ofo|ky;

[k.M 2 & jkx foLrkj] thou ifjp; ,oa fucU/k ys[ku

[k.M 3 & Lojfyfi o rkyfyfi esa fy[kuk

bdkÃ 1 & Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl¼e/;dky ds mijkUr ls vk/kqfud dky rd½

1 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

2 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

3 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

4 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

5 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

6 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

1-4 vk/kqfud dky

8 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

10 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

[k- lR;@vlR; crkb, %&

x- fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ %&

11 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

1-7 vH;kl iz”uksa ds mRrj

x- fjDr LFkku dh iwfrZ %&

1-8 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph

1-9 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh%

1-10 fucU/kkRed iz”u

12 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 1

bdkbZ 2 & Hkkjrh; laxhr esa FkkV i)fr

2-3 Hkkjrh; laxhr esa esy vFkok FkkV

2-4 ia0 O;adVeq[kh ds 72 FkkV

14 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

16 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

Øe la0 esy&uke Loj

17 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

2-5 ia fo-ukjk;.k Hkkr[kaMs ds nl FkkV

FkkV ds fu;e %&

18 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

2-5-1 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr ds FkkV vkSj mlds Loj %&

1- fcykoy FkkV % blesa Loj “kq) gh yxrs gSaA l js x e i /k fuA

jkx vkSj FkkV dh rqyuk %&

19 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

2-6 fgUnqLrkuh laxhr i)fr esa xf.krkuqlkj 32 FkkVksa dh mRifRr

20 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

21 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

2-9 vH;kl iz'uksa ds mRrj

2-10 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph

2-11 lgk;d@mi;ksxh ikB~; lkexzh

2-12 fucU/kkRed iz”u

22 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 2

23 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

3-3 Jqfr vkSj Loj foHkktu

24 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

25 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

3-4 izkphu dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj

26 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

9 Øks/kk ^x* ^x*

3-5 e/;dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj

27 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

28 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

29 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

3-6 vk/kqfud dky esa Jqfr vkSj Loj

30 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

3-7 nf{k.k Hkkjrh; laxhr dk laf{kIr ifjp;

32 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3

33 mRrjk[k.M eqDr fo'ofo|ky; izFke [k.M] bdkbZ 3