Mobile Comm and Radio Planning Course

Radio Planning
With MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS
2G, 3G and 4G LTE
By: Sami Alio
Telecommunication & Electronics Engineer
MBA, JNU India
1 TELCOMA Trainer certified
COMMSCOPE certified
11/2/2018
What is expected to receive ?
➢ Communication systems
➢ Modulation
➢ 2G // GSM system architecture
➢ Radio part and Microwave
➢ 3G overview
➢ 4G overview
➢ Radio Planning
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

3 Wireless Access Evolution
Subscribers
▪ Broadband
▪ Network
Simplification
▪ New Services ▪ Cost of
Ownership
▪ Efficiency
▪ Voice Quality ▪ More Data
▪ Portability Services
▪ Coverage ▪ Capacity required
▪ Mobility ▪ Data Service
Voice Broadband

4
Mobile Networks
 This course covers cellular data technologies
 It does not cover:

5
Agenda
➢ What is communication system
➢ Basics of radio waves
➢ Analog and digital Modulations ( AM, FM, PM // FDMA, TDAM and CDMA )
❑ GSM Global System for Mobile Communication

❑ GSM architecture
❑ GSM bands
❑ Mobile station and SIM module
❑ GSM Cells
❑ Radio, microwave and Core parts
❖ 3G system architecture
❖ 4G LTE system architecture
❖ 4G LTE planning
❖ ATOLL Software and planning exercises Where I can work ????

6
Communication System !
What is composed of ?

7
Basics
Radio waves
Frequency

8
Frequencies

9
Analog Vs Digital

10
Transmission

11
Modulation
Modulation, Why !

12
Modulation
Modulation, Why !

13
Access technologies

14
Access technologies

15
Mobile communication systems
1st Generation AMPS ( Advanced Mobile Phone System )
• Introduced in 1981 ( Norway – USA and Japan )

• Invent of cellular technology
• Analog telecommunications standard, Access: FDMA
• Public voice services only, no Data
• Depends on small cells, each covered by base station
• Reuse of frequencies is possible, low transmit power
for mobile stations

16
History of Mobile Data Networks
 Remember that phones were originally designed for calls

17
Mobile Communication systems
• Disadvantages:
• Security as any one can listen ( Analog )
• Interference and noise => call quality ( Analog )
• Coverage and # base stations ( cost )

18
2nd Generation ( GSM )
• The need to have very good voice quality

• Totally digital technology
• Access: FDAMT/TDMA
FDMA to have 124 channels each channel is 200 KHZ
And we use TDAM inside to have 8 users for each channel
stinmulasely on the same band/freq

19

20 Mobile communication systems
BSS: BTS and BSC system
MW
Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio Single, dual and triple band…

RRU
• Connect to BBU
Fiber to EM
• RET control

RRU
• Connect to BBU
Fiber to EM
• RET control

25

Diplexer
Triplexer

Cables

Examples and Quiz !


30 Split-Mount Microwave - Installation
Separate Mount Direct Mount
antenna
(direct mount)
antenna (separate
mount)
ODU
Soft waveguide
ODU IF cable IF cable
中频口
IDU IF port
IDU IF port

31 Microwave Antenna
Parabolic antenna Cassegrainian antenna
 Antennas are used to send and receive microwave signals.
 Parabolic antennas and cassegrainian antennas are two common types of microwave antennas.
Microwave antenna diameters includes: 0.3m, 0.6m, 1.2m, 1.8m,2.0m, 2.4m, 3.0m, 3.2metc.

Shelter
RTN
BBU
Power
Grounding

Power

Mobile Station MS and SIM
417 Syria, 01 Syriatel and 02 MTN

2-3 watt
eSIM ROM, RAM, PIN

Contacts
Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number

00 963 944 Xxxxxx

GSM Bands

GSM Bands

GSM Bands
Total is: 4.615ms ( 1248bits)

Each slot is: 0.577ms

GSM Channels:
BCH: Sync with MS

BCCH: Sends Cell ID,Info
FCCH: O’ data, to verify BCCH and
Sync with Carrier Freq.
SCH: Sync for TDMA slots
CCCH: Common CCH

