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Deianira

Deianira, Deïanira, or Deianeira[1] (/ˌdeɪ.əˈnaɪrə/;[2] Ancient Greek: Δηϊάνειρα, Dēiáneira, or Δῃάνειρα, Dēáneira, [dɛːiáneːra]), also known as
Deianira, Deïanira,
Dejanira,[3] was a figure in Greek mythology whose name translated as "man-destroyer"[4] or "destroyer of her husband".[5][6] She was the wife of
Deianeira, Deyanire, or
Heracles and, in late Classical accounts, his unwitting murderer, killing him with the poisoned Shirt of Nessus. She is the main character in Sophocles'
Dejanira
play Women of Trachis.
Calydonian Princess
Member of the Royal House of
Calydon
Contents
Mythology
Family and marriage
Death of Heracles
Calydonian family tree
References
Sources
Primary sources
Secondary sources

Mythology

Family and marriage


Deianira was the daughter of Althaea and her husband Oeneus[7] (whose name means "wine-
man"), the king of Calydon (after the wine-god gave the king the vine to cultivate), and the half-
sister of Meleager. She also was said to have become the mother of Macaria (who saved the Deianira by Evelyn De Morgan
Athenians from defeat byEurystheus). Abode Calydon

In Sophocles' account of Deianira's marriage, she was courted by the river god Achelous but saved Personal information
from having to marry him by Heracles, who defeated Achelous in a wrestling contest for her hand Consort Heracles
Heracles, Deianira and Nessus, black- in marriage.[8] In another version of her tale, Deianira is instead the daughter of Dexamenus, king Offspring Hyllus · Ctesippus ·
figure hydria, 575-550 BC, Louvre (E of Olenus. Heracles rapes her and promises to come back and marry her. While he is away, the Glenus · Onites ·
803) centaur Eurytion appears, demanding her as his wife. Her father, being afraid, agrees. Heracles Macaria
, claiming his bride.[9]
returns before the marriage and slays the centaur
Parents Althaea and Oeneus or
Deianira was associated with combat, and is described as someone who "drove a chariot and practiced Dionysus, Dexamenus
the art of war."[10] Robert Graves interpreted the association with war as a relationship with the pre- Siblings Meleager, Toxeus,
Olympian war goddess, Athene, who was an orgiastic bride in many local sacred marriages to kings Clymenus, Periphas,
who may have been sacrificed. Agelaus, Thyreus,
Gorge, Eurymede,
Mothone, Perimede,
Death of Heracles
Melanippe, and Tydeus
The central story about Deianira concerns the Tunic of Nessus. A wild centaur named Nessus (if Oeneus was her
attempted to kidnap or rape Deianira as he was ferrying her across the river Euenos, but she was father) Eurypylus,
rescued by Heracles, who shot the centaur with a poisoned arrow. As he lay dying, Nessus persuaded Theronice and
Deianira to take a sample of his blood, telling her that a potion of it mixed with olive oil would ensure Theraephone (if
that Heracles would never again be unfaithful. Dexamenus was her
father)
Deianira and the dying centaur Deianira believed his words and kept a little of the potion by her. Heracles fathered illegitimate
Nessus telling her of the "love charm" children all across Greece and then fell in love with Iole. When Deianira thus feared that her husband
/ "love potion" (his own poisonous would leave her forever, she smeared some of the blood on Heracles' famous lionskin shirt. Heracles' servant, Lichas, brought him the shirt and he put
blood). it on. The centaur's toxic blood burned Heracles terribly, and eventually, he threw himself into a funeral pyre. In despair, Deianira committed suicide by
hanging herself or with a sword.

Preceded by Succeeded by
Wives of Heracles
Omphale Hebe

Calydonian family tree


Dorus Aetolus Pronoe Phorbus

Xanthippe Pleuron Calydon Aeolia

Sterope Stratonice Laophonte Agenor Epicaste Cleoboea Protogeneia Ares

Euryte Porthaon Demonice Thestius Eurythemis Oxylus


Oeneus Althaea Toxeus Evippus Plexippus Eurypylus Leda

Periphas Toxeus Deianira Gorge Perimede Phoenix Oecles Hypermnestra

Clymenus Melanippe Thoas Astypalaea Poseidon Polyboea Iphianeira Amphiaraus

Mothone Agelaus Ancaeus Eurypylus Clytie

Thyreus Eurymede Heracles Chalciope

Meleager Thessalus

References
1. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hercules". Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 346.
2. Wells, John C. (2009). "Deianira". Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. London: Pearson Longman.ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
3. Baynes, T.S., ed. (1878). "Dejanira". Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 37.
4. P. Walcot, "Greek Attitudes towards Women: The Mythological Evidence"Rome, 2nd Series, 31:1:43 (April 1984); at JSTOR (https://www.jstor.org/stable/642368)
5. Koine. Y. (editor in chief), Kenkyusha's New English-Japanese Dictionary
, 5th ed., Kenkyusha, 1980, p.551.
6. Antoninus Liberalis. Metamorphoses, Notes and Commentary on Meleagrides sv
. Deianira, p.111
7. Hammond, N. G. L.; Scullard, H. H., eds. (1970).The Oxford Classical Dictionary(2d ed.). Oxford [Eng.]: Clarendon Press. p. 319.ISBN 0198691173.
8. Wohl, Victoria (2010). "A Tragic Case of Poisoning: Intention Between Tragedy and the Law". Transactions of the American Philological Association. 140 (1): 53.
9. Hyginus. Fabulae, 31
10. Bibliotecha I.8.1

Sources

Primary sources
Hesiod, Catalogue of Women fr. 2 5
Ovid, Heroides 9
Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.101-238

Secondary sources
Harry Thurston Peck, Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities,1898
Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths, 1955, 142.ff, 142.2,3,5

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