RACH: Location Update, outgoing call..
AGCH: Offer slot in the BTS
PCH: when incoming call, BTS send
Message with IMSI searching
SDCCH: Dedicate Ch, for call establish

FACCH: handover commands
SACCH: MS sends measurements rprts
39 Network Overview
MS MS (Mobile Station)
RF department
BTS
BSS (Base Station System)
RAN department
BSC Transmission department
PSTN,
ISDN...
MSC
NSS (Network Switching
Voicemail Server Subsystem)
NSS department
SM-SC VLR HLR AuC EIR
OMC OMC
OMM (Operations & Maintenance
NMC GSM interfaces Management)
X.25 links
40
Home Location Register - HLR - is a subscriber database containing each customer’s
international mobile subscriber identity - IMSI and international mobile equipment
identifier - IMEI to uniquely identify each customer. The HLR holds each customer’s
user profile, which includes the selected long distance carrier, calling restrictions,
service fee charge rates, and other selected network options.
Visitor Location Register - VLR - contains a subset of a subscriber’s HLR information for
use while a mobile telephone is active on a particular MSC.
The VLR holds both visiting and home customers’ information.
Equipment Identity Register - EIR - is a database that contains the identity of

telecommunications devices (such as wireless telephones) and the status of these
devices in the network (such as authorized or not-authorized) / Stolen / Ok..
Authentication Center - AuC - The authentication center (AuC) stores and processes
information that is required to validate the identity ("authenticate") of a wireless
telephone before service is provided.
SMS Center - SMSC - receives, stores, delivers, and confirms receipt of short messages.
41
Call establishment
11/2/2018
42
GSM Cells

43
GSM Cells ( Planning )
Cell planning means building a network
able to provide service to the customers
wherever they are.
Macro cells : 1 to 35 km. hilltop or a rooftop.

Micro cells : 0.1 to 1 km , indoor coverage
Pico cells : Hot spots.
• Geographical are
• Importance ( Hot spots )
• Approx users
• Site locations, licenses and
permits
• Freq / Freq reuse / BW

44
Handover

45
Intra-Cell ( same Cell ) Inter-BSC( different BSCs )
Inter-Cell ( same BSC different Cell ) Inter MSC( different MSc )
11/2/2018
46
• GSM Bands
• Why DL > UL ?
• Why We use 900M and 1800M and not 150 – 400M for example ?
• What is the relation between Power / Antenna Length / Fading / Frequency
• In Planning, When we use GSM900 and When GSM1800 ?
• Among Mobile, Microwave and Satellite systems, which system/s works on LOS and
why?
• What is a multi band network in GSM?
• Why we receive a very small signal in term of power ( mW ) while the output from
the BTS is in W
20W = 43dmb received as -60, -80 dbm
3rd Generation UMTS 3G + HSPA = 3.5G, Up to 42-99 Mbps

1st was the 1G
Then 2G Then H+ ( Evolved HSPA )= 3.75G, Higher
speed
Then GSM ( 9.6 -14.4 kbps )
techniques up to 168 Mbps
Then 2.5G ( GSM + GPRS ) ( Packet switching, up to 56-
115 kbps )
Then 2.75G ( EDGE ), Data rates up to 384 kbps
Finally 3G in Nov 2002.
Improve access technology & channel BW
Freq: 2,100 MHZ and 2,400 MHZ
47 Data rate: Up to 7.2 Mbps
Usage: Telephony, mobile internet, video C
CDMA: 1.25MHZ CH BW
WCDMA ( UMTS ): 5MHZ CH BW
CS vs PS
48

General Packet Radio System GPRS
49

3rd Generation UMTS
Consists of RAN and CN

RAN : UE + BTS
CN: Core Network
Using CDMA
WCDMA 5MHZ
QPSK
50
Co-existence of 2G network ( BTS and BSC )

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
All terminals send on the same frequency probably at the same time and
can use the whole bandwidth of the transmission channel.
Each sender has a unique random number (spreading sequence), the FDMA
sender XORs the signal with this random number
Advantages:
Less planning needed
Huge code space compared to frequency space
forward error correction and encryption can
51 be easily integrated
CDMA
Disadvantages:
Higher complexity of a receiver

GPRS: Use of 8PSK modulation
52

Spared Spectrum
53
11/2/2018
3G- Advantages
 Improved digital voice communications
 Larger Bandwidth – Higher Data rate
 Greater subscriber capacity
 Fast packet-based data services like e-mail, short message service (SMS), and
Internet access at broadband speeds.
 Consumers are able to have :-

 location services
 interactive gaming
 streaming video
 home monitoring and control
55

4th Generation, LTE

Have more bandwidth
More download speed
Remove routers and hubs in the old network
Have smart network and remove complexity
Make the UE ( cell phone ) as router and tran/recev
OFDMA used ORTHOGNAL

Will never interfere as the carrier will be orthogonal
MIMO technology Multiple input multiple output to increase

transmission and reception speed.
56
eNode B ( one radio controller for the whole network ),
no RNC Faster Handover to get the internet access fully

4th Generation, LTE ( all IP )
57

4th Generation, LTE
FDD and TDD modes have different advantages
and disadvantages.
In FDD mode, the bandwidths of the uplink
and downlink are fixed and are usually the
same.
This makes it suitable for voice communications,

in which the uplink and downlink data rates are
very similar.
In TDD mode, the system can adjust how much
time is allocated to the uplink and downlink.
This makes it suitable for applications such as web
58 browsing, in which the downlink data rate can be much
greater than the rate on the uplink.

4th Generation, LTE

OFDM : Orthogonal sub-carrier
59

4th Generation, LTE

MIMO
Multi input – multi output
physical obstacles or competing signals could reduce
speeds or introduce errors in SISO, MIMO has an
element of redundancy that ensures consistent, strong
transmission.( overcome Multipath )..
Increase Diversity and Reception both sides
60

4th Generation, LTE
MIMO means you have multiple transmitting antennas

at transmitter at receiving side. It can be of the
following configurations 2(transmit)x2(receive), 4x4 and
8x8. Massive MIMO
MIMO can be configured in two modes. Spatial
Multiplexing and Diversity gain.
MIMO configured in spatial multiplexing mode each
allows you to transmit multiple streams of data. MIMO
61 configured in diversity gain mode helps you to send
same set of data via different possible paths thus
increasing the Signal to Noise Ratio.
If you have 2 pipes connected to water supply, you'll

get more water. Add more pipes and get even more
water ☺ but more cost also.. 11/2/2018
4th Generation, LTE

Radio Frame
Resource Block
Frequency band
62

4th Generation, LTE

Frequency band
63

64

RF Planning
RF Planning
65

RF Planning
66
Link budget calculation: signal strength loss on the path between base station
and mobile phone
Define the cell ranges along with the coverage thresholds
Important components: Sensitivity, Fade margin, Connector and cable losses,
Antenna gain
RF Planning
67

RF Planning
68

RF Planning
69

70

RF Planning
Propagation models
HATA
OKUMURA
71 COST-HATA

RF Planning
72

73

74

RF Planning
END
75

Mobile Comm and Radio Planning Course

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Radio Planning

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

 It does not cover:

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

❑ GSM Global System for Mobile Communication

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

• Introduced in 1981 ( Norway – USA and Japan )

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

• The need to have very good voice quality

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

ODU IF cable IF cable

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Parabolic antenna Cassegrainian antenna

 Antennas are used to send and receive microwave signals.

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio

417 Syria, 01 Syriatel and 02 MTN

eSIM ROM, RAM, PIN

Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Total is: 4.615ms ( 1248bits)

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

BCH: Sync with MS

CCCH: Common CCH

SDCCH: Dedicate Ch, for call establish

Equipment Identity Register - EIR - is a database that contains the identity of

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Macro cells : 1 to 35 km. hilltop or a rooftop.

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Inter-Cell ( same BSC different Cell ) Inter MSC( different MSc )

• What is the relation between Power / Antenna Length / Fading / Frequency

• In Planning, When we use GSM900 and When GSM1800 ?

• What is a multi band network in GSM?

3rd Generation UMTS 3G + HSPA = 3.5G, Up to 42-99 Mbps

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

Mobile Comm and planning - By Eng. Sami Alio 11/2/2018

3rd Generation UMTS

Consists of RAN and CN